ライフサイエンスコーパス: Bergmann

1 Bergmann glia (BG) accumulated these LC-NA signals by in

2 Bergmann glia and retinal Muller cells, nonforebrain ast

3 Bergmann glia-specific expression of mutant ataxin-7 was

4 Bergmann glial cells (BGs), astrocytes of the cerebellar

5 Bergmann glial processes are abnormal and GFAP-positive

6 Bergmann's rule is well known, namely that warm-blooded

7 Bergmann's rule predicts that individuals have larger bo

8 rya of radial cells in the telencephalon; 2) Bergmann glia in the cerebellum; 3) astrocytes; 4) tanic

9 Using paired recordings of a Bergmann glial cell and a granule cell in the whole cell

10 in Bergmann glia development by utilizing a Bergmann glial culture preparation.

11 ted with the breaches in the BM and abnormal Bergmann glial networks during postnatal cerebellar deve

12 In addition, Bergmann glia were TUNEL positive at P21, and they expre

13 rasynaptic transmission from PFs to adjacent Bergmann glia (BG).

14 ation of quantum mechanics, due to Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz are discussed in terms of weak va

15 tor trafficking to neuronal locomotion along Bergmann glial fibers in the developing cerebellum.

16 process, granule neurons (GNs) migrate along Bergmann glia (BG), which are specialized astroglial cel

17 O mice, possibly as a consequence of altered Bergmann glia orientation or reduced granule cell number

18 pressed in both Purkinje cells (GluR2/3) and Bergmann glia (GluR4) throughout postnatal development.

19 The results demonstrate that astrocytes and Bergmann glia cells are the first cells of the brain par

20 in-1 is found in perivascular astrocytes and Bergmann glia, and is not PSD-enriched.

21 PA receptors expressed by Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia cells are activated predominantly by synap

22 ity traces for up to >100 Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia from single recordings.

23 ved in cerebellar cortex: Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia were positive for both subunits, whereas g

24 elopmental interaction of Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia.

25 involves the generation of granule cells and Bergmann glias (BGs).

26 but is restricted to proliferating GCPs and Bergmann glia.

27 important counterexamples to both James' and Bergmann's temperature-size rules, respectively, undermi

28 vivo results in deficient granule neuron and Bergmann glia differentiation as well as in abnormal Pur

29 ings were obtained from Purkinje neurons and Bergmann glia in mouse cerebellar slices to determine th

30 as also detected in both granule neurons and Bergmann glia.

31 tion of ventricular zone-derived neurons and Bergmann glia.

32 Cre driver in cerebellar granule neurons and Bergmann glial cells.

33 was broadly distributed in both neurons and Bergmann glial radial fibers.

34 ht link between copper homeostasis in PN and Bergmann glia.

35 urkinje cells, Purkinje axonal torpedoes and Bergmann gliosis.

36 As Bergmann glial membranes are excluded from the synaptic

37 A biogeographic component, known as Bergmann's rule, describes the preponderance, across tax

38 c interpretation of empirical clines such as Bergmann's Rule.

39 protein, expressed in astrocytes as well as Bergmann glia.

40 the fine processes of cerebellar astrocytes (Bergmann glia).

41 and/or cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, Bergmann glia, and neurons, as well as relationships bet

42 kinje cell synapses during early ages and at Bergmann glia plasma membrane in the adult.

43 es indicates that the glutamate transient at Bergmann glial membranes reaches a lower concentration t

44 s high-concentration glutamate transients at Bergmann glia cell membranes that are necessary to activ

45 by two classical principles of biogeography: Bergmann's and Allen's rules.

46 that endotherms tend to have larger bodies (Bergmann's rule) and shorter appendages (Allen's rule) i

47 hese results provide strong support for both Bergmann's and Cope's rules, trends that are less studie

48 is expressed by virtually all astrocytes, by Bergmann glial cells in cerebellum, by Muller cells in r

49 ell dendritic growth and their enwrapping by Bergmann glia.

50 nd that sustained beta-catenin expression by Bergmann glia (BG) correlated with their decreased adeno

51 evolution in modern birds was influenced by Bergmann's rule during Cenozoic climatic change.

52 cytosolic Ca(2+) regulates uptake of K(+) by Bergmann glia, thus providing a powerful mechanism for c

53 an alteration of glutamate uptake played by Bergmann glia.

54 d with body mass and varying as predicted by Bergmann's Rule.

55 ensheathment of CF/Purkinje cell synapses by Bergmann glia.

56 , clearance of glutamate relies on uptake by Bergmann glial cells and Purkinje cells (PCs).

57 e neuronal GABA(A) receptors were wrapped by Bergmann glia processes containing glial GABA(A) recepto

58 stence of radial glia (RG)-like cells called Bergmann glia (BG) are hallmarks of the mammalian cerebe

59 two patients showed loss of Purkinje cells, Bergmann gliosis and deep cerebellar white matter inflam

60 Cerebellar Bergmann glia are radial astrocytes that are implicated

61 is expressed in newborn and adult cerebellar Bergmann glia astrocytes.

62 tical basal radial glia (bRG) and cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) are basal progenitors derived from ve

63 ncephalic radial glia, as well as cerebellar Bergmann glia.

64 found that synaptic engulfment by cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) frequently occurred upon cerebellum-d

65 utamate transporters expressed by cerebellar Bergmann glial cells are activated by neurotransmitter r

66 amate to outside-out patches from cerebellar Bergmann glia activates anion-potentiated glutamate tran

67 beta2 and beta3, are expressed in cerebellar Bergmann glia as well as granule neurons.

68 prenatally but became enriched in cerebellar Bergmann glia early postnatally and then was also presen

69 ocytes, microglia, and subsets of cerebellar Bergmann glia, spinal motor neurons, macrophages, and de

70 Focusing on cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) cells, which exhibit the highest rate

71 r, quantal events recorded in rat cerebellar Bergmann glial cells (BGs) have fast kinetics, comparabl

72 Recent studies have shown that cerebellar Bergmann glia display coordinated Ca(2+) transients in l

73 nd was particularly strong in the cerebellar Bergmann glia.

74 In the cerebellum, Bergmann glia cells (BGs) are intimately associated with

75 The second is to establish the correct Bergmann glia morphology, which is crucial for granule c

76 ith impaired glutamate transport in cultured Bergmann glia, cerebellar slices and cerebellar synaptos

77 The first morphologically definable Bergmann glia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were als

78 as well as the importance of time-dependent Bergmann glia differentiation during cerebellar developm

79 nted folia, profound granule cell depletion, Bergmann gliosis, and signs of Purkinje cell deafferenta

80 n marker, but was present in differentiating Bergmann glia that expressed brain lipid binding protein

81 and decreased the number of differentiating Bergmann glia, without significantly altering the non-gl

82 -8a mutation in mice results in disorganized Bergmann glial scaffolding, defective granule cell migra

83 owed severe ataxia associated with disrupted Bergmann fiber scaffold formation, impaired granule neur

84 either trait than those predicted by either Bergmann's or Allen's rule alone.

85 ts that Ric-8a is essential for the enhanced Bergmann glia-basement membrane adhesion required for fi

86 We examined Bergmann's and Cope's rules in this group by combining p

87 For example, Bergmann's rule predicts that homeothermic animals, incl

88 change because modern coyotes do not follow Bergmann's rule, which states body size increases with d

89 We find no evidence for Bergmann's rule in Mesozoic dinosaurs or mammaliaforms,

90 times on the Rotarod, suggesting a role for Bergmann glia-expressed Punc in the cerebellar control o

91 Critical correlative support for Bergmann's ecogeographic rule is provided by symmetrical

92 Here, we test for Bergmann's rule in Mesozoic dinosaurs and mammaliaforms

93 ic neurons and defects in fissure formation, Bergmann glia organization and basement membrane integri

94 r release sites located directly across from Bergmann glial membranes.

95 ressed in Bergmann glia, Lphn3 deletion from Bergmann glia did not detectably impair excitatory or in

96 ll patch-clamp recordings were obtained from Bergmann glia in mice cerebellar slices to determine whe

97 NBC mRNA was present in glial cells (e.g., Bergmann glia of cerebellum and hippocampal astrocytes)

98 ease may provide a geographical cue to guide Bergmann glia cell membranes to surround active synapses

99 lar K(+) evoked by agonist-induced Ca(2+) in Bergmann glia transiently increased spike activity of Pu

100 study addresses the function of caspase-3 in Bergmann glia development by utilizing a Bergmann glial

101 hat directed expression of polyQ-ataxin-7 in Bergmann glia (BG) in transgenic mice leads to ataxia an

102 and generated mice that express ataxin-7 in Bergmann glia of the cerebellum with the Gfa2 promoter.

103 e glomerular layer of olfactory bulbs and in Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.

104 supporting the notion of complementarity in Bergmann's and Allen's rules.

105 y glutamate transporter-mediated currents in Bergmann glia cells follow the rules of synaptic release

106 ceptor and glutamate transporter currents in Bergmann glia that have a rapid onset, suggesting that g

107 abnormalities result from primary defects in Bergmann glia since mutations in granule cells do not sh

108 e transporter currents were also elicited in Bergmann glial cells and Purkinje neurons of the cerebel

109 receptor subunit is expressed exclusively in Bergmann glia in the adult rodent.

110 rotein gamma-5, which is highly expressed in Bergmann glia, a cell type possessing only CP-AMPARs.

111 tal cerebellar Lphn3 protein is expressed in Bergmann glia, Lphn3 deletion from Bergmann glia did not

112 ar glutamate transporter GLAST, expressed in Bergmann glia, only fall progressively from 3 months onw

113 tic glutamate transporter GLAST expressed in Bergmann glia.

114 nt with positive immunostaining for GlyT1 in Bergmann glia while inhibitors of glycine transport thro

115 Furthermore, loss of Huwe1 in Bergmann glia leads to extensive disorganization of this

116 oscopy demonstrate a significant increase in Bergmann glia volume in the molecular layer of Astn2 KO

117 In addition, the protein was induced in Bergmann glia and scattered microglia/macrophages in the

118 HO-1 was induced in Bergmann glia in the vermis of cerebellum.

119 nd gamma1 immunoreactivity were localized in Bergmann glia processes that wrapped Purkinje cell somat

120 from climbing fiber release are observed in Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellar cortex.

121 erebellar cortex, APOE mRNA was seen only in Bergmann glial cells and scattered astrocytes but not in

122 We provide evidence that loss of PTEN in Bergmann glia leads to premature differentiation of this

123 that conditional knockout of D1 receptors in Bergmann glial cells results in decreased locomotor acti

124 eceptor pathway, is specifically required in Bergmann glia during cerebellar foliation.

125 mma-5 acts as a TARP and serves this role in Bergmann glia.

126 we observe parallel ontogeny of D-serine in Bergmann glia and NR2A/B in Purkinje cells, suggesting a

127 Specific assays show that in Bergmann glia cells Gpr37l1 is associated with primary c

128 nd Na+/Cl--dependent taurine transporters in Bergmann glia in slices.

129 ediate high-frequency excitation, whereas in Bergmann glia (BG) they support calcium transients that

130 ing to summarize body size evolution include Bergmann's rule, which states that species reach larger

131 hile its activation in astrocytes, including Bergmann glia (BG), resulted in gliosis and disrupted BG

132 resent in protoplasmic astrocytes, including Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.

133 n of glutamate transporters in an individual Bergmann glial cell enhanced mIPSC frequency recorded in

134 lgi cells, and molecular layer interneurons; Bergmann glia, astrocytes, and resting microglia also ex

135 also show that these rules are intertwined: Bergmann's rule is reversed on the mainland but holds on

136 0 dpi, most labeled cells had developed into Bergmann glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and interne

137 n addition, the differentiation of RGCs into Bergmann glias was suppressed in KO mice.

138 reveal a novel role of Ric-8a in modulating Bergmann glia-basement membrane adhesion during foliatio

139 t the onset of foliation, when ric-8a mutant Bergmann glia fail to maintain adhesion to the basement

140 In this issue of Neuron, Bergmann et al. propose that adult human olfactory bulb

141 luding astrocytes, large projection neurons, Bergmann glia, Schwann cells, and ganglionic satellite c

142 d developmental failure of Purkinje neurons, Bergmann glia and granule neurons.

143 mate concentrations or by using nonsaturated Bergmann glial AMPA receptors to monitor presynaptic rel

144 granule and Purkinje cells, the alignment of Bergmann glia, and the integrity of the basement membran

145 ty, Purkinje cells (Pcs), an early cohort of Bergmann glia, and four classes of GABAergic interneuron

146 -out modes, respectively, depolarizations of Bergmann glia to +20 mV induced a 73% increase in the op

147 ursors and it induces the differentiation of Bergmann glia.

148 , suggested a role in the differentiation of Bergmann glia.

149 this enzyme in promoting differentiation of Bergmann glia.

150 ll migration secondary to disorganization of Bergmann glial cell fibers cause cerebellar developmenta

151 filled approximately ellipsoidal domains of Bergmann glia processes.

152 n arises in networks of at least hundreds of Bergmann glia extending across several hundred microns o

153 GFAP immunostaining of Bergmann glial fibers shows no parasagittally localized

154 as they resume rapid movement independent of Bergmann glial fibers.

155 uron precursors and precocious maturation of Bergmann glia and Purkinje neurons.

156 Thus, large networks of Bergmann glia can be activated by specific animal behavi

157 lated African barbets follows predictions of Bergmann's rule, and that body size mirrors variation in

158 In the cerebellar cortex the processes of Bergmann glia cells encase synapses between presynaptic

159 D-Serine in the radial processes of Bergmann glia is also well positioned to regulate NMDA r

160 However, the functional significance of Bergmann glial Ca(2+) signaling remains poorly understoo

161 transformation in the developmental state of Bergmann glia occurring after suppression of caspase-3 a

162 ter granule cells detach from the surface of Bergmann glia and the somata become transiently round, w

163 geographically separated modern populations (Bergmann's Rule).

164 hat the formation of this Sox2/Sox9 positive Bergmann glia population does not require the presence o

165 ebellar molecular layer thickness or prevent Bergmann glia degeneration.

166 er an unexpected role for PTEN in regulating Bergmann glia differentiation, as well as the importance

167 of Purkinje cells (PC) in regions of robust Bergmann glia activation in Cln3(-/-) mice and human JNC

168 expressed glutamate transporters can shield Bergmann glial AMPA receptors and presynaptic metabotrop

169 estingly, despite the apparent death of some Bergmann glia, there was up-regulation of glial fibrilla

170 in neuronal migration, glutamate stimulates Bergmann glia to form and release D-serine, which, toget

171 Using two-photon microscopy we found that Bergmann glia exhibit three forms of Ca(2+) excitation i

172 results demonstrate for the first time that Bergmann glia express functional GlyT1 that can work in

173 e vermis, the densities of microglia and the Bergmann glial expression of metallothionein I/II and th

174 gration of immature granule neurons down the Bergmann glial fibers into the internal granule cell lay

175 f MMP-2 was mainly localized in the EGL, the Bergmann glial fibers, and the Purkinje cell layer (PCL)

176 se Bergmann glia processes as well as in the Bergmann fibers, it was more pronounced in the Purkinje

177 plitude of the AMPA receptor response in the Bergmann glia (840 +/- 240%; n = 8) with the shift in th

178 lar distribution of GABA(A) receptors in the Bergmann glia and Purkinje cells in the molecular layer

179 rters (homologous to the transporters in the Bergmann glia ensheathing the Purkinje cells), nor did i

180 ic nestin-expressing progenitor (NEP) in the Bergmann glia layer (BgL) undergoes adaptive reprogramin

181 o neuronal cells but also was located in the Bergmann glia of the postnatal cerebellum.

182 t cerebellum, Sox 1 is only expressed in the Bergmann glia, a population of radial glia present in th

183 he SoxB1 subgroup), is also expressed in the Bergmann glia.

184 l layer (GABRB2, PAX6, TMEM266, KCNIP4), the Bergmann glial cells (QK1, DAO), and the Purkinje cell l

185 Moreover, the Bergmann glia GABA(A) receptors were often located in cl

186 ons secrete FGF9 to control formation of the Bergmann fiber scaffold, which in turn, guides their own

187 ion of glia and subsequent disruption of the Bergmann glia (BG) scaffold.

188 We used the change in the EC50 of the Bergmann glia AMPA receptors produced by cyclothiazide (

189 entrated principally in the processes of the Bergmann glia located in the vicinity of the Purkinje ce

190 Expression of the Bergmann glia-specific glutamate transporter GLAST was r

191 release may account for the majority of the Bergmann glial AMPA response evoked by climbing fiber st

192 se results are consistent with a role of the Bergmann glial GABA(A) receptors in sensing GABAergic sy

193 is characterized by a disorganization of the Bergmann's radial glia.

194 transmission activates AMPA receptors on the Bergmann glial cell processes that envelop parallel fibr

195 ell population that is intermingled with the Bergmann glia of the adult murine cerebellar cortex, exp

196 luR2/3 immunolabeling also occurred in these Bergmann glia processes as well as in the Bergmann fiber

197 Thus, Bergmann glia play a previously unappreciated role in co

198 ial mixed-models showed that PEMA conform to Bergmann's Rule and that PEMA were shorter in more urban

199 We predicted PEMA would conform to Bergmann's Rule, e.g. larger individuals in colder clima

200 Contrary to Bergmann's rule, size increases with temperature in T. b

201 ny neuronal population, but was localized to Bergmann glial in the cerebellum and a subset of the oli

202 ever, its expression changed from neurons to Bergmann glia once these glial cells had completed their

203 ATP7A switches during development from PN to Bergmann glia, the cells supporting PN function in adult

204 7B target protein, ceruloplasmin, from PN to Bergmann glia, where ATP7A (Menkes disease protein) is p

205 ) channels inhibited ectopic transmission to Bergmann glia and decreased EPSC decay time.

206 how that the major cerebellar astrocyte type Bergmann glial cells express D1 receptors.

207 To identify genes underlying Bergmann's Rule, which posits that spatial correlations

208 otal cooling costs as a mechanism underlying Bergmann's rule.

209 Our findings validate Bergmann's and Allen's logic and remind us that body and

210 We also find that weakening Bergmann glia-basement membrane interaction by beta1 int

211 To determine whether Bergmann glia express functional transporters that can m

212 long the Purkinje cell layer (PCL), in which Bergmann glia are generated up to first the postnatal we

213 effects on song frequency in accordance with Bergmann's rule dwarf those of acoustic adaptation at a

214 ze variation within Homo, in accordance with Bergmann's rule.

215 osphacan immunoreactivity is associated with Bergmann glial fibers in the molecular layer and their c

216 genomes dominated, a pattern consistent with Bergmann's rule.

217 ted with thermal conditions, consistent with Bergmann's rule.

218 ading processes remain in close contact with Bergmann glial fibers.

219 Cortical astrocytes interlaced with Bergmann glia (BG) in the cerebellar molecular layer to