ライフサイエンスコーパス: Ciona

1 lating embryos of a simple proto-vertebrate (Ciona).

2 egies in the elucidation of gene function in Ciona.

3 ebrates to basal chordates like the ascidian Ciona.

4 o form the atrium and atrial siphon of adult Ciona.

5 nomic organisation, albeit more divergent in Ciona.

6 participate in notochord differentiation in Ciona.

7 midline dynamics during NTC in the tunicate Ciona.

8 cis-regulatory sequences between Molgula and Ciona.

9 llow for rapid screening of gene function in Ciona.

10 xplain and reproduce the neuronal pattern in Ciona.

11 iple classes of MRF-regulated genes exist in Ciona.

12 Here, we employ Ciona, a simple invertebrate chordate, to identify endog

13 encoded at four loci (i.e., VCBPA-VCBPD) in Ciona, a urochordate, and are expressed by distinct epit

14 However, predators reduced Ciona abundance much more than that of Ascidia at severa

15 d recruit stages had modest to no effects on Ciona abundance.

16 ppears to be the only embryonic structure in Ciona activating the PCP pathway.

17 The closest homologs to RPE65 in Ciona and Branchiostoma lacked predicted functionally di

18 ear to be the major target of methylation in Ciona and honey bee.

19 ctor expressed during notochord formation in Ciona and other chordates.

20 any genes expressed in B4.1 lineages in both Ciona and the distantly related ascidian Halocynthia.

21 Finally, cross-species comparisons between Ciona and the mouse evoke the deep evolutionary origins

22 gulatory and functional conservation between Ciona and vertebrate Hmx, and point to bipolar tail neur

23 Interestingly, the alignment of Ciona and vertebrate TERT sequences reveals a previously

24 All ABC protein subfamilies found in Ciona and zebrafish correspond to the human subfamilies,

25 ordates including chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus, revealing a universal upstream LPM

26 gest that a midbrain homologue is missing in Ciona, and argue that midbrain development is a novelty

27 enomic comparisons restricted to Drosophila, Ciona, and humans (protostomes, urochordates, and verteb

28 sential notochord gene regulatory network of Ciona, and provide a reference for studies of transcript

29 Furthermore, Ciona appeared to be a weaker competitor at the adult st

30 Under some circumstances, Ciona became abundant in mid-successional stages and sho

31 l number of binding motifs are necessary for Ciona betagamma-crystallin expression, and narrow down t

32 The Ciona betagamma-crystallin is only expressed in the palp

33 The crystal structure of Ciona betagamma-crystallin is very similar to that of a

34 The Ciona betagamma-crystallin promoter region targeted expr

35 M contains functional binding sites for both Ciona Brachyury (Ci-Bra) and FoxA (Ci-FoxA-a).

36 We found that Ciona Brachyury (Ci-Bra) controls most of its targets di

37 ens were recently used to identify potential Ciona Brachyury (Ci-Bra) target genes.

38 the notochord-specific transcription factor Ciona Brachyury (Ci-Bra).

39 The Ciona Brachyury gene (Ci-Bra) is regulated, in part, by

40 bp enhancer from the promoter region of the Ciona Brachyury gene (Ci-Bra), which is sufficient to di

41 er on the regulation of a notochord-specific Ciona Brachyury gene (Ci-Bra).

42 Invertebrate chordates, such as the tunicate Ciona, can offer insight into the evolution of the chord

43 The Ciona cardiopharyngeal progenitors provide the simplest

44 Ciona cardiopharyngeal progenitors, the trunk ventral ce

45 The Ciona caudal CNS, while appearing spinal cord-like, has

46 wever, the depth of conservation between the Ciona CNS and those of vertebrates is not resolved.

47 tebrates share a similar anatomy despite the Ciona CNS having only ~180 neurons.

48 ng with visuomotor circuits predicted by the Ciona connectome, we used expression maps of neurotransm

49 The notochord of the ascidian Ciona consists of only 40 cells, and is a longstanding m

50 In Ciona, Crbn is specifically expressed in developing musc

51 ndicate that notochord cell intercalation in Ciona does not require the progressive signals which coo

52 Our results identify two domains of Ciona ectoderm that are marked by the genetic cascade th

53 itary master regulator in the model chordate Ciona Ectopic Bra expression only partially reprograms o

54 , we applied a drug treatment approach using Ciona eggs and found that inhibition of casein kinase 2

55 oration of lacZ fusion genes into fertilized Ciona eggs.

56 endent changes of cortical actin networks in Ciona eggs.

57 Finally, this study establishes the Ciona embryo as an effective in vivo system for the stud

58 gle-cell RNA-seq to the 16-cell stage of the Ciona embryo, a marine chordate and performed a computat

59 ell lineages and molecular strategies in the Ciona embryo.

60 homeobox gene bix in notochord or muscle of Ciona embryos as a means of interfering with development

61 Ciona embryos expressing bix in the notochord from the 6

62 h mediates expression in the neural plate of Ciona embryos in response to fibroblast growth factor (F

63 re, we develop an expression assay in living Ciona embryos that captures the liquid behavior of indiv

64 for specification of the cardiac mesoderm in Ciona embryos.

65 ized patterns of expression in tadpole-stage Ciona embryos.

66 ficient incorporation of transgenic DNA into Ciona embryos.

67 ion of ZicL and ETS transcription factors in Ciona embryos.

68 er/Olf/EBF) gene in hundreds of synchronized Ciona embryos.

69 on misexpressing Ci-MRF in the notochord of Ciona embryos.

70 yogenesis in the tail of the simple chordate Ciona exhibits a similar reliance on its single MRF-fami

71 A dominant-negative form of the Ciona FGF receptor suppresses the formation of polarized

72 Inhibition of Ciona FGF3 activity results in similar defects, even tho

73 The notochord of the invertebrate chordate Ciona forms a tapered rod at tailbud stages consisting o

74 , techniques, and resources available to the Ciona geneticist, citing examples of studies that employ

75 The recent sequencing of a second Ciona genome (C. savignyi) permits the use of simple ali

76 The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-codin

77 sequencing of staged EST libraries make the Ciona genome one of the best annotated among those that

78 as clusters of identical sites found in the Ciona genome with different arrangements are unable to a

79 spects of creating a regulatory atlas of the Ciona genome, whereby every enhancer is identified for e

80 Expression of the Ciona gut immune effector, VCBP-C, is enhanced during co

81 logy in vitro and during colonization of the Ciona gut.

82 ttlement and colonization of bacteria in the Ciona gut.

83 124 silences Notch, Neuralized and all three Ciona Hairy/Enhancer-of-Split genes.

84 ed the isolation of a heart enhancer for the Ciona Hand-like gene.

85 These observations provide evidence that Ciona has a neurogenic proto-placode, which forms neuron

86 Ciona has a small genome, and simple, well-defined embyr

87 nificantly advances our understanding of the Ciona heart gene network.

88 The Ciona heart progenitor lineage is first specified by Fib

89 on analyses was used to demonstrate that the Ciona HNF-3beta homologue is expressed in the ventralmos

90 Here we present evidence that a Ciona homolog of snail (Ci-sna) encodes a repressor of t

91 We used the ascidian Ciona, in which the single-copy Brachyury is notochord-s

92 Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce), the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis (Ci) and amphioxus Branchiostoma flor

93 single MRF gene of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis (Ci-MRF).

94 s was recently identified in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis (CiCBR).

95 euterostomian invertebrate - the urochordate Ciona intestinalis - that is orthologous to vertebrate c

96 eart progenitor cells of the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis also generate precursors of the atria

97 Expression of Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase (AOX) in mitochon

98 enotype was rescued by ectopic expression of Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase (AOX)(12), which

99 yces cerevisiae NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) or Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase, which can comple

100 rization of TERT genes from two sea squirts, Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi.

101 D family gene was identified in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and designated CiMDF (Ciona intestina

102 lated organisms that make cellulose, such as Ciona intestinalis and Dictyostelium discoideum, reveale

103 sms, Drosophila melanogaster, Daphnia pulex, Ciona intestinalis and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

104 erived pharyngeal epithelium of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma lance

105 macaque and Opossum, the chordate genome of Ciona intestinalis and the import and integration of the

106 t absent from the genomes of the urochordate Ciona intestinalis and the lower eukaryotes D. melanogas

107 using a simple method to introduce DNA into Ciona intestinalis and the several available tissue-spec

108 We identified putative MBL homologs in Ciona intestinalis and Trichoplax adhaerens, and investi

109 g the notochord of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis as a model.

110 Using Ciona intestinalis as a simple chordate model, we show t

111 ique phylogenetic position of the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis as part of the sister group to the ve

112 nderlying basis of enhancer activity for the Ciona intestinalis betagamma-crystallin gene, which driv

113 A chordate ortholog of UNC-3, Ciona intestinalis COE, was also both required and suffi

114 Here we show that the gut mucosa of Ciona intestinalis contains an extensive matrix of chiti

115 sed to improve and enrich the description of Ciona intestinalis embryonic development, based on an im

116 Comprehensive gene networks in Ciona intestinalis embryos provide a foundation for char

117 revised cell lineage of the pigment cells in Ciona intestinalis embryos.

118 Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis exhibits a proto-placodal ectoderm (P

119 POUIV gene families to examine the tunicate Ciona intestinalis for evidence of structures homologous

120 s, making for a direct orthology between the Ciona intestinalis gene CiPax6 and Pax6 in mammals.

121 d the distribution of DNA methylation in the Ciona intestinalis genome.

122 we estimated that the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis has 15,500 protein-coding genes (+/-3

123 The ascidian Ciona intestinalis has a monolobal transferrin (nicatran

124 A forward genetic screen in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis identified a mutant line (frimousse)

125 The invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis is a widely used model organism in bi

126 t specification in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis is similar to that of vertebrates but

127 ian Ciona intestinalis and designated CiMDF (Ciona intestinalis Muscle Determination Factor).

128 y through mediation of Ca(2+) transients, in Ciona intestinalis neural induction.

129 Larvae of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis possess a central nervous system of 1

130 Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis possesses a cephalic melanocyte linea

131 estigate this process in the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis Previous studies have implicated Noda

132 s trunk ventral cells, TVCs) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provide a simple chordate model with

133 the CNS of the tadpole larva of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provides us with a chordate nervous s

134 ans and even a highly divergent invertebrate Ciona intestinalis qualitatively and quantitatively supp

135 motivated by our experiments in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis showing that the peripheral sensory n

136 stinct moto- and interneuron subtypes in the Ciona intestinalis tadpole larva.

137 ntrols the rhythmic swimming behavior of the Ciona intestinalis tadpole.

138 ed several cDNAs derived from the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis that encode vitamin K-dependent prote

139 -induced short-tailed mutant in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis that is the product of a premature st

140 identified in the primitive ascidian species Ciona intestinalis that possesses the characteristic fea

141 Here, we employ the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis to delineate an essential in vivo rol

142 rphological simplicity of the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis to elucidate Mesp regulation and func

143 loit wild populations of the marine chordate Ciona intestinalis to show that levels of buffering are

144 invasive tunicates, Ciona robusta (formerly Ciona intestinalis type A) and C. intestinalis (formerly

145 inalis type A) and C. intestinalis (formerly Ciona intestinalis type B), globally distributed and sym

146 The Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP)

147 reduced the sensitivity of Kv7.5 channels to Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP)-

148 results suggest that the native S4 from the Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase (Ci-VSP

149 The Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase (Ci-VSP

150 voltage-sensing membrane proteins using the Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase (CiVSP)

151 ht consists of the voltage-sensing domain of Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase and sup

152 2 K(+) channel and the voltage sensor of the Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase, agains

153 rents are significantly faster than those of Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase.

154 The genome of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis was found to be a stable mosaic of me

155 ge-gated proton channels in humans, mice and Ciona intestinalis were discovered.

156 ogs transcribed in eggs of Xenopus laevis or Ciona intestinalis were found, pinpointing evolutionary

157 Eggs of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis were injected with the Src-homology 2

158 ses fewer substitutions than the sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) CB1 sequence.

159 uccess of an introduced marine invertebrate (Ciona intestinalis) in Northern California.

160 identified ABC proteins from the sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and chicke

161 -3beta and snail homologues in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, a member of the subphylum Urochordat

162 We have examined ASICs from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, a simple chordate organism whose ner

163 ting the ARNTL gene family in the genomes of Ciona intestinalis, amphioxus, zebrafish, and human.

164 the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate belonging t

165 enic regulatory factor (MRF) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate.

166 In ascidians, such as Ciona intestinalis, Brachyury is expressed exclusively i

167 subsequently identified in human, mouse, and Ciona intestinalis, but their existence in dinoflagellat

168 mo sapiens, Mus musculus, Takifugu rubripes, Ciona intestinalis, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila m

169 he voltage sensor of the prototypic VSP from Ciona intestinalis, Ci-VSP, we generated chimeric protei

170 The ascidian Ciona intestinalis, commonly known as a 'sea squirt', ha

171 the genome of a urochordate, the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, did not turn up any genuine ortholog

172 anglion development and that in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, Hmx is necessary and sufficient to d

173 nt evidence that the embryo of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, is an easily manipulated system for

174 In Ciona intestinalis, leprecan was identified as a target

175 e demonstrate that, in the chordate ascidian Ciona intestinalis, miR-124 plays an extensive role in p

176 of the gene for the FlgCK from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, providing support for the linkage of

177 rithm on simulated next-generation data from Ciona intestinalis, real next-generation data from Droso

178 In the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, snail (Ci-sna) is expressed at the 3

179 ll type in the tadpole larva of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, the bipolar tail neuron, shares a se

180 In the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis, the notochord plate consists of just

181 In Ciona intestinalis, the palps consist of three conical p

182 tic manipulability, we chose the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, to explore intraspecies sequence com

183 tion and streamlined genome of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, to investigate heart development in

184 on pattern of CiMDF, the MyoD-family gene of Ciona intestinalis, was analyzed in unmanipulated and mi

185 The draft genome of the primitive chordate, Ciona intestinalis, was published three years ago.

186 anogaster and in the non-vertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis, which each have only one talin gene,

187 We show that the urochordate Ciona intestinalis, which split from the vertebrate line

188 nset of gastrulation to swimming tadpoles-in Ciona intestinalis.

189 ence to investigate cilia in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis.

190 latory network in the invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis.

191 or of ectodermal development in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

192 -bp notochord-specific CRM from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

193 expression patterns of NCLC in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

194 alyze cardiac cell migration in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

195 C. savignyi to its divergent sister species, Ciona intestinalis.

196 es was performed by using the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis.

197 e larva of a sibling chordate, the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis.

198 fied in the genome sequences of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

199 regions in the ascidians Ciona savignyi and Ciona intestinalis.

200 or tissue-specific enhancers in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

201 of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis.

202 mbe, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, and Ciona intestinalis.

203 gene, CiVegTR, was isolated in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

204 ervous system of the ascidian tadpole larva, Ciona intestinalis.

205 al tube closure in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis.

206 ng dynamics using the invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis.

207 mechanism for zippering in a basal chordate, Ciona intestinalis.

208 n the CNS of a simple chordate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

209 anded breaks in the genome of the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis.

210 PNS development of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis.

211 The central nervous systems (CNSs) of Ciona larvae and vertebrates share a similar anatomy des

212 Ciona larvae display a number of behaviors, including ne

213 Ciona larvae have several sensory systems, including the

214 e lens of transgenic vertebrates despite the Ciona lineage predating the evolution of the lens.

215 In Ciona, matrix adhesion polarizes fibroblast growth facto

216 In some chordates, including the ascidian Ciona, members of the Tbx2 subfamily of T-box genes are

217 zation of a minimal cardiac enhancer for the Ciona Mesp gene demonstrated direct activation by the T-

218 gulatory elements that drive coexpression of Ciona muscle genes and obtained quantitative estimates o

219 jacent to predicted MRF binding sites in the Ciona Mymk promoter.

220 We discovered that in Ciona, MyT1, Pou4, Atonal, and NeuroD-like are expressed

221 Here we show that the Ciona neurohypophyseal canal is present from the end of

222 oteins or particular factors present only in Ciona neurons.

223 stablishment of asymmetric cell fates in the Ciona notochord and neural tube.

224 Moreover, the Ciona notochord as a single-file array of forty polarize

225 The Ciona notochord displays planar cell polarity (PCP), wit

226 Orthologs of 112 of the Ciona notochord genes have known notochord expression in

227 The full set of Ciona notochord genes provides a foundation for systems-

228 om multiple stages to define a comprehensive Ciona notochord transcriptome.

229 changed and then restored, underscoring the Ciona notochord's amenability for in vivo studies of PCP

230 Dishevelled serves a similar function in the Ciona notochord.

231 Much research has focused on Ciona or Halocynthia spp. but development in other ascid

232 RPE65 nor LRAT orthologs occur in tunicates (Ciona) or cephalochordates (Branchiostoma), but occur in

233 diac genes were analyzed, including the sole Ciona ortholog of the Drosophila tinman gene, and tissue

234 The Ciona orthologues of seven of sixteen genes that functio

235 The Ciona PPE is shown to produce ciliated neurons that expr

236 In Ciona pre-cardiac founder cells, invasion of the underly

237 closest invertebrate relatives, the tunicate Ciona, processes light and gravity cues through a simple

238 The notochord of the ascidian Ciona provides a unique model for investigating the PCP

239 ession of Dmbx genes from amphioxus and from Ciona, representing the two most closely related lineage

240 in post-metamorphic muscles of the tunicate Ciona requires the combinatorial activity of MRF, MyoD a

241 ibility that the PPE-derived GnRH neurons of Ciona resemble an ancestral cell type, a progenitor to t

242 tions of these proteins in Branchiostoma and Ciona, respectively, providing an insight into the ances

243 h MEK or Fgfr inhibitor at tailbud stages in Ciona results in a larva which fails to form atrial plac

244 Comparisons to the homologous lineage in Ciona revealed identical cell division and fate specific

245 is is exemplified by two invasive tunicates, Ciona robusta (formerly Ciona intestinalis type A) and C

246 define the identity of blood cell states in Ciona robusta, a member of the tunicate subphylum, the s

247 intricate pathway is remarkably conserved in Ciona robusta, a non-vertebrate chordate in the tunicate

248 mmonly found within the pharyngeal basket of Ciona robusta, a pivotal model species in marine biology

249 sion during oral siphon (OS) regeneration in Ciona robusta, and the derived network of their interact

250 d neural tube closure in the basal chordate, Ciona robusta.

251 ural selection in a model invasive ascidian, Ciona robusta.

252 gut microbiome of the model marine tunicate, Ciona robusta.

253 extra beating hearts in the marine chordate Ciona robusta.

254 rdiopharyngeal cell lineages in the chordate Ciona robusta.

255 nificant progress has been made in utilizing Ciona's genomic and morphological simplicity to better u

256 lyses of regulatory regions in the ascidians Ciona savignyi and Ciona intestinalis.

257 The urochordate Ciona savignyi is an emerging model organism for the stu

258 Here we show that the recessive short-tailed Ciona savignyi mutation chongmague (chm) has a novel def

259 affecting early development in the ascidian Ciona savignyi resulted in the isolation of a number of

260 l mutation in the gene dmrt1 in the ascidian Ciona savignyi results in profound abnormalities in the

261 a cellulose synthase gene from the ascidian Ciona savignyi that is expressed in the epidermis.

262 nd example of the genomes of the sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) and the mosquito (Aedes aegypti).

263 We show that the urochordate Ciona savignyi, one of the species of ocean-dwelling bro

264 ped to assemble the genome of the sea squirt Ciona savignyi, which was sequenced to a depth of 12.7 x

265 simple organ: the notochord of the ascidian Ciona savignyi.

266 h the corresponding region from the congener Ciona savignyi.

267 from two sea squirts, Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi.

268 elements of 20 muscle genes in the chordate, Ciona savignyi.

269 ied two potential neural crest cell types in Ciona, sensory pigment cells and bipolar tail neurons(5,

270 pendymal cells of the neural tube, while the Ciona snail homologue is expressed at the junction betwe

271 omparative sequence analysis between the two Ciona species for guiding gene regulatory experiments.

272 ensive Notch pathway targeting appears to be Ciona specific.

273 We show that Ciona ss-carotene monooxygenase a (BCMOa) (previously an

274 Ciona stands apart among chordates in having a complete

275 es are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ances

276 turbation of the FGF pathway in the ascidian Ciona support a similar role for this pathway: inhibitio

277 Here we present evidence that a Ciona Suppressor of Hairless inverted question markCi-Su

278 The formation of the Ciona tadpole depends on simple, well-defined cellular l

279 The Ciona tadpole is constructed from simple, well-defined c

280 Ciona tadpole larvae exhibit a basic chordate body plan

281 as the sensory vesicle (simple brain) of the Ciona tadpole.

282 determined that the notochord expression of Ciona Tbx2/3 (Ci-Tbx2/3) requires Ci-Bra, and identified

283 The Ciona TERT gene is expressed in all tissues analyzed exc

284 Both Ciona TERTs contain all of the reverse transcriptase (RT

285 In Ciona, the CiDmbx gene is detected in neural cells cauda

286 In ascidians such as Ciona there is a particularly intimate relationship betw

287 tochord intercalation are cell-autonomous in Ciona, though such defects have nonautonomous effects in

288 ident community in limiting the abundance of Ciona through experiments conducted on fertilization, la

289 veraged the simplicity of the chordate model Ciona to profile chromatin accessibility through stereot

290 e-cell genomics in the simple chordate model Ciona to reconstruct developmental trajectories forming

291 Here we use Ciona to study the enhancers associated with ten transcr

292 Here we use the tunicate, Ciona, to explore the evolutionary origins of neural cre

293 a new member of the tropomyosin superfamily, Ciona tropomyosin (Ci-trop).

294 tion between CiMRF and an essential E-box of Ciona Troponin I is required for the expression of this

295 cation of Xbp1-downstream notochord genes in Ciona, we found evidence of the early co-option of genes

296 Here, using the tunicate Ciona, we showed that multipotent cardiopharyngeal proge

297 cardiopharyngeal mesoderm in the urochordate Ciona, where a related gene regulatory network determine

298 ional analyses in zebrafish and the tunicate Ciona, which has a single GATA4/5/6 homolog, revealed th

299 e from embryonic development in the ascidian Ciona, which is dependent upon the transcription factors

300 otic activation in the simple model chordate Ciona with minute-scale temporal precision.