ライフサイエンスコーパス: (are|were|) difficult to

1 n the embryonic and fetal stages-stages that are difficult to access and investigate in humans.

2 However, supercoil dynamics are difficult to access because of the wide range of rel

3 peared for the (18)F-labeling of agents that are difficult to access by applying traditional radioche

4 congested and unsaturated tetrazoles, which are difficult to access by other means.

5 ase), 3-halo-substituted 1,2-oxazines, which are difficult to access by other routes, were obtained i

6 ed heterocycles with boron at positions that are difficult to access using alternate methods.

7 r cent enantiomeric excess), which otherwise are difficult to access using chemocatalysis.

8 e access to complex molecular scaffolds that are difficult to access with reactions in the electronic

9 fection are located in lymphoid tissues that are difficult to access.

10 not performed for clinical care, and tissues are difficult to access.

11 te events often cause population crashes but are difficult to account for in population-dynamic studi

12 ely analyzed in genetic studies because they are difficult to accurately identify and genotype.

13 m flat films into 3D complex structures that are difficult to achieve by conventional fabrication app

14 but the multiphase electrochemical reactions are difficult to achieve when operating with only solid

15 ations: the guideline-recommended time goals were difficult to achieve for many patients in high-inco

16 ion, a behavior that likely occurs when prey are difficult to acquire.

17 ale societies for which reliable age records are difficult to acquire.

18 Greater availability of energetically rich, difficult-to-acquire foods enhances female-male and mal

19 e a high cost, require skilled operators and are difficult to adapt for field operations.

20 estions about risk of pathogen exposure that are difficult to address with previous methods.

21 ression are common within tilapia genera but are difficult to analyse due to limited numbers of speci

22 nts produce increasingly large datasets that are difficult to analyze and integrate.

23 Selectivities in such reactions are difficult to analyze because they cannot be determin

24 techniques based on measurement calibration are difficult to apply.

25 s of mucosal vaccines over injected vaccines are difficult to ascertain, since mucosally administered

26 At first glance, these symptoms are difficult to ascribe to a single pathological mechan

27 ny fundamental principles of water transport are difficult to assess given the scale and location of

28 wever, structural lesions, such as erosions, are difficult to assess on routine T1-weighted MRI scans

29 nd derived states and their gains and losses are difficult to assess.

30 vely measured, fibrosis and myocyte disarray are difficult to assess.

31 pecific molecule(s) leading to this response are difficult to assess.

32 However, details of these transitions are difficult to automatically track.

33 h throughput is required and image artifacts are difficult to avoid.

34 y on: (1) cell size distribution curves that are difficult to be compared numerically among large-sca

35 a, hierarchical structure, and ordered pores are difficult to be satisfied in one polymer simultaneou

36 g of distant charges, competing effects that are difficult to capture in standard implicit solvent mo

37 as been argued that the procurement of small, difficult-to-catch, agile prey is a hallmark of complex

38 on batteries, but the degradation mechanisms are difficult to characterize and poorly understood.

39 important role in disease and evolution but are difficult to characterize because their breakpoints

40 Intermediate states and allosteric behavior are difficult to characterize.

41 drug distribution among various phases which are difficult to characterize.

42 zoonoses may result in virus detections that are difficult to classify as "swine-origin" or "human-or

43 Complications following diverticulitis are difficult to classify because no traditional tools a

44 Finally, we consider areas of research that are difficult to classify, and how the automated approac

45 of our study is the exclusion of borderline, difficult-to-classify lesions from our datasets.

46 genome, resulting in latent infections that are difficult to clear.

47 As many environmental exposures are difficult to collect and quantify, sex can serve as

48 theory are scant because comprehensive data are difficult to collect and synthesize across species,

49 However, these measurements are difficult to compare to AFM-derived measurements of

50 e, results of BPDCN trials testing new drugs are difficult to compare with alternative therapies.

51 lation; moreover, results from those studies are difficult to compare, due to suboptimal control popu

52 til now the results of different experiments were difficult to compare and not integrated with other

53 lyses pertaining to the same genetic variant were difficult to compare due to differences in patient

54 ems in which standard comparisons like RMSDs are difficult to compute.

55 and ecological controls on nitrogen fixation are difficult to constrain with limited in situ measurem

56 cal contents of individual cells but spectra are difficult to correlate to conventional cell types, l

57 to create a large library of highly complex, difficult-to-counterfeit optical tags.

58 On the other hand, good network figures are difficult to create.

59 s), but their contributions to NDD pathology are difficult to decipher without understanding their di

60 nts are complex, and transformation pathways are difficult to decipher.

61 Such multi-factorial systems are difficult to decode in vertebrates owing to their co

62 and non-specific amplification in LAMP that are difficult to deduce from bulk measurements.

63 mics are dictated by drought conditions that are difficult to define and complex to estimate from cli

64 archers are often faced with phenotypes that are difficult to define at the cognitive or behavioural

65 ell-membranes in intact form and, therefore, are difficult to deliver for both diagnostic and therape

66 Complex DNA sequences are difficult to detect and profile, but are important c

67 tructural variants (SVs) in the human genome are difficult to detect and study by conventional sequen

68 vasive in quantitative phenotypic variation, are difficult to detect in genome-wide association studi

69 Differences in pSMAD2 expression were difficult to detect due to the ubiquitous nature of

70 anic aerosols from wood combustion emissions are difficult to determine.

71 Prosthetic joint infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to biofilm forma

72 regions, share many nonspecific symptoms and are difficult to diagnose based on clinical history alon

73 s compatible with a range of hypotheses that are difficult to differentiate empirically.

74 ion, although the cause-effect relationships are difficult to discern, calling for additional complem

75 O concentrations and environmental variables were difficult to discern, the percent saturation of N(2

76 ta from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access.

77 ontrolled by distinct neural mechanisms that are difficult to disentangle from behavioral readouts.

78 roles of insularity, habitat and dispersers are difficult to disentangle.

79 to function and often depend on factors that are difficult to disentangle.

80 allenge on the mother, placenta or offspring are difficult to disentangle.

81 synthetic rate to environmental conditions - are difficult to disentangle.

82 es additives and binders whose contributions are difficult to dissect.

83 que atomic-level structural properties which are difficult to distinguish by diffraction-based techni

84 nata and P. dolus are the most abundant, but are difficult to distinguish from each other based solel

85 COVID-19 and dengue fever are difficult to distinguish given shared clinical and l

86 ur and the underlying neural circuits, which are difficult to do simultaneously: however, recent stud

87 Bacterial biofilm infections are difficult to eradicate because of antibiotic insusce

88 e associated with implanted medical devices, are difficult to eradicate.

89 y structure to regulating protein expression are difficult to establish as they are often highly corr

90 adaptive decision-making processes, however, are difficult to establish in humans.

91 etworks govern many biological processes but are difficult to examine comprehensively.

92 ed in fossils and because metabolic networks are difficult to experimentally characterize in diverse

93 However regulatory activity hypotheses are difficult to experimentally test.

94 These patterns of atypical development are difficult to explain with existing models that empha

95 , correlate with complex tissue changes that are difficult to explore using two-dimensional histology

96 th drug taking and drug seeking behavior and are difficult to extinguish.

97 e concentrations, lack multimodal sensing or are difficult to fabricate at large scale.

98 le photodetectors and pressure sensors which are difficult to fabricate with conventional approaches.

99 Signals drawing attention to overt defences are difficult to fake whereas signals advertising covert

100 cancer samples reveals candidate rSNPs that are difficult to find by other approaches.

101 reams of neural activity in mammalian brains are difficult to follow because of their size.

102 ly understood, especially early events which are difficult to follow in vivo.

103 y in accessing materials and structures that are difficult to form by bottom-up syntheses in a contro

104 (X = Cl, Br) are both stable compounds which are difficult to functionalize.

105 t synthesis of organometallic complexes that are difficult to generate conventionally.

106 e unprecedented details about processes that are difficult to grasp by bulk biochemical assays that y

107 - type mice (diabetic) developed wounds that were difficult to heal, differently from CCR4(-/-) diabe

108 proteins, 'non-classical' secreted proteins are difficult to identify as they lack discernable signa

109 in structural and dynamic properties, which are difficult to identify but functionally important.

110 medically important family of bacteria that are difficult to identify to the species level using the

111 , such as bound biexcitons, are possible but are difficult to identify unambiguously using linear opt

112 emimetals with broken time reversal symmetry are difficult to identify unambiguously.

113 While anion dimers are difficult to identify unequivocally in solution, the

114 Ketosis symptoms, however, are difficult to identify, therefore, the amount of keto

115 ere vulnerabilities in multi-trophic systems are difficult to identify, yet variation in specific com

116 ndividuals at greatest risk of impending T1D are difficult to identify.

117 osts that predict risk of financial toxicity are difficult to identify.

118 on and that global peptide-S/N relationships are difficult to identify.

119 he drug of interest and duplicate cases that are difficult to identify.

120 Despite their importance, aECMs are difficult to image in vivo and therefore poorly unde

121 th oral and intravenous administrations that are difficult to implement in under-resourced settings.

122 , however, the standardized ingestion assays are difficult to implement.

123 microfluidic channel-based technologies that are difficult to incorporate into conventional plates.

124 Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which are difficult to induce in the healthy rodent heart, cou

125 bservation and monitoring of phenotypes that are difficult to infer from transcriptomics.

126 have been only occasionally used since they are difficult to integrate and do not provide mechanisti

127 ant methodological differences, test systems are difficult to integrate in meta-analyses/systematic r

128 sters through bulky Si-based rectifiers that are difficult to integrate.

129 These non-classically responsive neurons are difficult to interpret and are typically neglected f

130 len records for temperate forest communities are difficult to interpret and do not provide species-le

131 e a resolution of the length of peptides and are difficult to interpret because many different phenom

132 , but similar results in aversive motivation are difficult to interpret due to a lack of outcome spec

133 Spectroscopic studies on PS II RCs are difficult to interpret due to large spectral congest

134 s and detect loci in non-coding regions that are difficult to interpret.

135 ated, causal inferences from observable data are difficult to interpret.

136 mmunities have generated mixed outcomes that are difficult to interpret.

137 resulting in misleading tree distances that are difficult to interpret.

138 ions into the mechanisms underlying the bias are difficult to interpret.

139 patients, 10% (95% CI, 8.2%-12%) of patients were difficult to intubate.

140 by intrinsically disordered protein segments are difficult to investigate by conventional techniques

141 endent dynamics are not often understood and are difficult to investigate.

142 maintaining lung alveoli throughout life but are difficult to isolate from patients.

143 s of fibroblasts is challenging: these cells are difficult to isolate from tissues, and are therefore

144 Second, acid-fast MTB bacilli are difficult to lyse.

145 nt life cycle is long and growing conditions are difficult to maintain hindering their adoption.

146 Although primary human AEC2s are difficult to maintain stably in cell cultures, recen

147 or standard parameters in cine-MRI sequences are difficult to make due to lack of evidentiary support

148 olecules that are the size of small proteins are difficult to make.

149 mmation and organism-wide complications that are difficult to manage.

150 materials with low Seebeck coefficient, and are difficult to manufacture over large areas.

151 Highly sensitized patients are difficult to match with suitable renal allograft don

152 They are, however, difficult to measure; gold-standard techniques are typi

153 they are "differential correlations," which are difficult to measure directly.

154 ectron inter-layer tunneling strength, which are difficult to measure experimentally otherwise.

155 eactions that occur at very low rates, which are difficult to measure under relevant plasma condition

156 major challenges to malaria elimination and are difficult to measure using traditional surveillance

157 studies derive from response endpoints that are difficult to measure, a lack of biomarkers that pred

158 tudies captured presenteeism costs, as these are difficult to measure, however costs ranged from 1602

159 n the gender earnings gap, but these factors are difficult to measure.

160 cy driving and magnetic fields, all of which are difficult to model using realistic conditions.

161 ue to processes of nucleotide evolution that are difficult to model, for example substitutional satur

162 1 and protective glycans stabilized a closed, difficult to neutralize, envelope conformation.

163 mechanisms underlying physical interactions are difficult to observe due to the lack of experimental

164 he evolution of highly lethal parasites that are difficult to observe in the wild and further suggest

165 are used to detect minor fluctuations which are difficult to observe using conventional three dimens

166 eters, position and orientation fluctuations are difficult to observe with common measurement technol

167 l transformations for reactive intermediates are difficult to observe, and well-defined molecular mod

168 mics driven solely by electronic correlation are difficult to observe.

169 uman movements during outbreaks are, however, difficult to obtain and may not be available during fut

170 ing efficiencies and photostabilities, which are difficult to obtain by the current methods.

171 ges between the conformational states, which are difficult to obtain in many situations.

172 e enabled material multifunctionalities that are difficult to obtain otherwise.

173 brain repair and quiescence regulation that are difficult to obtain using rodent models alone.

174 eptors, achieving levels of recognition that are difficult to obtain with individual molecular intera

175 Evidence from randomized trials are difficult to obtain, particularly regarding effects

176 ts of the magnetic field in the Sun's corona are difficult to obtain.

177 looding that are comparable over large areas are difficult to obtain.

178 een developed for population management, but are difficult to operationalize during clinical care.

179 nvolving the disruption of normal microbiota are difficult to optimize.

180 dicators of cardiovascular disease risk that are difficult to ordinarily observe.

181 ommended, predominantly due to barriers that are difficult to overcome.

182 tudies indicate that normal fused sapphyrins are difficult to oxidize but easier to reduce compared t

183 nanodevices(10-14), but unfortunately these are difficult to pack into ordered arrays.

184 of strabismus are subjective, time consuming, difficult to perform in babies, toddlers, and young chi

185 , ELISAs demonstrate limited sensitivity and are difficult to perform at the point of care.

186 However, because washing steps are difficult to perform with droplets, there are still

187 form such cavities in many natural proteins are difficult to precisely program and thus challenging

188 ss distinct exonic and intronic regions, and are difficult to predict a priori.

189 operties and their mechanistic underpinnings are difficult to predict as a function of the biophysica

190 ystems, catastrophic failures of SM networks are difficult to predict due to high dimensionality of t

191 rturbations on cellular activities and fates are difficult to predict using intuition alone because o

192 quences, we conclude that off-target effects are difficult to predict, and the choice of ASO chemistr

193 However, drought impacts on populations are difficult to predict, in part, because habitat refug

194 vestment is challenging because future needs are difficult to predict.

195 (IR), patient reactions to moderate sedation are difficult to predict.

196 hanisms whose extent and relative importance were difficult to predict.

197 ard access to complex building blocks, which are difficult to prepare otherwise, from simple arenes.

198 On the other hand, alpha-sulfinyl chlorides are difficult to prepare with high levels of enantiopuri

199 Small pai-conjugated nanohoops are difficult to prepare, but offer an excellent platfor

200 stoichiometric organometallic reagents that are difficult to prepare, sensitive, and uneconomical.

201 athogens remain unclear, infectious diseases are difficult to prevent and control.

202 crosecond but not ultrafast timescales which are difficult to probe experimentally.

203 acial electrostatic and field gradients that are difficult to probe experimentally.

204 to electronic interactions or topology, and are difficult to probe via transport.

205 tin/lamina-associated domains (LADs) domains are difficult to profile and warrants a simpler and dire

206 confounding antemortem or postmortem factors are difficult to prove.

207 are those surrounded by exocrine tissue and are difficult to purify by density gradient centrifugati

208 he effects of a surgical career on lifestyle are difficult to quantify and may vary between male and

209 e kinetics of these protein oligomerizations are difficult to quantify by traditional experimental ap

210 unity for therapy, APOBEC3A protein and mRNA are difficult to quantify in tumors due to their low abu

211 ered animal movement capability or behaviour are difficult to quantify manually.

212 Focusing on host-microbe interactions that are difficult to quantify through fluorescence alone, we

213 However, TE-derived RNA-seq reads are difficult to quantify.

214 ifestyle and environmental risk factors that are difficult to quantify.

215 namics of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission are difficult to quantify.

216 at affect both human and natural communities are difficult to quantify.

217 min A status, especially in populations that are difficult to reach with other strategies.

218 compass cue is only used when skylight cues are difficult to read, i.e., when the sun is close to th

219 e thermodynamically unfavored processes that are difficult to realize under thermal conditions.

220 However, resilient landscapes are difficult to recognize on short time scales, as pert

221 testing key predictions of this account that are difficult to reconcile with alternative accounts bas

222 These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understandin

223 ishment learning, but in disparate ways that are difficult to reconcile.

224 ns stimulated our interest: some RNA targets are difficult to reduce with RNase H1 activating ASOs an

225 te upon expression into inclusion bodies and are difficult to refold.

226 current FRM benchmarks are abstractions that are difficult to relate to how valuable or trustworthy a

227 We speculate that DSBs at functional sites are difficult to repair as a crossover and that by incre

228 ng DNA lesions and secondary structures that are difficult to replicate.

229 , the sample sizes are small and the results are difficult to replicate.

230 However, data from public repositories are difficult to reprocess and reanalyze.

231 es, and a valence delocalized state of Cu(A) are difficult to reproduce in synthetic models, and ever

232 oxia or extracellular calcium concentration, are difficult to reproduce.

233 ecause they often take weeks to complete and are difficult to reproduce.

234 cutive EFTR interventions on small (< 20 mm), difficult to resect recurrent / residual colorectal neo

235 However these distortions are difficult to resolve because the associated atomic d

236 ent mixtures of closely related species that are difficult to resolve under chromatographic condition

237 are critical to function, but these features are difficult to resolve using traditional structure det

238 etabolites under various targeted strategies are difficult to resolve with experimental techniques.

239 to achieve coherent radiation in SGR bursts are difficult to satisfy, and that only under extreme co

240 Enzymatic routes are time-consuming, difficult to scale-up and suffer from polymerase-bias w

241 as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms.

242 soluble and aggregated Amyloid-beta peptides are difficult to separate in vivo.

243 lenge in studying poly(A) tails is that they are difficult to sequence and accurately measure.

244 ing for the analysis of genomic regions that are difficult to sequence.

245 for regional socioeconomic development, but are difficult to simulate accurately(1) and reconstruct

246 onments and the presence of an immune system are difficult to simulate in vitro.

247 sizes, which are often unknown as a priori, are difficult to specify in practice, and are subject to

248 ailable for processing environmental samples are difficult to standardized and most require a long tu

249 ortant for a plethora of cellular functions, are difficult to structurally characterize at the atomic

250 materials, such as transition metal borides, are difficult to structurally manipulate at low temperat

251 onolayers (SAMs) of thiols on coinage metals are difficult to study and are still not completely unde

252 ble to various dissipative mechanisms, which are difficult to study directly because of their microsc

253 tant to soil ecology and biogeochemistry yet are difficult to study due to soil's opacity and complex

254 accounting for 25% of adult tumors(1), they are difficult to study due to the low disease incidence

255 ce data to learn about contact networks that are difficult to study empirically.

256 horylation states on protein kinase activity are difficult to study experimentally because of challen

257 Such transient species are difficult to study experimentally, but it has proven

258 onsequences of these chromosomal aberrations are difficult to study in cancer, and therefore several

259 ologies of these virally influenced diseases are difficult to study in conventional laboratory mouse

260 anisms mediating HCM-associated brain injury are difficult to study in human subjects, highlighting t

261 errogate various aspects of translation that are difficult to study in more coarse-grained models.

262 nd partner proteins with modest affinity and are difficult to study with conventional structural biol

263 y, and behavior, many phenotypes of interest are difficult to study with traditional genetic approach

264 redicted the functions of microproteins that are difficult to study with traditional methods.

265 e relatively unstable in vitro and therefore are difficult to study.

266 cesses to complex aromatic structures, which are difficult to synthesize by traditional pathways such

267 properties of actinides and lanthanides that are difficult to synthesize or characterize.

268 explored area of chemical space because they are difficult to synthesize via conventional reactions(1

269 cancers whose growth relies on proteins that are difficult to target therapeutically, such as transcr

270 As transcription factors, MYC family members are difficult to target with small-molecule inhibitors,

271 ally when dealing with wildlife species that are difficult to track or capture.

272 However, GANs are difficult to train and rely on compromised architect

273 tem cells that may be generalizable to other, difficult-to-transduce cell types.

274 ticality can be limited if target cell lines are difficult to transfect and do not proliferate.

275 necessitating sophisticated strategies that are difficult to translate.

276 Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly aggressive, difficult to treat brain tumour.

277 tment resistant depression is, by definition, difficult to treat using standard therapeutic intervent

278 Pulmonary mycoses are difficult to treat and detrimental to patients.

279 P. aeruginosa lung infections are difficult to treat because P. aeruginosa adapts to t

280 ctions caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi are difficult to treat by conventional topical administr

281 T cells promote inflammatory responses that are difficult to treat with conventional therapies that

282 Bacterial biofilms are difficult to treat with the commonly used antibiotic

283 ng tools to combat bacterial infections that are difficult to treat, featuring the capacity to evade

284 treatment to populations that traditionally are difficult to treat, such as persons who inject drugs

285 s, progesterone receptors and HER2 receptors are difficult to treat.

286 spective of mechanism, visual hallucinations are difficult to treat.

287 e present during an APO also underlie common, difficult-to-treat forms of CVD in women as they age (e

288 r mechanisms underlying this dynamic process are difficult to uncover using standard approaches due t

289 nes, molten atoms at interfaces, etc., which are difficult to understand due to the complexity of loc

290 ICR are subject to multiple confounders and are difficult to understand or apply to real-world clini

291 Current tools are difficult to use by those unfamiliar with programmin

292 ls are not in wide use in bioinformatics and are difficult to use for even technologically sophistica

293 ses in several biomedical applications, they are difficult to use for non-experts.

294 ion-processable optical gain media, but they are difficult to use in lasing because of complications

295 low throughput and high startup cost, which are difficult to use in various academic and industry fi

296 ave not achieved widespread use because they are difficult to use or block off residual vision.

297 cess control; however, traditional pH probes are difficult to utilize in harsh or complex chemical sy

298 However, these comparisons are difficult to validate due to broad differences betwe

299 However, climate projections are difficult to verify until further observations becom

300 maging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging te