ライフサイエンスコーパス: Darwinian

1 cation provide some of the best evidence for Darwinian adaptation in nature.

2 In particular, it is unclear whether Darwinian adaptation or non-adaptive processes are the p

3 productive chemical process would partake of Darwinian advantages over more complex fragmentary chemi

4 A visionary Darwinian ahead of his time, George C.

5 mour subclones and their growth through both Darwinian and neutral evolution.

6 We heed the call to merge Darwinian and Newtonian strategies by balancing microphy

7 ing global-scale adaptive radiations support Darwinian and Simpsonian ideas of microevolution within

8 y, and support the generality and power of a darwinian approach.

9 is support and promising to counter any anti-Darwinian attack, and by 1868, Darwin was enjoying signi

10 ptive immune response, reflecting an almost "Darwinian" bias.

11 es are also considered as the possible first Darwinian biopolymer(s).

12 ests the frequent occurrence of a simple non-Darwinian (but non-Lamarckian) model for the evolution o

13 The inherently Darwinian character of cancer is the primary reason for

14 pens the way towards adaptive and evolutive (Darwinian) chemistry.

15 possible to make sense of it based on simple Darwinian computations that integrate multiple sources.

16 being stated in the literature, the original Darwinian concept and the new plant-centered concept.

17 An essential feature of the Darwinian concept is the distinction between primary and

18 In accord with this Darwinian concept, the phylogenomic approach to elucidat

19 , there are only shallow grounds for finding Darwinian concepts or population genetic theory incompat

20 just as he disputed Huxley's championing of darwinian continuity.

21 Robertson & Robinson insist their Darwinian daisies lose the ability for temperature regul

22 that the constraints on adaptation recovers Darwinian daisies' ability of temperature regulation on

23 Robinson presented what they describe as a "Darwinian Daisyworld" in which the ability of organisms

24 Its variants are Darwinian Daisyworlds in which daisies can adapt themsel

25 This study explores so-called Darwinian Daisyworlds mathematically rigorously in detai

26 d Law introduced the conceptual idea of the 'Darwinian Demon': an organism that simultaneously maximi

27 bacteria in the microbial world reveals that Darwinian Demons do not exist on Earth, and the popular

28 The hallmark of the Darwinian discourse of 2009 is the plurality of evolutio

29 Has Darwinian (diversifying) selection at the genomic level

30 Darwinian dynamics based on mutation and selection form

31 imaging can enable us to define intratumoral Darwinian dynamics before and during therapy.

32 typic adaptations that govern the underlying Darwinian dynamics.

33 Thus, in the Darwinian environment of a cancer, the fitter chemosensi

34 ae to Darwin's On the Origin of Species, the Darwinian era up to the Cladistic Revolution, and the He

35 eredity, specific XNAs have the capacity for Darwinian evolution and folding into defined structures.

36 ished inferences regarding Mendel's views on Darwinian evolution are contradictory and enigmatic, wit

37 Objections to Darwinian evolution are often based on the time required

38 ter cell growth, leading to the emergence of Darwinian evolution at the cellular level.

39 ite of core principles that underlie organic Darwinian evolution but also extend them in new ways and

40 results confirm that the Gaia hypothesis and Darwinian evolution can coexist.

41 nset of lineage- and genome-wide accelerated Darwinian evolution during rapid species diversification

42 Their positive Darwinian evolution enables them to approach optimized f

43 Darwinian evolution experiments carried out on xeno-nucl

44 Darwinian evolution favours genotypes with high replicat

45 Understanding how darwinian evolution gives rise to human language require

46 rocesses of "stochastic innovation," such as Darwinian evolution in biology, that involve a search am

47 Just as Darwinian evolution in nature has led to the development

48 e development of many sophisticated enzymes, Darwinian evolution in vitro has proven to be a powerful

49 Darwinian evolution is based on three fundamental princi

50 Here, we have applied Darwinian evolution methods to evolve, in vitro, a TNA r

51 Darwinian evolution of humans from our common ancestors

52 t least 50 million years ago has enabled the Darwinian evolution of methylation patterns over geologi

53 million years through a process analogous to Darwinian evolution of the genome.

54 Darwinian evolution of tumor cells remains underexplored

55 ill lead to affinity maturation, replicating Darwinian evolution on the cellular level.

56 volution in bacteria by mapping the steps of Darwinian evolution onto the bacteriophage life cycle an

57 The advent of Darwinian evolution required the emergence of molecular

58 d evolution, which applies the principles of Darwinian evolution to a laboratory setting, is a powerf

59 atural genetic polymer capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution to generate folded molecules with li

60 ficial genetic polymer capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution to produce aptamers with affinity to

61 ndings shed light on strategies for reducing Darwinian evolution within the passaging medium in order

62 emerged recently in humans and lacks a "(neo)Darwinian evolution".

63 f the public lacks a proper understanding of Darwinian evolution, a problem that can be addressed wit

64 have shaped all proteins throughout positive Darwinian evolution, and many aspects of long-range wate

65 rt to synthesize chemical systems capable of Darwinian evolution, based on the encapsulation of self-

66 ion and selection are the core principles of Darwinian evolution, but quantitatively relating the div

67 he structural requirements needed to support Darwinian evolution, including a polyelectrolyte backbon

68 To understand the emergence of Darwinian evolution, it is necessary to identify physica

69 In Darwinian evolution, mutations occur approximately at ra

70 In Darwinian evolution, species that are better adapted to

71 ly in space and time following principles of Darwinian evolution, underpinning important emergent fea

72 iculous scientist who accepted the tenets of Darwinian evolution, while privately pinpointing aspects

73 s, thus providing the basis for genetics and Darwinian evolution.

74 hesis might have been sufficient to initiate Darwinian evolution.

75 yield, replication of longer sequences, and darwinian evolution.

76 ence of RNA self-replication and precellular Darwinian evolution.

77 lized chemical system capable of spontaneous Darwinian evolution.

78 Cancer recapitulates Darwinian evolution.

79 tumorigenesis as derived from a process like Darwinian evolution.

80 arguments concerning mathematical limits to Darwinian evolution.

81 ish a new paradigm for the chemical basis of Darwinian evolution.

82 t is an artificial genetic system capable of Darwinian evolution.

83 thod looks at cancer progression as a local, Darwinian evolution.

84 the way that genetic mutation is utilized by Darwinian evolution.

85 a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution.

86 for accurate information transfer, and thus Darwinian evolution.

87 on reaction dynamics that could have started Darwinian evolution.

88 rotein function based on natural history and Darwinian evolution.

89 tibodies specific for the pathogen through a Darwinian evolutionary process known as affinity maturat

90 ting selection forces that can frustrate the Darwinian evolutionary process of affinity maturation.

91 Tumor development is a Darwinian evolutionary process, involving the interplay

92 Cancers emerge from an ongoing Darwinian evolutionary process, often leading to multipl

93 cally variant cells, which is similar to the Darwinian evolutionary processes now thought to generate

94 Neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory is based on exquisite sele

95 subject to considerable controversy in post-Darwinian evolutionary theory, we review evidence that s

96 is have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory.

97 e an inheritance system that can evolve in a Darwinian fashion?

98 nds itself can have adverse consequences for Darwinian fitness and, later, for health.

99 y and assume that individuals maximize their Darwinian fitness by making economically rational decisi

100 oning 40 haploid genomes and measuring their Darwinian fitness in both sexes.

101 Flowers are vehicles of Darwinian fitness in flowering plants and are attacked b

102 e risk and mortality, and it also influences Darwinian fitness in social mammals more generally.

103 Darwinian fitness is a central concept in evolutionary b

104 rves have been based on the proposition that Darwinian fitness is determined by the Malthusian parame

105 t for a range of very simple life histories, Darwinian fitness is equal to birth rate minus death rat

106 ss physiological hypoxic stress, have higher Darwinian fitness than women with low oxygen saturation

107 nd next-generation sequencing, we quantified Darwinian fitness under a high-temperature challenge for

108 If we avoid the mistake of equating Darwinian fitness with health and quality of life, the a

109 long-term survival and reproductive success (Darwinian fitness) are uncertain for vertebrates in the

110 iveness to threats, increasing the survival (Darwinian fitness) of injured animals during subsequent

111 Darwinian fitness, the capacity of a variant type to est

112 on and added nutrition, but since it reduces Darwinian fitness, the evolution of anticannibalistic st

113 en the manifold ways that depression impairs Darwinian fitness, the persistence in the human genome o

114 vironment to health and mortality as well as Darwinian fitness-outcomes of interest to social scienti

115 to fend off herbivorous insects can increase Darwinian fitness.

116 ormative models of animal decision making is Darwinian fitness.

117 entropy, which is the appropriate measure of Darwinian fitness.

118 s whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness.

119 demonstrating the contribution of miRNAs to darwinian fitness.

120 ata on heritability of characters underlying Darwinian fitness.

121 nes to the next generation, increasing their Darwinian fitness.

122 ntly maintain their reproductive success and Darwinian fitness.

123 rs where to lay eggs is promoted in terms of Darwinian fitness.

124 tion and selection of somatic mutations in a Darwinian framework result in intra-tumor heterogeneity

125 on of RNA splicing is a prime example of the Darwinian function follows form concept.

126 selection (i.e. 'ecological' speciation), a Darwinian hypothesis that hardly requires justification.

127 dings capture key events in the evolution of Darwinian individuality during the transition from singl

128 nge (if there was such) and the specifically Darwinian input.

129 use of mathematical modeling of intratumoral Darwinian interactions of environmental selection forces

130 Darwinian interactions of these subpopulations were inve

131 ars have usually given Darwin's theory a neo-Darwinian interpretation.

132 inction between different island systems is "darwinian" islands (formed de novo) and "fragment" islan

133 Thus, the two prerequisites of Darwinian life-the replication of genetic information an

134 population structure can exogenously impose Darwinian-like properties on communities.

135 These phases appear to undergo Darwinian-like selection and propagation, yet remarkably

136 w complex functional synergies can evolve by Darwinian means.

137 f replication with variation that supports a Darwinian mechanism to select the most behaviorally usef

138 n designed systems, arises naturally through Darwinian mechanisms.

139 ept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early comm

140 ant components of what is being marketed as 'Darwinian medicine'.

141 nce might be considered a challenge to a neo-darwinian micromutationist view of evolution, there are

142 ical model for the relative contributions of Darwinian mixing and turbulent wake mixing is created an

143 sible for resistance to therapy has led to a Darwinian model of clonal selection.

144 ubstantial phenotypic diversity in a classic Darwinian model of evolution.

145 cted in a gradual manner consistent with the Darwinian model of natural selection.

146 role of consumer selection, we constructed a Darwinian music engine consisting of a population of sho

147 ween-organism interactions in the context of Darwinian natural selection and evolution, and that the

148 Most methods for detecting Darwinian natural selection at the molecular level rely

149 to have been the first biopolymer to support Darwinian natural selection on Earth.

150 tive behavior can become established through Darwinian natural selection.

151 s and endosymbiosis have been pitted against Darwinian or neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory.

152 me controversial aspects of the original neo-Darwinian paradigm.

153 others at one's own fitness expense, poses a darwinian paradox.

154 iour' in an attempt to resolve this apparent Darwinian paradox: how has SSB repeatedly evolved and pe

155 A case is made here for a Darwinian perspective on breast and prostate cancers, fo

156 d States, completing entomology's shift to a Darwinian perspective.

157 Strong Darwinian positive selection in chimpanzee ICAMs 1, 2 an

158 he fixation of a new allele can be driven by Darwinian positive selection or can be due to random gen

159 ctivity, LMTK3 seems to have been subject to Darwinian positive selection, a noteworthy result given

160 including humans) have been major targets of darwinian positive selection.

161 We suggest that the application of the Darwinian principle of 'descent with modification' can h

162 h into the origins of life subscribes to the Darwinian principle of material causes operating in an e

163 d robust landscape might be a realization of Darwinian principle of natural selection at cellular net

164 Funneled landscape is a realization of the Darwinian principle of natural selection at the cellular

165 Darwinian principles now play a greater role in biology

166 ors, as in all living systems, is subject to Darwinian principles; thus, it is governed by predictabl

167 Affinity maturation is a Darwinian process in which B lymphocytes evolve potent a

168 is behavior is actually caused by a standard Darwinian process in which natural selection acts in thr

169 angement" forming progenitor B cells, then a Darwinian process of lineage diversification and selecti

170 ught to drive leukemia progression through a Darwinian process of selection and evolution of increasi

171 cells evolve toward increased affinity by a Darwinian process that has been studied primarily in gen

172 atic hypermutation and isotype switch, and a Darwinian process very efficiently selects B cells with

173 ralocorticoid receptor-evolved by a stepwise Darwinian process.

174 In this Review, we focus on the Darwinian processes driving the eco-evolutionary dynamic

175 Like Darwinian processes, this simple chemical process exhibi

176 d molecular/cellular complexity can arise by Darwinian processes, while yielding no long-term increas

177 imal groups; there is much to learn from the Darwinian resolution of these situations for how to addr

178 The Darwinian revolution gave us a new form of explanation;

179 The Darwinian revolution is generally taken to be one of the

180 After the Darwinian revolution, biology is not only the study of t

181 s by addressing these questions: Was there a Darwinian revolution?

182 Was there a Darwinian revolution?

183 The Copernican and the Darwinian Revolutions may be seen as the two stages of t

184 is final letter to Nageli, Mendel proposed a Darwinian scenario for natural selection using the same

185 nomic comparisons show that strong, positive Darwinian selection acts on several mating-related genes

186 f accelerated sequence evolution by positive Darwinian selection after the split of humans and chimpa

187 Positive Darwinian selection also contributed to the diversificat

188 f sites in the viral gene under diversifying Darwinian selection and demonstrated the importance of i

189 e E6 and E5 ORFs are evolving under positive Darwinian selection and have done so in a relatively sho

190 geneous cell populations that are subject to Darwinian selection and may respond differentially to tr

191 The combined effects of Darwinian selection and mutability contribute substantia

192 with some under diversity-enhancing positive Darwinian selection and others, including calcium-bindin

193 ught to be shaped by the competition between Darwinian selection and random genetic drift at the rang

194 Thus, positive Darwinian selection and recombination have affected the

195 te that 102 trajectories are inaccessible to Darwinian selection and that many of the remaining traje

196 pidly than the parental gene, under positive Darwinian selection as revealed by the McDonald-Kreitman

197 oth adaptation at the level of phenotype and Darwinian selection at the level of genes, correlations

198 plosion of interest in evidence for positive Darwinian selection at the molecular level.

199 eatment with vincristine is not explained by Darwinian selection but by Lamarckian induction.

200 Even without genetic mutations, Darwinian selection can expand these resistant variants,

201 We found that IGF2 is subject to positive Darwinian selection coincident with the evolution of pla

202 his pattern, which is indicative of positive Darwinian selection favoring amino acid changes in these

203 have previously been shown to exert positive Darwinian selection favoring amino acid replacements of

204 te, possibly driven by a continuous positive Darwinian selection for a novel function, as is shown in

205 We found that, unexpectedly, positive Darwinian selection for amino acid replacements outside

206 In contrast, there appears to be Darwinian selection for sequons containing Thr, but not

207 We conclude that there is Darwinian selection for sequons in phylogenetically disp

208 disruptions to cellular growth control with Darwinian selection for those heritable changes that pro

209 e extent to which weak negative and positive darwinian selection have driven the molecular evolution

210 hasis on detecting the footprint of positive Darwinian selection in microbial genomes.

211 idance is not sufficient to explain positive Darwinian selection in reproductive proteins across taxo

212 lief that more genes have undergone positive Darwinian selection in the human lineage than in the chi

213 f the AFP paralogues is promoted by positive Darwinian selection in two independently evolved AFPs fr

214 Rapid evolution driven by positive Darwinian selection is a recurrent theme in male reprodu

215 Previously unsuspected Darwinian selection is detected in several genes in whic

216 We conclude that Darwinian selection is not responsible for increased fre

217 tatistical approaches, we show that positive darwinian selection is often the driving force behind th

218 tion of sites predicted to be under positive Darwinian selection is sufficient to convert a deoxyhypu

219 Although diversifying (positive) Darwinian selection is thought to explain the origin and

220 by both Lamarckian induction and nongenetic Darwinian selection of drug-tolerant states.

221 henotypic heterogeneity is in part caused by Darwinian selection of subclones that arise by random (e

222 We observed Darwinian selection of target genes, which suppress tumo

223 Positive Darwinian selection on advantageous point substitutions

224 Positive Darwinian selection on genes is most easily discerned in

225 ours are thought to arise from the action of Darwinian selection on genetically heterogenous cancer c

226 um likelihood and Bayesian methods to detect Darwinian selection on the chloroplast rbcL gene in a sa

227 polymorphism indicate the action of positive Darwinian selection on the intron-absent variant.

228 on in a species and the strength of positive Darwinian selection on the seminal protein semenogelin I

229 methods for detecting site-specific positive Darwinian selection presents a challenge because selecti

230 Here we examined whether Darwinian selection pressure imposed by CD8(+) T cells i

231 ompetition for critical nutrients results in Darwinian selection pressures favoring phenotypes that i

232 gricultural revolution are still affected by Darwinian selection remains controversial among social s

233 e found no evidence for a period of positive Darwinian selection resulting in an accumulation of nega

234 Darwinian selection should preclude cooperation from evo

235 In earlier work, we used a Darwinian selection strategy to create human antibody va

236 Altogether, the correlation between Darwinian selection strength and evolutionary rate trend

237 ropocentric view that a grand enhancement in Darwinian selection underlies human origins.

238 ement on the relative importance of positive Darwinian selection versus relaxation of functional cons

239 arch for the landscape exhibited by positive Darwinian selection was conducted.

240 The initial darwinian selection was for molecular self-replication.

241 ns impact the basic biological process (e.g. Darwinian selection, development and information process

242 escribe how evolvability can be an object of Darwinian selection, emphasizing the collective nature o

243 prominent part of selection, counterpart to Darwinian selection, originates from the internal enviro

244 s variant could have been caused by positive Darwinian selection, presumably due to an ancestral FIV

245 because of genome duplications and positive Darwinian selection, suggesting that different hepcidins

246 Under Darwinian selection, the evolution of cooperation is a c

247 of which have evolved rapidly under positive Darwinian selection-little is known about the ecological

248 lso identified 273 mutations that were under Darwinian selection.

249 unctional constraints, and possibly positive Darwinian selection.

250 r adaptation and therapeutic failure through Darwinian selection.

251 ximum likelihood analysis detecting positive Darwinian selection.

252 os (d(N)/d(S)) over 1 indicative of positive Darwinian selection.

253 omplex phenotype that is a direct measure of Darwinian selection.

254 recognition proteins, evolve under positive darwinian selection.

255 nsequence of cancer cell evolution driven by Darwinian selection.

256 h parallel amino acid replacements driven by darwinian selection.

257 also be substantially influenced by positive Darwinian selection.

258 this divergence is often driven by positive Darwinian selection.

259 of carnivorous plants is caused by positive Darwinian selection.

260 onal differentiation as a result of positive Darwinian selection.

261 , are known to evolve rapidly under positive Darwinian selection.

262 stitutions, which is a signature of positive Darwinian selection.

263 esting that APOBEC3G has been under positive Darwinian selection.

264 d and the DM domain is likely under positive Darwinian selection.

265 one, sperm lysin evolves rapidly by positive Darwinian selection.

266 ptor for lysin has been promoted by positive Darwinian selection.

267 sistent with their being targets of positive Darwinian selection.

268 fferences between species driven by positive Darwinian selection.

269 divergence has been accelerated by positive Darwinian selection.

270 ivergence is adaptive and driven by positive Darwinian selection.

271 because of a lack of constraints or positive Darwinian selection.

272 olutionary genomic process with parallels to Darwinian selection.

273 including cancer and evolution of species on Darwinian selection.

274 pockets, were subjected to intense positive Darwinian selection; and (iii) the second Ao gene likely

275 is not necessarily an indication of positive darwinian selection; relaxation of negative selection is

276 to two subclusters (A and B), with positive (Darwinian) selection (dN/dS > 1.0) and an elevated rate

277 sts that it has been the target of positive (Darwinian) selection during recent human evolution.

278 Statistical evidence for positive Darwinian selective pressure against an immunodominant e

279 population fragmentation to produce a strong Darwinian selective pressure that drives forward the rap

280 Darwinian selective pressures alter L1 genomic distribut

281 Extinction may be constructive in a Darwinian sense or it may only perturb the system by eli

282 e 1950 s-70s, postulated carcinogenesis as a Darwinian somatic selection process.

283 odels of RNA replication within a primordial Darwinian soup, the origins of homochirality and homochi

284 kers in evolutionary biology of the post neo-Darwinian synthesis age.

285 s publication of The Origin, through the neo-Darwinian synthesis, to the present day, the observation

286 ndation of modern genetic theory and the neo-Darwinian synthesis.

287 However, to realize a true Darwinian system, the template-copying chemistry must be

288 nd thereby provide a molecular basis for neo-Darwinian theories that describe this nongradualist phen

289 and subsequent divergence is consistent with Darwinian theory of selection and adaptation, and the te

290 f widely accepted laws or principles, as in "Darwinian theory" or "quantum theory," and to suggest a

291 In neo-Darwinian theory, adaptation results from a response to

292 According to Darwinian theory, complexity evolves by a stepwise proce

293 logist of Illinois and an early proponent of Darwinian theory.

294 ed, and they may also be better supported by Darwinian theory.

295 a are often based on typological rather than Darwinian thinking, raising important issues about the q

296 This critical point is called the "Darwinian Threshold" for the reasons given.

297 proliferation rates, which drive relapse by Darwinian-type clonal evolution.

298 The classic neo-darwinian view postulates that species differences resul

299 This contrasts with neo-Darwinian views of genetic change rates blind to environ

300 iologists because it seemed paradoxical in a Darwinian world.