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1 effect by promoting utilization of the weak 5' splice site.
2 due to the SMN2 C>T mutation and suboptimal 5' splice site.
3 We propose a mechanism for selection of the 5' splice site.
4 resence of intronic motifs downstream of the 5' splice site.
5 de polymorphisms (SNPs) within the consensus 5' splice site.
6 he initial recruitment of U1snRNP to the PLP 5' splice site.
7 he U6 snRNP at the precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) 5' splice site.
8 ed in the presence of the competing upstream 5' splice site.
9 splice site located downstream of a weakened 5' splice site.
10 reposition the substrate after cleaving the 5' splice site.
11 ide to induce the activation of the Bcl-x(s) 5' splice site.
12 urther induce the activation of the Bcl-x(s) 5' splice site.
13 reside before its release from the pre-mRNA 5' splice site.
14 wo splicing signals: the branchpoint and the 5' splice site.
15 serves as the nucleophile for attack on the 5' splice site.
16 philic attack of the branch adenosine at the 5' splice site.
17 ot interfere with U1 snRNP binding to the N1 5' splice site.
18 site sequence converted it into a functional 5' splice site.
19 of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP to a suboptimal 5' splice site.
20 tion of U1 small nuclear RNA with the intron 5' splice site.
21 ecruitment of the splicing complex to a weak 5' splice site.
22 nteractions with cis elements that overlap a 5' splice site.
23 ence forms a hairpin that weakly tethers the 5' splice site.
24 inding of U1-70K (snRNP70) to the downstream 5' splice site.
25 exons that fail to reconstitute an efficient 5' splice site.
26 r implicated in displacing U1 snRNP from the 5' splice site.
27 iting hnRNP A1 to a sequence upstream of the 5' splice site.
28 x at the branchpoint and the U1 snRNP at the 5' splice site.
29 xogenous guanosine nucleophile to attack the 5'-splice site.
30 NPs bound to pre-mRNA with one or two strong 5' splice sites.
31 rgely on the strength of the flanking 3' and 5' splice sites.
32 nes, but also can promote use of alternative 5' splice sites.
33 rotein particle called U1 snRNP engages with 5' splice sites.
34 by the altered splicing of introns with weak 5' splice sites.
35 exon splicing with RBM20 binding near 3' and 5' splice sites.
36 ion of cassette exons, and usage of upstream 5' splice sites.
37 extreme conservation of GpU observed at most 5'-splice sites.
38 fine-tunes relative affinities of mismatched 5'-splice sites.
41 intron compensatory interactions between the 5' splice site (5'ss) and 3' splice site (3'ss) were obs
42 snRNPs) bound to the precursor messenger RNA 5' splice site (5'SS) and branch point sequence, associa
43 f a complex comprising U1 snRNP bound at the 5' splice site (5'SS) and the Msl5*Mud2 heterodimer enga
44 pre-mRNA splicing is the recognition of the 5' splice site (5'ss) by canonical base-pairing to the 5
45 the major splice donor in the HIV-1 genome, 5' splice site (5'ss) D1, to the first splice acceptor,
46 viral mRNAs, is increased by optimizing the 5' splice site (5'ss) downstream of exon 2 (5'ss D2).
47 an splicing factor, acts at the U1 snRNA and 5' splice site (5'ss) duplex in the pre-mRNA splicing pr
49 ad a major effect on the U1 pattern, whereas 5' splice site (5'ss) mutations had a stronger effect on
52 e splice complex that forms between a pseudo 5' splice site (5'ss) within the negative regulator of s
53 ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) binding to the 5' splice site (5'SS), which is assisted by the Ser/Arg
56 bicistronic pre-mRNA intron 1 contains three 5' splice sites (5' ss) and three 3' splice sites (3' ss
57 model human beta-globin gene with duplicated 5' splice sites (5'ss) and found that PTCs inserted betw
60 elinase 2 and that ceramides shift the Bcl-x 5'-splice site (5'SS) selection in favor of Bcl-x(S), we
61 tosis, and phenylketonuria, can be caused by 5'-splice-site (5'ss) mutations that are not predicted t
62 ch intron contains three obligate signals: a 5' splice site, a branch site, and a 3' splice site.
64 r data suggest a novel mechanism for exon 16 5' splice site activation in which the binding of RBFOX2
65 o a consensus sequence close to the Bcl-x(L) 5' splice site, altering the Bcl-x(L)/Bcl-x(S) ratio and
66 exon, mutually exclusive exons, alternative 5' splice site, alternative 3' splice site and retained
67 the first step of self-splicing, in which a 5'-splice site analogue (S) and guanosine (G) are conver
69 turation of yeast TERs such as an Sm site, a 5' splice site and a branch point, within the newly iden
70 d sequences include a u-G wobble pair at the 5' splice site and a guanosine in the omega position at
72 involves U6atac and U12 interaction with the 5' splice site and branch site regions of a U12-dependen
74 signals from the tiling array delineated the 5' splice site and branchpoint site, confirming predicte
76 ing due to the activation of the overlapping 5' splice site and not to the changes in the integrase p
79 ion, the promoter region interacted with the 5' splice site and the terminator with the 3' splice sit
80 P to the 5' splice site no. 4, even when the 5' splice site and the U1 snRNA have been mutated to obt
81 s an intron in the E6 coding region with one 5' splice site and two alternative 3' splice sites, whic
82 we confirmed that U1 directly hybridizes to 5' splice sites and 5' splice site motifs throughout int
83 sed RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at promoters, 5' splice sites and active enhancers, and are processed
84 e, chromatin-bound lncRNAs are enriched with 5' splice sites and depleted of 3' splice sites, and exh
86 ary structural elements near the alternative 5' splice sites and show that splice site choice is sign
87 nisms underlie G run-mediated recognition of 5' splice sites and that context and position play a cri
88 with increased affinity to HIV-1 downstream 5' splice sites and to sequences within the first tat co
89 olecular ruler whose other end specifies the 5'-splice site and that this molecular ruler is conserve
90 the requirement for DISE to be close to the 5'-splice site and the ability of DISE to promote bindin
91 (SL4) of the U1 snRNA, which recognizes the 5' splice site, and a component of the U2 small nuclear
92 s), contain cytosine-rich sequences near the 5' splice site, and have suboptimal splice sites in the
93 icing, when the branch site (BS) attacks the 5' splice site, and the second step, when the 5' exon at
94 erated via the utilization of an alternative 5' splice site, and this results in an insertion of 31 a
96 ncers (ESEs) promoted use of intron-proximal 5' splice sites, and tethering of hnRNP A1 and SF2/ASF p
97 ting that non-Watson-Crick base pairs at the 5' splice site are acting in concert with other factors
99 liceosomes assembled on reporter genes whose 5' splice sites are predicted to bind poorly at the spli
100 plicated the U1 snRNP and recognition of the 5' splice site as key elements in Mer1p-activated splici
103 spliced at the E6 and E1/E2 ORFs, where two 5' splice sites at nt 232 and nt 898 and two 3' splice s
104 . crassa TER intron contains a non-canonical 5'-splice site AUAAGU that alone prevents the second ste
109 and A1 induce extended contacts between the 5' splice site-bound U1 snRNA and neighboring exonic seq
110 cific sequence elements, including conserved 5' splice sites, branch points, pyrimidine-rich regions
111 , the U1 snRNP binds properly to the N1 exon 5' splice site but is made inactive by the presence of P
112 inclusion in the context of the native weak 5' splice site, but not the engineered strong 5' splice
113 sed exons in the affected genes contain weak 5' splice sites, but are otherwise indistinguishable fro
117 located 100 nucleotides downstream from the 5' splice site can dimerize in vitro through an intermol
118 demonstrated that activation of the Bcl-x(s) 5' splice site can increase the effectiveness of chemoth
119 tein particle (snRNP), bound to a downstream 5' splice site, can positively influence utilization of
121 mechanisms for establishing the fidelity of 5' splice site cleavage and exon ligation share a common
123 Disrupting stem IIc also exacerbated the 5' splice site cleavage defects of certain substrate mut
124 Prp16 can associate with spliceosomes before 5' splice site cleavage, consistent with a role for Prp1
125 splicing of a genuine substrate until after 5' splice site cleavage, we found that Prp16 can associa
130 ing motifs function by altering the U1 snRNP/5' splice site complex in a manner that impairs commitme
131 the presence of U1 snRNPs base-paired to the 5' splice site, components recognizing the 3' splice sit
133 RNA such as cryptic 3' splice site, aberrant 5' splice site, cryptic branch point and an exonic splic
134 e of these mutants (NLD2up), the sequence of 5' splice site D2 was changed to a consensus splice dono
136 ocking the N1 splice sites, PTB prevents the 5' splice site-dependent assembly of U2AF into the E com
137 The data show that recognition of the DM20 5' splice site depends on G run-mediated recruitment of
138 es where Watson-Crick base pairs form at the 5'splice site do we see degradation of TES products at c
139 ck interactions between the branch helix and 5'-splice site dock the branch adenosine into the active
142 uence of U6 snRNA, which base-pairs with the 5'-splice site during catalytic activation, forms a hair
143 also demonstrated that an upstream competing 5' splice site enhances the rate of proximal splicing.
145 tion between the presence of a non-canonical 5' splice site for ESP and the absence of detectable ESP
146 rm owing to competition with a reconstituted 5' splice site formed at the RS-site after the first spl
147 sion) assays show that part of the regulated 5'-splice site forms intramolecular base pairs that are
151 ding on cassette exons: binding close to the 5' splice site generally promoted exon inclusion, wherea
152 e S. pombe TER intron contains the canonical 5'-splice site GUAUGU, the N. crassa TER intron contains
153 studied the most common form of alternative 5' splice sites-GYNNGYs (Y = C/T), where both GYs can fu
154 abilize a stem loop structure at the exon 10 5'-splice site; however, the existence of this stem loop
155 e oligonucleotides (ASO) directed toward the 5' splice site I promote the expression of the PKCdeltaV
157 ' splice site, but not the engineered strong 5' splice site, implying that RBFOX2 achieves its effect
158 We identify a G-rich enhancer (M2) of DM20 5' splice site in exon 3B and show that individual G tri
160 determined that U1 snRNP interacts with the 5' splice site in the downstream exon even in the absenc
161 M20 ratio and, when placed between competing 5' splice sites in an alpha-globin minigene, direct hnRN
162 we determined that two competing alternative 5' splice sites in exon 12 yield Esrp1 isoforms with dif
166 MD, and (ii) RPS3 binding activates a poison 5'-splice site in its pre-mRNA that leads to a frame shi
168 hnRNPH fusion protein downstream of the DM20 5' splice site increased DM20 splicing, whereas MS2-hnRN
169 r initial recruitment of U1snRNP to the DM20 5' splice site independent of the strength of the splice
170 s rely on hyperstabilization of the U6 snRNA-5' splice site interaction to impede the 2nd step of spl
178 n exons and introns is more complex than for 5' splice sites, largely owing to sequence constraints u
179 s; the third mutation activated a downstream 5' splice site leading to pseudoexon inclusion of a port
180 poly(A) signal or increasing the strength of 5' splice site led to the predominant production of hERG
181 ng from a trans-splicing reaction in which a 5' splice site-like sequence in the universally conserve
182 lements that could silence a proximal strong 5' splice site located downstream of a weakened 5' splic
183 that retained introns tend to have a weaker 5' splice site, more Gs in their poly-pyrimidine tract a
184 1 directly hybridizes to 5' splice sites and 5' splice site motifs throughout introns and found that
185 A rescues splicing of certain branchpoint or 5' splice site mutants in which U snRNA base-pairing has
186 des most unspliced precursors generated by a 5' splice site mutation in RPS10B, and limits RPS29B uns
190 y for the recruitment of the U1 snRNP to the 5' splice site no. 4, even when the 5' splice site and t
193 binding assays, shows that the selection of 5'-splice site nucleotides by U1 snRNP is achieved predo
194 short RNA duplex is established between the 5' splice site of a pre-mRNA and the 5' end of the U1 sn
197 onal only in the context of the natural weak 5' splice site of exon 2; they are 1) a uridine-rich enh
200 of HSF4 showed a homozygous mutation in the 5' splice site of intron 12 (c.1327+4A-->G), which cause
201 tation is due to a G --> A transition at the 5' splice site of intron 6 of SHM1, causing aberrant spl
202 sequence in the U1 snRNA, which binds to the 5' splice site of introns, effectively reversing the rol
203 teractions within U1 snRNP, and show how the 5' splice site of pre-mRNA is recognised by U1 snRNP.
206 r of miRNAs occurs in close proximity to the 5' splice site of the previously identified 7.2-kb stabl
209 (3aAG>AT) containing a point mutation in the 5' splicing site of exon 3a (3aAG > AT); and (iii) Ccalp
210 S1+1G-->A) which is predicted to destroy the 5'-splice site of exon 1 and remove the start methionine
211 utations in tau are silent, are found at the 5'-splice site of exon 10, and lead to increased inclusi
212 se that the UAYYUU motif hybridizes with the 5' splice site on the SL2 RNA to recruit the SL to the p
213 well as the positive effect of a downstream 5' splice site on trans-splicing in nematode extracts co
214 ns and demonstrated that mutation of the E1B 5' splice site or branchpoint abrogates intrasplicing.
215 site, with only interactions closest to the 5' splice site persisting to the 5' exon intermediate an
217 s widespread context-dependent robustness to 5' splice site polymorphisms in human transcriptomes.
218 fied signals that could modify the impact of 5' splice site polymorphisms, most notably a strong 3' s
219 ption-coupled splicing of RNAs in which weak 5' splice sites predominate, enabling diversification of
220 nteractions with the 5' exon adjacent to the 5' splice site, prior to the first step of splicing.
222 e-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing requires 5' splice site recognition by U1 small nuclear RNA (snRN
224 nd timing of snRNA interactions required for 5' splice site recognition prior to the first step of pr
231 endonuclease and show that catalysis at the 5' splice site requires the conserved cation-pi sandwich
233 SM induces splicing of STAT1 at a novel 5' splice site, resulting in a STAT1 mRNA incapable of p
234 T mutation activates an internal alternative 5' splice site, resulting in formation of the disease-ca
235 477C>T (3849+10 kb C>T), which creates a new 5' splice site, resulting in splicing to a cryptic exon
236 al U1-snRNP proteins in governing the fungal 5' splice site RNA-RNA interaction compared to the numbe
237 conserved catalytic triad is protonated upon 5'-splice-site scission, promoting a reversible structur
238 ly, untranslated region activated HPV16 late 5'-splice site SD3632 and resulted in production of HPV1
239 NAs that bypassed the suppressed HPV16 late, 5'-splice site SD3632; produced elevated levels of RNA-b
240 Together, these results demonstrate that 5' splice site selection in LMNA is determined by an int
243 RCE 1, functions to regulate the alternative 5' splice site selection of Bcl-x pre-mRNA, and is requi
244 nts using pre-mRNAs that undergo alternative 5' splice site selection or alternative exon inclusion.
245 To identify the cis-elements involved in 5' splice site selection we cloned a minigene, which inc
246 totic Bcl-x(L), are produced via alternative 5' splice site selection within exon 2 of Bcl-x pre-mRNA
247 at the level of RNA splicing via alternative 5' splice site selection within exon 2 to produce either
248 ry demonstrated that ceramide regulated this 5' splice site selection, inducing the production of Bcl
249 Because snRNP70 is a key early regulator of 5' splice site selection, our results suggest a model in
252 The lariat is important for the fidelity of 5' splice-site selection and consists of a 2'-5' phospho
253 r, a double-point mutation in the NRS pseudo-5' splice site sequence converted it into a functional 5
255 urther show that alternative exons with weak 5' splice site sequences specifically show a strong corr
257 n of this additional SR protein contacts the 5' splice site specifically in the mature spliceosome.
258 we have previously demonstrated that a weak 5' splice site (ss) serves as the major cause of skippin
259 suboptimal features, which cause the intron 5' splice site (ss) to interact weakly with U1 snRNA and
260 ription/splicing factor, associates with the 5' splice site (SS) within large complexes present in He
262 A splicing, when the branch site attacks the 5' splice site (SS), and the second step, when the 5' ex
263 spliceosome complexes revealed mechanisms of 5'-splice site (ss) recognition, branching, and intron r
265 ach, we demonstrate that the combined 3' and 5' splice site strengths of internal exons provide a muc
266 hPrp8, did not cross-link to the NRS pseudo-5' splice site, suggesting that the tri-snRNP complex wa
268 and U1/U11 snRNPs and functions as a pseudo-5' splice site that interacts with and sequesters 3' spl
269 1 pre-mRNA, directing utilization of a novel 5' splice site that is used only in the presence of SM.
270 on, as well as strong secondary structure at 5' splice sites that correlates with unspliced events.
271 he spliceosome work together to identify the 5 splice site, the 3 splice site, and the branchsite (BS
272 lose proximity to either the DM20 or the PLP 5' splice site, the ISE recruits U1snRNP to both splice
273 abrogates binding of U1 snRNP to the genuine 5' splice site, thereby preventing excision of the third
274 2 increases U1 snRNP recruitment to the weak 5' splice site through direct interaction between its C-
276 II promoter, a neomycin-resistance gene, and 5'-splice site) typically produced mutagenized clones in
280 ied out a systematic analysis of alternative 5' splice site usage using in vitro splicing assays.
281 y sequence of the pre-mRNA is a predictor of 5' splice site usage, with the distal position favored o
283 ownstream of a heterologous exon with a weak 5' splice site was capable of repressing exon inclusion.
284 the patterns of nuclease protection at this 5' splice site, we find that the interaction of U1 is al
288 rved sequence element (alpha) located near a 5' splice site, which greatly increases use of this 5' s
289 plicing sequence in intron 2 adjacent to the 5' splice site, which is essential in regulating exon 2
290 n unusual splice-site mutation in the exon 1 5' splice site, which leads to loss of the Kozac sequenc
291 omopolymers (polyribonucleotides) and to the 5'-splice site, which overrides the binding of SC35 to t
293 by diminishing the selection of the Bcl-x(L) 5' splice site with a concomitant increase in Bcl-x(s) 5
295 ms, PLP1 and DM20, due to alternative use of 5' splice sites with the same acceptor site in intron 3.
296 of KDR is activated by blocking the upstream 5' splicing site with an antisense morpholino oligomer.
297 rosslinking group is placed further from the 5' splice site, with only interactions closest to the 5'
298 his sequence shifts splicing to a downstream 5' splice site within a heterologous pre-mRNA substrate
299 nuclear RNA and ten proteins, recognize the 5' splice site within precursor messenger RNAs and initi