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1 f subjective experience can be traced to the Cambrian.
2 ing complexity that had evolved by the early Cambrian.
3 ystem over 500 million years ago in the late Cambrian.
4 e and abundant invertebrate phylum since the Cambrian.
5 h is common today, originated from the early Cambrian.
6 nd-based ecology persisted into the earliest Cambrian.
7 most compelling neuroanatomy known from the Cambrian.
8 and modified global carbon cycling since the Cambrian.
9 es normally considered characteristic of the Cambrian.
10 lans have changed so greatly since the early Cambrian.
11 ran, while most other deep nodes date to the Cambrian.
12 onary stasis throughout the remainder of the Cambrian.
13 e appearance of large metazoans in the early Cambrian.
14 ged during the latest Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian (~20 million years), followed by broad-scale ev
18 that the sudden appearance of fossils in the Cambrian (541-485 million years ago) is real and not an
19 of exceptionally preserved early and middle Cambrian (542-501 million years ago) biotas and have com
20 appearance in the fossil record in the early Cambrian, 542 million years ago, is the occurrence of tr
22 lved and rapidly diversified during the late Cambrian, a time interval between the two diversificatio
23 ly, recent fossil descriptions show a Middle Cambrian acorn worm lived in tubes, leading to speculati
24 ar from the fossil record in the late Middle Cambrian, after which the Palaeozoic fauna dominates.
25 rse crustacean appendages of Middle and Late Cambrian age from shallow-marine mudstones of the Deadwo
26 ecular estimates for myriapod origins in the Cambrian and a post-Ordovician crown group fossil record
27 as of Burgess Shale type persisted after the Cambrian and are preserved where suitable facies occur.
28 hat were the largest nektonic animals of the Cambrian and Ordovician periods, are generally thought t
29 stepwise biodiversity increase with distinct Cambrian and Ordovician radiation events that are clearl
30 race fossil record of euthycarcinoids in the Cambrian and Ordovician reveals amphibious locomotion in
32 ion of the oceans towards the end of the Pre-Cambrian and their evolutionary origin represents a key
33 -level clades diverged gradually through the Cambrian, and the distinctiveness of the resulting body
34 within a few million years during the early Cambrian, and various environmental, developmental, and
35 at the coupling of ocean chemistry and Early Cambrian animal diversification was not a simple cause-a
40 ophisticated feeding apparatus from an Early Cambrian arthropod that had a body length of several cen
41 nsa as the most completely understood of any Cambrian arthropod, emphasizing complexity that had evol
43 ins and ventral nerve cords in lower and mid-Cambrian arthropods has led to crucial insights about th
45 including antennae and 'great appendages' of Cambrian arthropods, or with the paired antenniform fron
46 segmented in contrast to their morphology in Cambrian arthropods, revealing that a true biramous limb
49 ttom waters increased in step with the early Cambrian bioradiation of animals and eukaryotic phytopla
50 te being among the most celebrated taxa from Cambrian biotas, anomalocaridids (order Radiodonta) have
52 re the fusion of exite and endopod into the 'Cambrian biramous limb', confirming their basal placemen
54 studies suggested crustacean affinities for Cambrian bivalved euarthropods [8-11], this view has fal
55 ve predatory lifestyle within the context of Cambrian bivalved euarthropods, and contributes towards
57 proxy and N isotope record of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary preserved in intra-shelf basin, slope,
59 proximately 50 specimens from several middle Cambrian Burgess Shale localities in British Columbia, m
60 covery of complete specimens from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale showed that these disparate eleme
61 ca', particularly the 'weird wonders' of the Cambrian Burgess Shale, was to consider them representat
63 Biota includes many lineages typical of the Cambrian Burgess Shale-type biotas, but the most abundan
64 le Canyon, British Columbia, and three other Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits from Laurentia.
67 eyes and "anterior sclerite" in the (middle Cambrian) Burgess Shale euarthropods Helmetia expansa an
68 duplication, which occurred in the mid/late Cambrian by autotetraploidization (that is, direct genom
71 sil polychaete (bristle worm) from the early Cambrian Canglangpu formation(7) that we name Dannychaet
74 an enigmatic worm-like animal from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota of Yunnan Province, China.
75 ispinus, a new anomalocaridid from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, southwest China, nearly compl
77 describe new fossil material from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota, Yunnan Province, China, inclu
83 vation appear in the Late Neoproterozoic and Cambrian, coincident with the appearance of animal body
84 evolution of 'good vision' and domination in Cambrian communities, which supports the hypothesis that
87 Burgess Shale and a handful of other similar Cambrian deposits provide rare but critical insights int
97 However, the interrelationships among major Cambrian euarthropod groups remain disputed(1,2,4,7), wh
99 ocerebral ganglia in exceptionally preserved Cambrian euarthropods indicates the homology of the ante
100 en regarded as early animal ancestors of the Cambrian evolutionary explosion of marine invertebrate p
101 nclude that Facivermis provides a rare early Cambrian example of secondary loss to accommodate a high
103 tionary record of metazoan groups during the Cambrian Explosion and determined the nature of its term
104 mass radiations and extinctions (such as the Cambrian explosion and the end-Permian mass extinction)
105 vidence that sponges evolved long before the Cambrian explosion approximately 542 million y ago.
109 of most animal phyla and classes during the Cambrian explosion has been hypothesized to represent an
110 ns of predation in motile bilaterians in the Cambrian explosion is likely to have increased rates of
111 cations at scales ranging from the Ediacaran-Cambrian explosion of animal life and the invasion of la
112 n considered exemplary for understanding the Cambrian explosion of animal life, due to their unsurpas
119 earance of fossils that marks the so-called 'Cambrian explosion' has intrigued and exercised biologis
120 the evolution of biomineralization and the 'Cambrian explosion' of ecologic and taxonomic diversity
123 devoted to understanding the duration of the Cambrian explosion, after which normal Phanerozoic evolu
124 The Avalon morphospace expansion mirrors the Cambrian explosion, and both events may reflect similar
125 suspension feeders first evolved during the Cambrian explosion, as part of an adaptive radiation of
126 anding of animal evolution on the eve of the Cambrian explosion, because some of them likely represen
127 ardment levels has likely occurred since the Cambrian Explosion, making these phenomena an improbable
129 ropod body fossils is traceable back to the "Cambrian explosion," marked by the appearance of most ma
145 e between oxygen and evolution for the later Cambrian 'explosion' (540-520 Ma) of new, energy-sapping
146 onstant evolutionary rates across the entire Cambrian, for all aspects of the preserved phenotype: di
147 of 826 legacy wells that penetrate the basal Cambrian formation on the U.S. side of the U.S./Canadian
149 ymmetrical, solitary metazoan from the early Cambrian (Fortunian) of China with a characteristic echi
150 tative evidence that by the time the typical Cambrian fossil record begins (~521 Ma), the Cambrian ex
154 lating biotic patterns in the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian fossil record with geochemical and physical env
162 identification of brain and ganglia in early Cambrian fuxianhuiids and megacheirans from southwest Ch
163 functional characteristics demonstrates that Cambrian genera occupied comparatively few modes of life
164 stems during the late Ediacaran to the early Cambrian has been suggested from multiple indirect proxi
165 between the terminal Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian, heralding the exuberant diversification of bod
166 e we examine over 1,500 specimens of the mid-Cambrian hyolith Haplophrentis from the Burgess Shale an
168 Our study in the type section of the basal Cambrian in Fortune Head, Newfoundland, Canada reveals w
169 s originated in the sea during or before the Cambrian, including predation and most of its variations
170 onary events documented during the Ediacaran-Cambrian interval coincide with geochemical evidence for
171 Bivalve molluscs are descendants of an early-Cambrian lineage superbly adapted to benthic filter feed
172 lex feature in the terminal claws of the mid-Cambrian lobopodian Hallucigenia sparsa--their construct
175 distributed stratigraphic sections of later Cambrian marine rocks (about 499 million years old).
177 est unequivocal examples occur in the middle Cambrian Marjum Formation of Utah but an arthropod retai
179 s had been linked to a variety of cataphract Cambrian metazoans, notably Wiwaxia and the halkieriids,
180 ce for total-group pancrustaceans comes from Cambrian microfossils preserved as three-dimensional pho
183 ord of polychaete worms extends to the early Cambrian, much data on this group derive from microfossi
184 oup predict that myriapods originated in the Cambrian, much earlier than their oldest known fossils,
189 Physical evidence of widespread anoxia in Cambrian oceans has remained elusive and thus its potent
190 despread in subsurface water masses of later Cambrian oceans, possibly influencing evolutionary event
194 ve organs in early arthropods from the early Cambrian of China and Greenland with functional similari
196 icaris, previously known only from the early Cambrian of China, suggests that the palaeogeographic ra
199 a phosphatized trilobite eye from the lower Cambrian of the Baltic, we found lithified remnants of c
201 n the arachnid stem lineage and suggests the Cambrian-Ordovician ancestor of arachnids would also hav
202 more, molecular clock dating has suggested a Cambrian-Ordovician terrestrialization event for arachni
203 zanclus is a shell-bearing, sclerite covered Cambrian organism of uncertain taxonomic affinity, seemi
206 hat constrain the position of Cryogenian and Cambrian paleosurfaces below the Great Unconformity.
207 conclusion is supported by descriptions from Cambrian panarthropods of neural structures that contrib
209 sification of complex animal life during the Cambrian Period (541-485.4 Ma) is thought to have been c
210 mal phyla, radiated rapidly during the early Cambrian period (approximately 535-520 million years ago
212 ed 'shelly' fossils that appear early in the Cambrian period and can be found throughout the 280 mill
213 Exceptionally preserved fossils from the Cambrian period have contributed important palaeontologi
215 Cambrian period of China) and Metaspriggina (Cambrian period of Canada) highlights the difficulties:
216 Application of these data to Cathaymyrus (Cambrian period of China) and Metaspriggina (Cambrian pe
217 an Orsten-like Lagerstatte from the earliest Cambrian period of South China, which stratigraphically
224 in oxygen content through the Ediacaran and Cambrian periods, sharply constraining the magnitude of
226 ation of phoronid, brachiopod and tommotiid (Cambrian problematica) characters, notably a pair of agg
227 ring the increasing oxygenation prior to the Cambrian radiation of animals and likely represent an im
229 ucidates that global biodiversity during the Cambrian radiation was driven by niche contraction at lo
230 for the importance of plate tectonics in the Cambrian radiation, namely the breakup of Pannotia.
231 We explored biodiversity patterns during the Cambrian radiation, the most dramatic radiation in Earth
235 m sea level shows a gradual rise through the Cambrian, reaching a zenith in the Late Ordovician, then
237 ion, N. pugio expands the known disparity of Cambrian scleritome-bearing animals, and provides a new
238 an tulip animal Siphusauctum and the armored Cambrian scleroctenophores, they exhibit anatomies that
240 trace element compositions for an Ediacaran-Cambrian sequence in the Lower Yangtze basin, South Chin
241 arity, and provincialism at the beginning of Cambrian Series 2 (~521 Ma), suggesting a protracted but
242 Nidelric pugio gen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian Series 2 Heilinpu Formation, Chengjiang Lagerst
243 iated with major faunal turnovers across the Cambrian Series 2-Series 3 boundary in both Laurentia an
244 tional correlation across this boundary (the Cambrian Series 2-Series 3 boundary) has been a challeng
245 Recently, the base of the international Cambrian Series 3 and of Stage 5 has been named as the b
247 ris borealis, an anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian (Series 2) Sirius Passet Fauna of North Greenla
248 crystalline basement rock from much younger Cambrian shallow marine sedimentary deposits, is known a
249 ages of early biominerals from Ediacaran and Cambrian shelly fossils show that these early calcifiers
253 st articulated specimens of Wiwaxia from the Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang Konservat-Lagerstatte show t
254 a foliosa sp. nov. from the Xiaoshiba fauna (Cambrian Stage 3, Hongjingshao Formation, Kunming, south
256 iddle and upper part of the Kaili Formation (Cambrian Stage 5) in the Jianhe area of Guizhou province
257 ans that is exclusively known from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang biota of South China.
258 uganotheca elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstatte (Yunnan, China
259 pecaris serrata sp. nov., recovered from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Hongjingshao Formation in Kunming, so
260 is preserved in the act of moulting from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Xiaoshiba Lagerstatte, South China.
261 preserved exoskeletons found from the middle Cambrian (Stage 5) Gaotai Formation in Guizhou, southern
262 arella mauretanica sp. nov., from the middle Cambrian (Stage 5) Tatelt Formation of Morocco, making t
263 ally conserved across two continents through Cambrian Stages 3-5 - revealing morphological stasis in
265 but are strikingly absent from the overlying Cambrian succession, despite optimal conditions for thei
266 ration of external drivers through the early Cambrian, such as episodic changes in oxygenation or pro
267 ccurred from the late Ediacaran to the early Cambrian, suggesting a substantial increase in atmospher
269 c record often evident below the base of the Cambrian system, has remained among the most enigmatic f
270 t, inferring sensory and motor attributes of Cambrian taxa has been limited to interpreting external
271 roup of all other annelids but contrast with Cambrian taxa in both lifestyle and gross morphology(2,6
276 est that P(CO2) was much higher in the early Cambrian than in younger eras, agreeing with previous mo
277 at accords with compound eyes from the early Cambrian that were, in size and resolution, equal to tho
278 ic evolution for arthropods during the early Cambrian, thereby shortening the phylogenetic fuse.
279 ur isotope mass balance model for the latest Cambrian time interval spanning the globally recognized
282 on of Hexapoda probably occurred in the late Cambrian to early Ordovician, an estimate that is indepe
284 l trend in disparity profile shapes from the Cambrian to the Recent, and early high disparity is the
285 00 stratigraphic sections, to generate a new Cambrian to Triassic biodiversity curve with an imputed
286 mbership in the stem group of Myriapoda, the Cambrian to Triassic euthycarcinoids have repeatedly bee
287 of nektonic suspension feeders in the Early Cambrian, together with evidence for a diverse pelagic c
292 arly history of artiopods - one in the early Cambrian (trilobitomorphs) and the other in the late Cam
298 a has increased by a factor of 150 since the Cambrian, whereas minimum biovolume has decreased by les
299 ng of the continental crust during the early Cambrian, which may be a trigger for the rise of atmosph
300 challenge the notion that the Ediacaran and Cambrian worlds were markedly distinct, and places bioti