ライフサイエンスコーパス: BK channel

1 to a well-characterized pore blocker of the BK channel.

2 ncreases calcium-dependent activation of the BK channel.

3 ion permeation gate at the cytosolic side of BK channel.

4 effect of beta4 on kinase modulation of the BK channel.

5 lectively disrupts ethanol modulation of the BK channel.

6 close apposition of ryanodine receptors and BK channels.

7 ls, which in turn are specifically linked to BK channels.

8 blished, little is known about how they open BK channels.

9 y of recombinant and prostate adenocarcinoma BK channels.

10 1 reduced the membrane surface expression of BK channels.

11 g was used to assess functionality of mutant BK channels.

12 acological inhibitors or shRNA knock-down of BK channels.

13 ividual VGCCs, of A-type VGKCs and of SK and BK channels.

14 al, depression of excitability via clustered BK channels.

15 g the pore of heterologously expressed human BK channels.

16 isengagement of the gamma1-F273S mutant from BK channels.

17 2+)- and voltage-gated (Slo1) big potassium (BK) channel.

18 a(2+)-activated, and voltage dependent K(+) (BK) channels.

19 the activity of Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels.

20 the activity of Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels.

21 ant two-pore domain (K2P) and big potassium (BK) channels.

22 alcium- and voltage-dependent big potassium (BK) channels.

23 uctance, voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels.

24 mal large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels, a critical negative feedback mechanism tha

25 cortical/medullary collecting duct, whereas BK channel abundance increased in principal cells of the

26 mSlo1 and further developed a model in which BK channels act as a calcium sensor capable of quantitat

27 n mallotoxin and the gamma subunits in their BK channel-activating effects in membrane patches excise

28 oteolysis, leading to the down-regulation of BK channel activation and impaired coronary function in

29 We show that BK channel activation and subsequent phosphorylation of

30 angement allows tight tracking between local BK channel activation and the gating of CaV1.3 channels

31 ugh direct interaction, how ethanol-mediated BK channel activation causes behavioral intoxication is

32 Our study suggests that BK channel activation stimulates the TRPML1-BK positive

33 on via a fast afterhyperpolarization through BK channel activation.

34 Mallotoxin is a potent small-molecule BK channel activator.

35 for the future development of beta1-specific BK channel activators.

36 llosterically coupled to each other, control BK channel activity and are potential targets for regula

37 We conclude that BK channel activity directly affects vascular tone but i

38 determine the significance of smooth muscle BK channel activity for blood pressure regulation, we in

39 unit surface trafficking controls functional BK channel activity in arterial myocytes and vascular co

40 wed diminished spontaneous Ca(2+) sparks and BK channel activity in bladder and urethra SMCs.

41 dulation, allowing a variety of outcomes for BK channel activity in response to acute alcohol.

42 nockout (dKO) mice to genetically upregulate BK channel activity in the absence of FMRP and determine

43 ice were generated to genetically upregulate BK channel activity in the absence of FMRP.

44 BK channel activity is tightly regulated by its accessor

45 C mice, implying that impaired smooth muscle BK channel activity lowers blood pressure in these anima

46 We provide evidence that augmented BK channel activity manifests as increased intrinsic exc

47 ur studies thus suggest that upregulation of BK channel activity normalizes multi-level deficits caus

48 Genetic upregulation of BK channel activity via deletion of BKbeta4 normalized a

49 Genetic upregulation of BK channel activity via deletion of BKbeta4 was sufficie

50 onses is, in part, due to METH regulation of BK channel activity.

51 vel large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel agonist that shifts the activation V1/2 of t

52 ysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and whether BK channel agonists rescue abnormal lysosomal storage in

53 s expressing both alpha- and beta1-subunits, BK channel alpha-subunits were endogenously S-acylated.

54 arge-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channel alpha and auxiliary beta1 subunits that are

55 m channels), recent findings have shown that BK channels also contribute to inhibition in basal, high

56 of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels also result in tremor and motor disorders.

57 role of MuRF1 in the regulation of vascular BK channel and coronary function has not been examined.

58 tion, surface trafficking of beta1 subunits, BK channel and transient BK current activation, and vaso

59 ced reduction of whole cell BK currents, and BK channels and ANG-II receptors were found to co-locali

60 flash photolysis of caged Ca(2+) to activate BK channels and determine their intrinsic sensitivity to

61 s of CaV1.3 channels surrounding clusters of BK channels and forming a multi-channel complex both in

62 -frequency (apical) OHCs that do not express BK channels and from immature high-frequency OHCs before

63 echanism by which a vasoconstrictor inhibits BK channels and identify Rab11A serine 177 as a modulato

64 mary mechanism by which NO activates myocyte BK channels and induces vasodilation.

65 ntains functional coupling between RyR2s and BK channels and is critically important for cerebral art

66 In certain ligand-gated channels, such as BK channels and MthK, a Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel fr

67 lization of calcium channels with respect to BK channels and presynaptic release components significa

68 We induced C-type inactivation in BK channels and studied the relationship between activat

69 mediate its behavioral effects by targeting BK channels and their coupled calcium channels.

70 ET-1 inhibited single BK channels and transient BK currents in myocytes and st

71 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels and Kv3.3 voltage-gated potassium channels

72 ), voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels and their modulatory beta-subunits are able

73 he channel through the central cavity of the BK channel, and that only a single PAX molecule can inte

74 alling pathways such as K(+) release through BK channels, and the production and release of arachidon

75 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels, and this effect is mediated through the cA

76 Blocking BK channels with the specific BK channel antagonist paxilline significantly increased

77 eases in mIPSC frequency by either selective BK channel antagonists or ethanol were not accompanied w

78 ltage clamp, and their response to selective BK channel antagonists, channel activators, or ethanol w

79 While it is known that BK channels are activated by voltage and Ca(2+), and tha

80 corded from high-frequency OHCs that express BK channels are briefer than IPSCs recorded from low-fre

81 In the first cluster, T-type Ca(2+) and BK channels are coupled within distances of ~20 nm (200

82 e-conductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-gated Slo1 BK channels are directly activated by nanomolar levels o

83 Given that clustered BK channels are functionally coupled to, and localize ne

84 Second, BK channels are positioned in clusters away from the vol

85 der high-calorie conditions, suggesting that BK channels are promising drug targets for pharmacothera

86 Our results indicate that BK channels are strongly modulated by activation of spec

87 BK channels are tetrameric.

88 arge-conductance calcium-activated potassium BK channels are widely expressed in the brain and are in

89 big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel are preferentially expressed by electrosenso

90 Large conductance calcium-activated (BK) channels are broadly expressed in neurons and muscle

91 ctance calcium (Ca)(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels are functionally significant modulators of

92 ductance Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels are involved in a large variety of physiolo

93 uctance voltage- and calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channels are key physiological players in muscle, ne

94 ce calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels are potently modified by their functional c

95 arge conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels are S-acylated at two sites that impart dis

96 Large-conductance potassium (BK) channels are transmembrane (TM) proteins that can be

97 dependent and calcium-activated K(+) (MaxiK, BK) channels are widely expressed in many tissues and or

98 ge-gated K(+) channels of large conductance (BK channels) are expressed in a diverse variety of both

99 Furthermore, BK channels as well as purinergic receptors were shown t

100 The functional expression of both VGCCs and BK channels, as well as their localization with respect

101 a single PAX molecule can interact with the BK channel at a time.

102 Silencing BK channel auxiliary beta3 subunit significantly attenua

103 ppeared to be mediated through activation of BK channels, because the effects of ML-SA1 on Tat-mediat

104 eted mouse model with global ablation of the BK channel (BK(L1/L1)) and adipocyte-specific BK-deficie

105 r voltage dependence and their response to a BK channel blocker or opener.

106 Furthermore, following bath application of BK channel blockers for 10 min, ethanol failed to furthe

107 Bath application of either BK channel blockers significantly increased the frequenc

108 spike frequency, a mechanism independent of BK channels but dependent on background non-selective co

109 In arterial smooth muscle, ANG-II inhibits BK channels, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are

110 iary gamma1-3 subunits potently modulate the BK channel by shifting its voltage-dependence of channel

111 Test the hypothesis that ET-1 inhibits BK channels by altering BKalpha and beta1 surface traffi

112 ominent slow C-type inactivation/recovery in BK channels by an extreme low concentration of extracell

113 gest METH exposure decreased the activity of BK channels by decreasing BK-alpha subunit levels at the

114 veal an all-or-none functional regulation of BK channels by gamma-subunits: channels either exhibit a

115 nd thus may contribute to the suppression of BK channels by mAChRs.

116 rdation protein (FMRP) and that FMRP acts on BK channels by modulating the channel's gating kinetics.

117 PAX inhibits BK channels by selective interaction with closed states.

118 We found that METH decreased the activity of BK channels by stimulating BK-alpha subunit trafficking.

119 ted large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel by associated gamma1-subunits.

120 We concluded that BK channel C-type inactivation is closed state-dependent

121 However, we found that the BK channel C-type inactivation occurred during hyperpola

122 rface beta1 subunits leads to a reduction in BK channel calcium-sensitivity, inhibition of transient

123 t cations sensed by a large structure in the BK channel called the "gating ring," which is formed by

124 the cells with blockers of either the NSC or BK channels, caused a strong inhibition of the A23187-in

125 By measuring gating currents in BK channels coexpressed with chimeras between beta1 and

126 uctance, calcium- and voltage-activated K(+)(BK) channel consists of the pore-forming alpha subunits

127 Together, these findings indicate that BK channels contribute to postsynaptic function, and inf

128 Therefore, microglia-specific BK channels contribute to the generation of MIH and anti

129 nductance Ca(2+) and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channels control membrane excitability in many cell

130 /voltage-gated, large conductance potassium (BK) channels control numerous physiological processes, i

131 ethanol on GABA release and that presynaptic BK channels could serve as a target for ethanol effects

132 The molecular mechanisms of AT1R and BK channel coupling were investigated in co-transfected

133 Ca(2+)-activated and voltage-dependent K(+) (BK) channels, critical for mucociliary function in the a

134 elevated membrane expression of BKalpha and BK channel current.

135 ibition of S-acylation attenuated endogenous BK channel currents independently of changes in cell sur

136 d, large-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel currents.

137 de that functional effects of S-acylation on BK channels depend on the presence of beta1-subunits.

138 an BK channel rescued intoxication and other BK channel-dependent behaviors in a slo-1-null mutant ba

139 T352I mutant BK channel selectively rescued BK channel-dependent behaviors while conveying resistanc

140 This mutation did not interfere with other BK channel-dependent behaviors, suggesting that the muta

141 We here identify, for the first time, a BK channel-dependent molecular synaptic mechanism leadin

142 hat of large conductance, Ca(2+)-gated K(+) (BK) channels despite the lack of sequence similarity.

143 e of the mechanisms responsible for creating BK channel diversity fundamental to the adequate functio

144 We reveal that BK channels do not play a significant role in the genera

145 ch-clamp recordings confirmed that the human BK channel engineered with the T352I missense mutation w

146 On the other hand, activating TRPML1 and BK channels enhanced cellular degradation of exogenous T

147 The large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel, expressed abundantly in vascular smooth mus

148 rect upregulation of ENaC, whereas increased BK channel expression has a less significant role.

149 for BK channels, viral-mediated increases in BK channel expression in SCA1 Purkinje neurons improves

150 uency OHCs before the developmental onset of BK channel expression.

151 studies in Xenopus oocytes that co-expressed BK channel-forming (cbv1) and accessory beta1 subunits c

152 big conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channel forms a physical and functional coupling wit

153 2+)]i Constitutively open mutation prevented BK channels from C-type inactivation.

154 e protein, promotes the trafficking of SLO-1 BK channels from the ER to the plasma membrane by shield

155 latory gamma subunits, LRRC26 and LRRC52, to BK channel function and localization in mouse IHCs.

156 ght the importance of not only CFTR but also BK channel function in maintaining ASL homeostasis and e

157 However, BK channel function is impaired in diabetic vessels by i

158 Minimal alterations in BK channel function may contribute to the pathophysiolog

159 a on aldosterone regulation by renal/adrenal BK channel function, BKbeta1(-/-) strain A mice have inc

160 Although some diversity in BK channel function, localization, and regulation appare

161 ownregulates CFTR activity but also inhibits BK channel function, thereby causing ASL depletion.

162 n pharmaceutical applications for modulating BK channel function.

163 yer of complexity to the mechanisms by which BK channel functional diversity is generated.

164 that arterial myocytes express a functional BK channel gamma subunit.

165 estigating the effects of internal Ca(2+) on BK channel gating currents.

166 he Ca(2+)- and voltage-sensing mechanisms on BK channel gating is still debated.

167 erfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of endogenous BK channels had similar effects.

168 Inhibiting Kv2 or BK channels had very different effects on spike shape an

169 ne KCNMA1, encoding the alpha-subunit of the BK channel have emerged as responsible for a variety of

170 ce lacking the pore-forming alpha-subunit of BK channels have longer IPSCs than do the OHCs of BKalph

171 nductance voltage and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel have a key role in the ethanol effect on GPe

172 We record from human BK channels heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells co

173 s expression system, Mel activates the human BK channel (hSlo1) in a membrane-delimited manner in the

174 K channel-specific mechanism in wild-type or BK channel-humanized Caenorhabditis elegans.

175 ermined (i) a basic extracellular map of the BK channel, (ii) beta1-subunit-induced rearrangements of

176 Importantly, ABHD17a deacylates BK channels in a site-specific manner because it has no

177 ed role for glucocorticoids in regulation of BK channels in airway epithelial cells.

178 First, we identified BK channels in dopamine neurons by their voltage depende

179 how that 1) LINGO1 coimmunoprecipitated with BK channels in human brain, 2) coexpression of LINGO1 an

180 We assessed the role of BK channels in modulating the action of ethanol on inhib

181 In summary, we demonstrate a novel role for BK channels in regulating glutamatergic transmission and

182 s leads to the sole activation of microglial BK channels in the spinal cord.

183 Furthermore, positive modulation of BK channels in vivo can enhance short-term habituation.

184 big conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channel in regulating endolysosome pH, as well as Ta

185 ce calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels in spontaneous and secretagogue-induced act

186 conductance calcium- and voltage-activated (BK) channels in spontaneous and secretagogue-induced act

187 lpha10nAChRs) in OHCs and I(K,n) and I(K,f) (BK channels) in IHCs.

188 ce voltage- and calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels inhibiting channel activity independently o

189 requency-current (f-I) relationship, whereas BK channel inhibition had little effect on the f-I slope

190 n to iberiotoxin and vasodilation to NS1619, BK channel inhibitors and activators, respectively.

191 effect on GPe neurons, as the application of BK channel inhibitors blocked the ethanol-induced firing

192 Site(s) and mechanism(s) of ethanol-BK channel interaction are unknown.

193 emains unclear, however, to what extent FMRP-BK channel interactions contribute to synaptic and circu

194 to evoke the observed voltage waveform, the BK channel is functionally redundant whereas hERG is ess

195 CaV-channel dependent activation of BK channels is critical for feedback control of both cal

196 cation of LTB4 as a highly potent ligand for BK channels is critical for the future development of be

197 s of regulatory proteins, beta and gamma, in BK channels is exclusive or independent.

198 voltage-dependent gating and pore opening in BK channels is modulated to a great extent by the intera

199 The open probability of BK channels is regulated by the intracellular concentrat

200 This PAX-binding pose in closed BK channels is supported by additional functional result

201 ductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel is an important determinant of vascular tone

202 a-specific subtype of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel is responsible for generation of MIH and ant

203 ge-activated potassium channel, known as the BK channel, is one of the central proteins that mediate

204 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel lacks a classic intracellular bundle-crossin

205 ype VGCCs, high-voltage activated VGKCs, and BK channels, leading to Ca(2+) spikes.

206 cluding endothelin-1 (ET-1), inhibit myocyte BK channels, leading to contraction, but mechanisms invo

207 wo enzymes, ABHD17a and ABHD17c, that excise BK channel lipid groups with remarkable precision.

208 Furthermore, the absence of LRRC52 disrupted BK channel localization in the IHCs.

209 BK channels localize in the cilia of surface cells.

210 ifying endolysosomes by activating TRPML1 or BK channels may provide therapeutic benefit against late

211 ke repolarization and a persistently reduced BK channel mediated afterhyperpolarization (AHP), repeti

212 st step for designing agents that antagonize BK channel-mediated alcohol actions without perturbing b

213 While METH suppressed the amplitude of BK channel-mediated unitary currents, the BK channel ope

214 s reduced BK-beta1 expression and diminished BK channel-mediated vasodilation.

215 activities preserved BK-beta1 expression and BK-channel-mediated coronary vasodilation in diabetic mi

216 idence from previous studies indicating that BK channels might play a critical role in habituation.

217 ogether, these results suggest that blocking BK channels mimics the effects of ethanol on GABA releas

218 it effectively interferes with mallotoxin on BK channel modulation via either a direct steric competi

219 ese studies indicate that a loss-of-function BK channel mutation causes ataxia and acts by reducing m

220 Functionally, blockade of nuclear BK channels (nBK channels) induces NE-derived Ca(2+) rel

221 ild-type mice but are profoundly impaired in BK channel-null mice.

222 cell-specific, physiological roles served by BK channels of different subunit composition.

223 tance, calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) on the NE of rodent hippocampal neurons.

224 d BK channel open probability via increasing BK channel open frequency, but not through prolonging it

225 Ethanol also increased BK channel open probability measured in single-channel r

226 on of the BKbeta4 subunit alleviated reduced BK channel open probability via increasing BK channel op

227 nel analyses revealed that FMRP loss reduced BK channel open probability, and this defect was compens

228 alcohol increases both alpha and alphabeta4 BK channel open probability, but only alpha BK develops

229 at large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channel open probability was reduced by loss of frag

230 Addition of the BK channel opener NS11021 directly activated channels in

231 of BK channel-mediated unitary currents, the BK channel opener NS1619 attenuated the effects of METH

232 ndent constitutive openness, we propose that BK channel opening involves structural rearrangement of

233 ammalian Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channel opening.

234 C. elegans, loss of function in SLO-1, the BK channel ortholog, confers profound ethanol resistance

235 Thus, a potent BK channel peptide modulator is open to neurological app

236 de convincing evidence for a crucial role of BK channel phosphorylation in synaptic depression underl

237 Angiotensin II (ANG-II) and BK channels play important roles in the regulation of bl

238 ce calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels play an important role in generating functi

239 uctance, Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent K(+) (BK) channels play an important role in this process.

240 analysis of the interaction of PAX with the BK channel pore gate domain guided by recently available

241 eins, of the intracellular S0-S1 loop of the BK channel pore-forming alpha-subunit controls functiona

242 tive membrane potentials and for appropriate BK channel positioning.

243 molecular events downstream of cGMP involve BK channels present in cardiomyocytes or in other cardia

244 The number of BK channels progressively decreases with age in the IHCs

245 Voltage- and calcium-dependent BK channels regulate calcium-dependent cellular events s

246 BK channel regulation by direct interaction between lipi

247 Blocking BK channels relieves voltage-dependent magnesium block o

248 Drugs targeting BK channel represent a potential therapeutic approach fo

249 n of wild-type versions of the worm or human BK channel rescued intoxication and other BK channel-dep

250 n human brain, 2) coexpression of LINGO1 and BK channels resulted in rapidly inactivating BK currents

251 We hypothesized that the BK channel's activation gate may spatially overlap or co

252 the selectivity filter, we propose that the BK channel's normal closing may represent an early confo

253 cesses this site in presence of calcium, the BK channel's physiological agonist.

254 worm T381I or equivalent human T352I mutant BK channel selectively rescued BK channel-dependent beha

255 The mutation in the BK channel selectivity filter dramatically reduced singl

256 ent kinetic properties, with fast-activating BK channels serving to short-circuit activation of Kv2 c

257 experiments showed that loss of Ca(2+) spark-BK channel signaling in Mcoln1 (-/-) mice rendered both

258 We identified the Caenorhabditis elegans BK channel SLO-1 as a molecular target of the Mel recept

259 does not alter the expression of either the BK channel SLO-1 or the Shaker type potassium channel SH

260 bditis elegans, mutations that eliminate the BK channel, SLO-1, convey dramatic resistance to intoxic

261 LS3 suppresses locomotor activity via a BK channel-specific mechanism in wild-type or BK channel

262 th large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channels, specifically their auxiliary beta4 subunit

263 channels were co-expressed in the same cell, BK channels started activating near -50 mV, 30 mV more n

264 0 mM) modify Ca(2+)- and voltage-gated K(+) (BK) channel steady-state activity, eventually altering b

265 tor for measurements of distances within the BK channel structure in a living cell.

266 anded (open) and metal-free (closed) Aplysia BK channel structures.

267 We hypothesized that LINGO1 is a regulatory BK channel subunit.

268 ual role: they both support release and fuel BK channels, suggesting that at immature stages presynap

269 y blockade of either SK or BK channels, with BK channels supporting faster synaptic waveforms and SK

270 canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates BK channel surface expression in a protein synthesis-dep

271 Here we report a novel BK channel-targeted peptide with functional activity in

272 the S-acylated S0-S1 domain conserved in all BK channels that controls membrane trafficking and is de

273 regulatory subunits, beta and gamma, define BK channels that span a diverse range of functional prop

274 big-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels that form physical and functional coupling

275 rge-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels that modulate AP width.

276 duration by changing alternative splicing of BK channels; this requires nuclear export of the splicin

277 subunit of the calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel; this interaction increases calcium-dependen

278 st that Mel promotes sleep by activating the BK channel through a specific Mel receptor and Gbetalamb

279 results strongly suggest that AT1R regulates BK channels through a close protein-protein interaction

280 Although ethanol targets BK channels through direct interaction, how ethanol-medi

281 late the multisubunit composition of surface BK channels to stimulate contraction is unclear.

282 affinity is higher than known high affinity BK channel toxins.

283 Our study thus indicates that the control of BK channel trafficking is a critical regulatory mechanis

284 and large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels (U251 cells), resulted in time-dependent in

285 BK channel upregulation was also sufficient to correct e

286 resent the external architectural details of BK channels using lanthanide-based resonance energy tran

287 is drug selectively targets beta1-containing BK channels via the BK beta1 steroid-sensing site.

288 Supporting a critical role for BK channels, viral-mediated increases in BK channel expr

289 down did not alter Ca(2+) sparks but reduced BK channel voltage sensitivity, which decreased channel

290 that the sole AT1R expression could decrease BK channel voltage sensitivity.

291 n of the Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK) channel was identified in morbidly obese men carryin

292 tential sites of interaction of PAX with the BK channel, we undertook a computational analysis of the

293 conformational changes in BK-type potassium (BK) channels, we examined consequences of Cd(2+) coordin

294 iated by large conductance, Ca(2+)-activated BK channels, were reduced by nearly 80% (P<0.01) and 25%

295 esults suggest that LINGO1 is a regulator of BK channels, which causes a "functional knockdown" of th

296 e in a BK complex therefore allow a range of BK channels with distinct functional properties tuned by

297 plitude of eIPSCs, whereas the activation of BK channels with the channel opener NS1619 reversibly at

298 Blocking BK channels with the specific BK channel antagonist paxi

299 OHCs is altered by blockade of either SK or BK channels, with BK channels supporting faster synaptic

300 sites resulted in constitutively open mutant BK channels, with high open probability at negative volt