ライフサイエンスコーパス: EHV-1

1 EHV-1 and BHV-1 Us9 were able to fully compensate for th

2 EHV-1 did not alter the cellular level of Janus-activate

3 EHV-1 entry was thought to occur exclusively through fus

4 EHV-1 is transmitted with respiratory secretions by nose

5 EHV-1 productively infected four of these cell lines, an

6 EHV-1 strain KyA is attenuated in the mouse and equine,

7 EHV-1-specific CTL could be restimulated from the spleen

8 The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) alpha-trans-inducing factor homologue (ETIF; VP16

9 h the alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) displayed reduced body weight loss but had higher

10 t the alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) efficiently entered and replicated in CHO-K1 cell

11 placed with the SRT of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) IEP, its trans-activation activity was completely

12 The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early (IE) and EICP0 proteins are poten

13 The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early (IE) phosphoprotein is essential

14 iratory infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in CBA (H-2(k)) mice was investigated.

15 best option to combat equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection, and several different strategies of va

16 Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a major pathogen affecting equines worldwide.

17 Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, and its br

18 Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a viral pathogen of horse populations worldwid

19 2 protein (EICP22P) of Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an early protein that functions synergisticall

20 The EICP0 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an early, viral regulatory protein that indepe

21 tivates all classes of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) promoters but, unexpectedly, trans-activates its

22 iently transduced with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) reconstituted from viral DNA maintained and manip

23 lung by the pathogenic equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strain RacL11 in comparison to infection with the

24 Wild-type equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strains express a large (250-kDa) glycoprotein, g

25 Most equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strains, including the naturally occurring virule

26 rus type 1 (HSV-1) and equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), and of channel catfish virus, an evolutionarily

27 the diseases caused by equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), especially the neurologic form.

28 er alphaherpesviruses: equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), varicella-zoster virus, and pseudorabies virus,

29 t 5 h postinfection in equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1)-infected HeLa and equine NBL6 cells.

30 athogenic phenotype of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1).

31 rinary pathogens, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and fused

32 (DI) particles of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) are capable of mediating persistent infection.

33 Here, we used equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) as a model to determine residues in EHV-1 gG that

34 is study, we used equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) as a model to study the pathophysiological import

35 t EHV-1.IMPORTANCEEquine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion storms, and

36 ype 1 (HSV-1) and equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) failed to support DNA replication in cells.

37 s the role of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) ICP0 protein (EICP0) in gene regulation, a variet

38 Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a contagious respiratory pathogen that infects

39 Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) outbreaks continue to occur despite widely used v

40 .IMPORTANCE Nasal equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) shedding is essential for virus transmission duri

41 ytic animal virus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was evaluated for its oncolytic potential against

42 Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a member of the Alphaherpesviridae, displays a b

43 s type 1 (BHV-1), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and varicella-zoster v

44 alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1).

45 The BHV-1, EHV-1, and PRV proteins complement ICP0-null mutant HSV-

46 n-immune horses, together with low or absent EHV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies during viral repl

47 howed that the EICP0 protein trans-activated EHV-1 promoters harboring only a minimal promoter region

48 y protein that independently trans-activates EHV-1 immediate-early (IE), early, gamma1 late, and gamm

49 sting that the EICP0 protein trans-activates EHV-1 promoters by interactions with general transcripti

50 In addition, EHV-1 infection of the B78H1 MHC-I-expressing cell lines

51 RT provide the first line of defense against EHV-1 and are crucial for orchestrating immunity.

52 gesting that it could protect horses against EHV-1 infection.

53 ic understanding of mucosal immunity against EHV-1 and can support the development of enhanced diagno

54 al replication, and mucosal immunity against EHV-1.IMPORTANCEEquine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes

55 f developing effective immunotherapy against EHV-1.

56 ns a viable immunotherapeutic option against EHV-1 infection.

57 unity can be essential in protecting against EHV-1 and to reduce EHM outbreaks.

58 may constitute markers of protection against EHV-1 and be utilized as indicators for improved vaccine

59 HC-I, indicating that human MHC-I acts as an EHV-1 entry receptor on glioma cells.

60 binant virus was constructed by inserting an EHV-1 gD expression cassette under the control of the cy

61 Previously, we demonstrated that an EHV-1 strain of the neuropathogenic genotype, T953, down

62 oma cells, these cells were infected with an EHV-1 lacZ reporter virus, and cells that supported viru

63 l responses, antibody isotype functions, and EHV-1 replication of susceptible (non-immune) and clinic

64 r new strategies for the development of anti-EHV-1 agents in the equine.

65 together to significantly trans-activate any EHV-1 promoter, and (iv) the EICP27 and EICP0 proteins f

66 e, this is the first report of an attenuated EHV-1 vaccine that protects the animal at 1 to 7 days po

67 t EHV-1 KyA may be used as a live attenuated EHV-1 vaccine as well as a prophylactic agent in horses.

68 .n.) inoculation of mice with the attenuated EHV-1 strain KyA resulted in the generation of a primary

69 The attenuated EHV-1 vaccine strain KyA harbors an in-frame deletion of

70 Because EHV-1 was not neutralized by human sera containing high

71 The administration of IFN-gamma blocked EHV-1 replication in murine alveolar macrophages and mou

72 ive regulator of ROCK1 significantly blocked EHV-1 infection.

73 As characteristic alphaherpesviruses, both EHV-1 and EHV-4 can establish latency, resulting in a li

74 protein; and (iv) the EICP0 protein of both EHV-1 strains is a potent transactivator of EHV-1 genes.

75 signaling pathway targeted for inhibition by EHV-1.

76 f suppression of phosphorylation of STAT2 by EHV-1 implicated viral late gene expression.

77 assay (EHV1-4MP) that simultaneously detects EHV-1 and EHV-4 and includes an endogenous internal cont

78 Therefore, a new allelic discrimination EHV-1 rPCR assay (E(1)) was developed by redesigning pri

79 ed that (i) the IR2P by itself downregulated EHV-1 early promoters (EICP0, TK, EICP22, and EICP27) in

80 As with other alphaherpesviruses, efficient EHV-1 entry was dependent on glycoprotein D and cell sur

81 Infection with either EHV-1 strain resulted in the accumulation of similar num

82 protected (immune) horses after experimental EHV-1 infection.

83 etermined to be approximately two copies for EHV-1, four copies for EHV-4, and 10 copies for the equi

84 An ETIF-null mutant from EHV-1 strain RacL11 (vL11deltaETIF) was constructed and

85 ough this rPCR assay can detect and genotype EHV-1 strains, subsequent studies demonstrated that it l

86 Protected horses had EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 antibodies prior to challenge infe

87 These data help illuminate how EHV-1 strategically inhibits the host innate immune defe

88 The current state of research on how EHV-1 interferes with the protective effect of type I IF

89 However, EHV-1 reduced the cellular level of expression of tyrosi

90 these T-cell populations revealed identical EHV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses.

91 The TADs of IE62, EHV-1 IEP, and HSV-1 VP16 interacted with cellular Media

92 entation assays showed that the TAD of IE62, EHV-1 IEP, and HSV-1 VP16 interacted with Mediator 25 in

93 sing modification for generating an improved EHV-1 vaccine.

94 ected cells; however, the amount of NREBP in EHV-1-infected L-M cells that bound to the Nb oligonucle

95 rapid early host protein shutoff occurred in EHV-1-infected cells led us to test EHV-1 vhs activity m

96 an important role for the EICP22 protein in EHV-1 gene regulation.

97 (EHV-1) as a model to determine residues in EHV-1 gG that are involved in the processes of chemokine

98 Murine IFN-gamma inhibited EHV-1 infection of murine alveolar macrophages and prote

99 V-1-susceptible cell type were inserted into EHV-1-resistant B78H1 murine melanoma cells, these cells

100 corresponding mutations were introduced into EHV-1 UL8.

101 acrophages and protected mice against lethal EHV-1 challenge, suggesting that IFN-gamma expression is

102 Mucosal EHV-1-specific antibody responses were associated with E

103 mune horses secreted high amounts of mucosal EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 antibodies and quickly upregulated

104 ame 2 deletion mutant of the neuropathogenic EHV-1 strain Ab4 (Ab4DeltaORF2) was tested as a vaccine

105 eexisting nasal IgG4/7 antibodies neutralize EHV-1, prevent viral entry, and thereby protect from dis

106 IgG1 and IgG4/7 neutralized EHV-1, while IgG3/5, IgG6, and IgA did not.

107 ially neuropathogenic and nonneuropathogenic EHV-1 strains.

108 This novel EHV-1 receptor was discovered using a cDNA library from

109 r was absolutely essential for activation of EHV-1 promoters, since deletion of the entire RING finge

110 ICP0 proteins are potent trans-activators of EHV-1 promoters; however, in transient-transfection assa

111 Analysis of EHV-1-reactive IgG subtypes demonstrated that vaccinatio

112 nt for the trans-activation of each class of EHV-1 promoters.

113 f representative promoters of all classes of EHV-1 genes and contains a negative regulatory element (

114 sufficient for activation of all classes of EHV-1 promoters, (iii) the RING finger was absolutely es

115 sential function in the replication cycle of EHV-1, and its main role appears to be in secondary enve

116 id, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of EHV-1 and EHV-4.

117 Therefore, development of EHV-1 vaccines providing improved immunity and protectio

118 ion of full-length gp2 in the development of EHV-1 vaccines.

119 In the present study, the effects of EHV-1 and HSV-1 infections on cellular protein synthesis

120 may function in the coordinate expression of EHV-1 genes.

121 a vector for the heterologous expression of EHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) and that the intramuscular imm

122 Here we report on the function of EHV-1 ETIF in the context of viral infection.

123 or the detection and A/G(2254) genotyping of EHV-1, making this improved rPCR assay a valuable diagno

124 , comprehensive analysis of glycosylation of EHV-1 gG revealed that N-glycosylation is not required f

125 After intranasal instillation of EHV-1 into mice, efficient transgene expression in lungs

126 detected reference and clinical isolates of EHV-1 and EHV-4, and did not detect other equid herpesvi

127 vaccines against EHM, and the management of EHV-1 outbreaks.

128 antly, in vivo analyses in a murine model of EHV-1 infection showed that neutrophil migration in the

129 The NREBP is also present in the nucleus of EHV-1-infected cells; however, the amount of NREBP in EH

130 agnostic tool for investigating outbreaks of EHV-1 infection.

131 of ORF30 was used to confirm the presence of EHV-1 and characterize the genotype (A(2254) or G(2254))

132 d glycoproteins the hypervariable regions of EHV-1 gG, a vCKBP, and the closely related EHV-4 gG, whi

133 al antibodies can prevent the replication of EHV-1 at the epithelium of the URT and, thereby, the pro

134 ta5, are important during the early steps of EHV-1 entry via endocytosis in CHO-K1 cells.

135 In such assays, supernatants of EHV-1-infected cells significantly inhibited IL-8-induce

136 e not essential for EICP0 transactivation of EHV-1 promoters.

137 EHV-1 strains is a potent transactivator of EHV-1 genes.

138 ld be transduced with one infectious unit of EHV-1 per cell.

139 When inserted into the promoters of other EHV-1 genes, this sequence also downregulated activation

140 or functions in conjunction with three other EHV-1 regulatory proteins to activate expression of the

141 in that functions synergistically with other EHV-1 regulatory proteins to transactivate the expressio

142 nalysis revealed that EUs4 of the pathogenic EHV-1 strain RacL11 is an open reading frame of 2,376 bp

143 lammatory response induced by the pathogenic EHV-1 strain RacL11.

144 munity against infection with the pathogenic EHV-1 strain, RacL11.

145 Ab4DeltaORF2 vaccination prevented EHV-1 challenge virus replication in the upper respirato

146 on and virus growth assays, the IR2P reduced EHV-1 production by 23-fold compared to virus titers ach

147 n cooperates with the IE protein to regulate EHV-1 gene expression.

148 Downstream of JAK1-TYK2 signaling, EHV-1 blocked the phosphorylation and activation of sign

149 lts were in 100% concordance with singleplex EHV-1 and EHV-4 assays.

150 3 clinical specimens from cases of suspected EHV-1 infection.

151 was linked to preexisting local and systemic EHV-1-specific antibodies combined with rapidly increasi

152 urred in EHV-1-infected cells led us to test EHV-1 vhs activity more thoroughly and to examine the ex

153 From these results we conclude that EHV-1's low vhs activity in infected cells is not a refl

154 ors HveA, HveB, and HveC, demonstrating that EHV-1 utilizes a unique entry receptor.

155 the data in this study provide evidence that EHV-1 entry via endocytosis is triggered by the interact

156 RSD motif present in gD and, moreover, that EHV-1 uses different cellular entry pathways to infect i

157 Data from our study revealed that EHV-1 infection of EECs significantly reduced both Toll-

158 These results show that EHV-1 can enter disparate cell types by at least two dis

159 In addition, we show that EHV-1 enters peripheral blood mononuclear cells predomin

160 We also show that EHV-1 infection requires the activation of cell signalin

161 In this study, we show that EHV-1 KyA immunization effectively protected CBA mice fr

162 aveola-dependent endocytosis, we showed that EHV-1 entry into CHO-K1 cells does not require clathrin

163 Previously, we showed that EHV-1 infects Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells even

164 These results suggest that EHV-1 KyA may be used as a live attenuated EHV-1 vaccine

165 , and its broad tissue tropism suggests that EHV-1 may use multiple receptors to initiate virus entry

166 mary, we demonstrate for the first time that EHV-1 gG not only binds to chemokines but is also capabl

167 The EHV-1 EICP22 protein, a homolog of ICP22 of herpes simpl

168 rovide the first line of defense against the EHV-1.

169 gG variants containing the EHV-1 hypervariable region were able to bind chemokines

170 ever, further analyses revealed that (i) the EHV-1 vhs homolog gene, ORF19, was transcribed and trans

171 l analysis revealed that an RSD motif in the EHV-1 envelope glycoprotein D (gD) is critical for entry

172 equence-specific DNA-binding activity of the EHV-1 immediate-early protein (IEP).

173 o examine the expression and function of the EHV-1 UL41 homolog, ORF19.

174 The sequence data revealed that the EHV-1-susceptible cells had acquired an E. caballus MHC-

175 cDNAs from this EHV-1-susceptible cell type were inserted into EHV-1-res

176 detected in cells infected with any of three EHV-1 strains (Ab4, KyA, and KyD) at multiplicities of i

177 etermine the relative contribution of gp2 to EHV-1 pathogenesis, we compared the course of respirator

178 These cell lines were susceptible to EHV-1 infection while the parental B78H1 cells remained

179 s we conclude that full-length and truncated EHV-1 gp2 are not functionally equivalent and cannot com

180 and IgG4/7 and rapid B-cell activation upon EHV-1 infection are essential for virus neutralization,

181 Successful immunization using EHV-1 was shown after delivery of the human immunodefici

182 The VC2-EHV-1-gD recombinant virus was constructed by inserting

183 Vaccination with both the VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine and the commercially available vaccine

184 s demonstrated that vaccination with the VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine stimulated robust IgG1 and IgG2a antibo

185 nimals.IMPORTANCE A novel virus-vectored VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine was constructed using the live-attenuat

186 Vaccination with VC2-EHV-1-gD stimulated strong cellular immune responses, ch

187 Shedding of infectious virus, EHV-1 copy numbers, viral RNA expression, and host B-cel

188 While EHV-1 was able to significantly reduce IRF9 mRNA at both

189 ckly upregulated B-cell pathway genes, while EHV-1 was undetected by virus isolation and PCR.

190 ific antibody responses were associated with EHV-1 shedding and viral RNA transcription.

191 hat were shown to be uniformly infected with EHV-1.