ライフサイエンスコーパス: Giardia

1 um, and with the village illiteracy rate for Giardia.

2 oaggregative Escherichia coli, norovirus, or Giardia.

3 the single cell organisms Chlamydomonas and Giardia.

4 Cryptosporidium and ca. 0.10 raw no's/L for Giardia.

5 ression of exogenous and endogenous genes in Giardia.

6 -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) homopolymer in Giardia.

7 ocesses for the survival and transmission of Giardia.

8 s incubated with both lipopolysaccharide and Giardia.

9 etal rearrangement during differentiation of Giardia.

10 binding to cytoskeletal protein partners in Giardia.

11 ic data supportive of sexual reproduction in Giardia.

12 No intervention reduced Giardia.

13 ment of a protective immune response against Giardia.

14 Intestinal pathogens Shigella (36%), Giardia (33%), and Campylobacter (30%) predominated, but

15 Flagellar movement in Giardia, a common intestinal parasitic protist, is cruci

16 cytoskeleton in Giardia to determine whether Giardia actin (giActin) has reduced or conserved roles i

17 a single G protein, giRac, which affects the Giardia actin cytoskeleton independently of known target

18 as we predict drugs that interfere with the Giardia actin cytoskeleton will not affect the mammalian

19 revealed no influence of these factors upon Giardia adhesion.

20 iency and simplicity of CRISPRi in polyploid Giardia allows rapid evaluation of knockdown phenotypes

21 epolymerizing protein, such as kinesin-13 in Giardia, along the length of the flagellum.

22 very, established by FCM, was around 30% for Giardia and 13% for Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts.

23 echanistic interaction between rotavirus and Giardia and between rotavirus and Escherichia coli/Shige

24 ort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with monthly Giardia and continuous diarrheal surveillance.

25 irm that immunoassays are more sensitive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium detection, but our experienc

26 es are capable of predicting the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fresh surface waters in t

27 imized for the prediction of the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in our location and were clo

28 Giardia and Cryptosporidium shedding increased near larg

29 Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in canal water

30 ranges: 15-855 and 0-240 oo(cysts)/liter for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, respectively) in 85 to 300

31 k test (TechLab, Inc.), a screening test for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, was evaluated with 136 feca

32 monitoring specifically for Cryptosporidium, Giardia and microsporidia.

33 is a key factor in the innate recognition of Giardia and that recruitment of mast cells and activatio

34 ogens Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Isospora, Giardia, and Entamoeba histolytica are discussed.

35 r intestinal nematodes, schistosoma species, giardia, and entamoeba were calculated among refugees wh

36 no direct evidence of sexual reproduction in Giardia, and population data have suggested clonal repro

37 t mice, conferred passive protection against Giardia, and recognized several conserved giardial Ags,

38 gen types (modeled as diarrheagenic E. coli, Giardia, and rotavirus) in drinking water, consistent wi

39 constantly commingle, different genotypes of Giardia are almost always found in dogs and humans, sugg

40 Infections with Giardia are among the most common causes of food and wat

41 n pathogens including Cryptosporidium and/or Giardia at the single (oo)cyst level.

42 the major cysteine endoprotease expressed in Giardia, but is also central to the encystation process.

43 CR was the best predictor of the presence of Giardia, but not an important predictor of the presence

44 cholesterol-enriched LRs were isolated from Giardia by density gradient centrifugation and found to

45 to uncover the role of Nek8445 in regulating Giardia cell division.

46 Giardia chronically cocultured with specific cell lines

47 re present in animals, plants, trypanosomes, Giardia, ciliates, alga, and slime molds [3-8].

48 These Giardia cocultures grew better than nonconditioned troph

49 rture from the null value of 0 for rotavirus-Giardia coinfections (interaction contrast ratio = 8.0,

50 departure from the value of 1 for rotavirus-Giardia coinfections (multiplicative interaction = 3.6,

51 Giardia colonization and proliferation in the small inte

52 Specifically, Giardia colonization is typified by both expansions in a

53 criteria to guide the discovery of new anti-Giardia compounds.

54 Additionally, Giardia contains a single G protein, giRac, which affect

55 We modeled observed Cryptosporidium and Giardia contamination in community ponds (n = 94; 79% co

56 e, and UV over oxidant exposures relevant to Giardia control coupled with postchloramination under co

57 d diarrhea include detectable parasitic (eg, Giardia, Cryptosporidium) and bacterial (eg, enteroaggre

58 be 444, 6, and 9 parasites per reaction for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba parasites, respe

59 68 gene copies per reaction of the synthetic Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba targets, respect

60 NA from any of the diarrhea-causing protozoa Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba.

61 RPA assay to detect the presence of DNA from Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba.

62 impact of RBF on consumer health burdens for Giardia, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, norovirus, and aden

63 The Giardia/Cryptosporidium Chek test (TechLab, Inc.), a scr

64 STCUL), ova/parasite (O&P) examinations, and Giardia/Cryptosporidium enzyme immunoassay screens (GC-E

65 remain to be determined for the cyst wall of Giardia, current data suggest a relatively simple fibril

66 Giardia cyst wall proteins are also lectins that bind fi

67 sed cyst wall protein 2 to the size found in Giardia cyst walls.

68 These data suggest that Giardia cysteine protease 2 is not only the major cystei

69 The mRNA transcript for Giardia cysteine protease 2 was 7-fold up-regulated duri

70 Giardia cysteine protease 2 was co-localized with cyst w

71 Recombinant Giardia cysteine protease 2 was expressed, purified, and

72 Giardia cysteine protease 2 was the most highly expresse

73 ischarge detectable levels of helminth eggs, Giardia cysts, and Cryptosporidium oocysts, but the UASB

74 Surprisingly, Giardia cytokinesis occurred with a median time that is

75 s from either bacterial RNase III enzymes or Giardia Dicer.

76 Giardia did not grow in spent cell culture medium or whe

77 Another paper demonstrates that Giardia does undergo sexual reproduction with outcrossin

78 Frontline anti-Giardia drugs are also associated with increasing drug r

79 d well-being of millions, new selective anti-Giardia drugs are needed alongside improved health educa

80 ricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and Giardia duodenalis among children born to the enrolled p

81 Giardia duodenalis is a major cause of infectious gastro

82 Giardia duodenalis is a major gastrointestinal parasite

83 Giardia duodenalis is a noninvasive luminal pathogen tha

84 Giardia duodenalis is a small intestinal parasite respon

85 Infection with Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of d

86 Giardia duodenalis is responsible for the majority of pa

87 The study shows that Giardia duodenalis may induce CFS persisting as long as

88 Giardia intestinalis, Giardia duodenalis) is an enteric protozoan parasite wit

89 Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium, Ancylostoma, Uncina

90 jority of parasitic infections are caused by Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidi

91 ta have defined seven genetic Assemblages of Giardia duodenalis, named A-G.

92 asites, while a third (Vilyaviridae) infects Giardia duodenalis.

93 wo strains, WB and GS, of the human parasite Giardia duodenalis.

94 2) included O&P, 27.9% (n = 47,666) included Giardia EIA, and 5.7% (n = 9,754) included Cryptosporidi

95 otavirus, adenovirus, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia enterica, and Cryptosporidium species were detec

96 Prevalent enteric pathogens include Ascaris, Giardia, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, and

97 Humans infected with Giardia exhibit intestinal hypermotility, but the underl

98 It has been shown that Giardia exhibits high levels of alpha-11 giardin mRNA tr

99 CI: 1.45 to 4.04), but insignificant in the Giardia exposed (OR: 1.29; 95 % CI: 0.88 to 1.88).

100 hort study with mailed questionnaire to 1252 Giardia exposed and a control cohort matched by gender a

101 20 cells were persistently elevated in all 3 Giardia-exposed groups.

102 Giardia exposure was a significant risk factor for persi

103 heir growth rate to that seen in conditioned Giardia from the heterologous cell line.

104 uodenal mucosal lymphocytes during and after Giardia gastroenteritis in patients who did, or did not,

105 f pathogenic Escherichia coli, norovirus, or Giardia genes in the domestic environment in the sanitat

106 Previous analyses of the Giardia genome exposed numerous genes required for meios

107 seven clan CA cysteine protease genes in the Giardia genome was measured during both vegetative growt

108 Giardia genotypes are classified into 8 assemblages (A-H

109 We undertook a case-control study with Giardia genotyping in North West England, to determine g

110 l study to combine epidemiological data with Giardia genotyping, and it shows the importance of integ

111 Giardia has 198 Nek kinases whereas humans have only 11.

112 Giardia has a complex microtubule cytoskeleton that incl

113 Although presumed to be asexual, Giardia has low levels of allelic heterozygosity, indica

114 However, Giardia has some MCC components (Bub3, Mad2, and Mps1) a

115 Cysteine proteases in Giardia have been implicated in proteolytic processing e

116 Using the results of the Giardia II test and Cryptosporidium II test as gold stan

117 SS) required analysis of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in 10 L surface water samples twice a week for a

118 Presence of Giardia in a monthly surveillance stool within the first

119 Detection of Cryptosporidium and/or Giardia in a tubewell was positively associated with dam

120 -based assays for predicting the presence of Giardia in fresh surface water.

121 Giardia in samples from 44 children was genotyped.

122 sing seasonal rainfall decreased the risk of Giardia in STWs and ponds.

123 for STWs, and the village literacy rate (for Giardia in STWs).

124 ustrates key features of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water: presence is continuous not int

125 The data describe Cryptosporidium and Giardia in watersheds nation-wide over a single annual c

126 pathogens among 17,011 African refugees were giardia (in 5.7%), trichuris (in 5.0%), and schistosoma

127 Giardia-induced changes in smooth muscle function appear

128 s, we created a quantitative index of murine Giardia-induced microbial dysbiosis.

129 th persistent abdominal symptoms after acute Giardia infection (PI-FGID), 19 recovered controls (RCs)

130 e decreased by 15.3% from 3 to 6 years after Giardia infection (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, .62-.77]).

131 Giardia infection also appears to be a significant risk

132 The association between exposure to Giardia infection and perceived food intolerance differe

133 pparent association between OAB and previous Giardia infection can be ascribed to comorbid functional

134 This work in part explains how Giardia infection can lead to growth retardation, and ma

135 252 individuals who had laboratory-confirmed Giardia infection during a waterborne outbreak in 2004.

136 Giardia infection in a nonendemic setting is associated

137 Patients who three years after Giardia infection met Chalder's criteria for chronic fat

138 To evaluate the impact of Giardia infection on the host microbiota, we used cultur

139 t changes in the microbiota composition upon Giardia infection partially depend on the host backgroun

140 Exposure to Giardia infection was associated with perceived food int

141 lymphocyte alterations were prolonged after Giardia infection, but similar in patients who developed

142 ly significantly associated with exposure to Giardia infection.

143 l syndrome and chronic fatigue 6 years after Giardia infection.

144 There are several good diagnostic tests for Giardia infection.

145 ys that might be involved in the response to Giardia infection.

146 and anti-vinculin antibodies, and tests for Giardia infection.

147 rcadian clock in the host response following Giardia infection.

148 While Giardia infections can be asymptomatic, they often resul

149 However, limited data suggest that initial Giardia infections in early infancy may be positively as

150 indicate that differential susceptibility to Giardia infections may be related to RORgammat(+) Treg c

151 of the widespread morbidity associated with Giardia infections, current treatment options are limite

152 CD8(+) T cells and gammadelta T cells during Giardia infections.

153 moeba dispar (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.74) and Giardia intestinalis (0.64, 0.51-0.81), but not for Blas

154 Here, we show that GiKIN14a from Giardia intestinalis [2] is an unconventional Ncd-type k

155 The diplomonad parasite Giardia intestinalis contains two functionally equivalen

156 Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis in children.

157 The binucleate pathogen Giardia intestinalis is a highly divergent eukaryote wit

158 Giardia intestinalis is a significant cause of diarrheal

159 Giardia intestinalis is the most commonly reported human

160 m Escherichia coli, Burkholderia mallei, and Giardia intestinalis were examined in order to demonstra

161 Giardia intestinalis, a human intestinal parasite and me

162 ical IgG responses to eight enteropathogens (Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba

163 Giardia intestinalis, Giardia duodenalis) is an enteric

164 f parasites including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp.,

165 se results demonstrate early pathogenesis in Giardia involves two independent host-parasite interacti

166 The protozoan parasite Giardia is a highly prevalent intestinal pathogen with a

167 Giardia is a ubiquitous pathogen in this age group but s

168 Our results suggest that Giardia is able to form GM1- and cholesterol-enriched li

169 The results from this study indicate that Giardia is able to simultaneously generate both ciliary

170 our different lengths, the parasitic protist Giardia is an ideal model to evaluate flagellar assembly

171 fection rates approaching 90% in areas where Giardia is endemic.

172 The production of viable cysts by Giardia is essential for its survival in the environment

173 Although Giardia is of practical importance as a pathogen and has

174 genome has also cast doubt on the idea that Giardia is primitively asexual, but so far there has bee

175 ecular characterization showed that 17 (25%) Giardia isolates belonged to assemblage A, and 31 (43%)

176 Fecal Giardia isolates from 22 families and their dogs, living

177 Molecular characterization of Giardia isolates was performed by polymerase chain react

178 Giardia lamblia (syn.

179 oa endemic to developed countries, including Giardia lamblia (syn. G. intestinalis/G. duodenalis) and

180 for the rapid and quantitative detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts in

181 oa endemic to developed countries, including Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp., using technolo

182 ment of a CT-factor sufficient to inactivate Giardia lamblia and enteric viruses 1 h after treatment.

183 microbes, including the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, and the bacte

184 B and TrichDB house the genome databases for Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, respectively,

185 lidated for drug delivery using the pathogen Giardia lamblia as a test case.

186 anism, whereas the human parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia class II FBPA is a zinc-dependent enzyme

187 athogenic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Giardia lamblia document heterogeneity among enteropatho

188 Giardia lamblia fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA

189 A waterborne outbreak of Giardia lamblia gastroenteritis led to a high prevalance

190 There was an increase in the prevalence of Giardia lamblia genes, any E. coli virulence gene, and t

191 ive immunochromatographic assay that detects Giardia lamblia in aqueous extracts of human fecal speci

192 g children in nonindustrialized settings and Giardia lamblia infection.

193 Giardia lamblia infections are nearly universal among ch

194 The protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia infects the mammalian small intestine, l

195 Giardia lamblia is a binucleate protistan parasite causi

196 Giardia lamblia is a pathogen transmitted by water and f

197 Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite and the earliest

198 The highly prevalent protozoan Giardia lamblia is an enteropathogen that can be asympto

199 Carbamate kinase from Giardia lamblia is an essential enzyme for the survival

200 Giardia lamblia is one of the most common infectious pro

201 A prominent feature of transcription in Giardia lamblia is the abundant production of sterile an

202 Giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified protoz

203 Giardia lamblia is ubiquitous in multiple communities of

204 Giardia lamblia is usually cultured axenically in TYI-S-

205 To colonize the human small intestine, Giardia lamblia monitors a dynamic environment.

206 s in the candidate early-branching eukaryote Giardia lamblia occur in separate pieces, transcribed fr

207 the identification in the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia of a novel class of small RNAs, which ar

208 formation) is important for the survival of Giardia lamblia outside its human host, the molecular ev

209 s such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tgs1 and Giardia lamblia Tgs2 catalyze methylation of the exocycl

210 ut the swimming and attachment mechanisms of Giardia lamblia trophozoites.

211 tin-binding proteins, the prevalent parasite Giardia lamblia uses an alternative mechanism for cytoki

212 The parasite Giardia lamblia utilizes the L-arginine dihydrolase path

213 Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a small, nonenveloped, no

214 ction, we determined the virion structure of Giardia lamblia virus, obtaining new information relatin

215 elicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica, and Giardia lamblia were detected in sewage, as well as MST

216 intolerance in a group previously exposed to Giardia lamblia with a control group; secondly, to explo

217 lospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, adenovirus F 40/41, astrovirus, norovir

218 The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite,

219 Giardia lamblia, an intestinal dwelling protozoan parasi

220 rt was obtained by expression of ZK 896.9 in Giardia lamblia, an organism recently characterized as h

221 nic and enteropathogenic E. coli, rotavirus, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum.

222 e E. coli (EIEC), protozoa (Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica), and helmint

223 Infections with the diarrheagenic pathogen, Giardia lamblia, are commonly treated with the 5-nitroim

224 toxigenic Clostridium difficile), parasites (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba his

225 enon, several pathogenic protozoa, including Giardia lamblia, Leishmania species, and Trichomonas vag

226 Giardia lamblia, one of the most common protozoal infect

227 biquitin, found at the N-terminus of S27a in Giardia lamblia, referred to as GlUb(S27a).

228 de the deadly parasite Entamoeba histolytica;Giardia lamblia, the most common cause of waterborne dis

229 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus infecting Giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of t

230 highly active form of the enzyme Dicer from Giardia lamblia, which is capable of accurately processi

231 low-cost detection of a foodborne pathogen, Giardia lamblia, with high sensitivity (the detection li

232 osporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium muris and Giardia lamblia, with over 92% certainty was achieved.

233 action of the waterborne protozoan parasite, Giardia lamblia, with polymeric materials was investigat

234 that infects the widespread enteric parasite Giardia lamblia.

235 anosine cap (DMG) as observed previously for Giardia lamblia.

236 lagella of the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia.

237 -giardin family in the intestinal protozoan, Giardia lamblia.

238 i (STEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and Giardia lamblia.

239 sporidium spp., and E. coli O157:H7; 95% for Giardia lamblia; 94% for ETEC and STEC; 93% for Shigella

240 tic pathogens of the genera Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Leishmania, Neospora, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, T

241 The Giardia life cycle alternates between an asexually repli

242 a distinctive 5' DMG cap in Trichomonas and Giardia lineages that are absent in other protist lineag

243 Genotyped Giardia may indicate indirect transmission with humans.

244 o mouse lines with varying susceptibility to Giardia muris infection.

245 Presence of Giardia neither increased nor decreased odds of acute al

246 oms or individuals at increased risk for non-Giardia, non-Cryptosporidium infection.

247 Using a Giardia nuclear localization signal to target dCas9 to b

248 s illustrate features of Cryptosporidium and Giardia occurrence in surface water relevant to their ef

249 gnificant positive interactions: rotavirus + Giardia (odds ratio (OR) = 23.91, 95% confidence interva

250 Most pathogens were Giardia or Cryptosporidium.

251 atio, 0.27) but were not less likely to have giardia or entamoeba.

252 ogroup I (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.25), and Giardia (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.49) were associated w

253 uses) and protozoa (such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, or Entamoeba histolytica) disrupt cell function

254 43.5; rotavirus: OR = 4.0, CI 1.3, 12.1; and Giardia: OR = 1.9, CI 1.3, 2.7].

255 Giardia parasites are ubiquitous protozoans of global im

256 e AT-rich nature of TATA and Inr elements in Giardia permits them to function interchangeably.

257 d in 14 of 71 (20%) of patients followed up, Giardia persisted.

258 gest that the minimal set of MCC proteins in Giardia play a major role in regulating many aspects of

259 direct genetic evidence for recombination in Giardia populations.

260 -.001; P value .05) whereas total number of Giardia positive months over the 2-year period of observ

261 7% of children had a Giardia positive surveillance stool in the first 6 month

262 The median time to first Giardia positive surveillance stool was 17 months.

263 Using 5'RACE, we demonstrate that Giardia promoters are a source of antisense transcripts

264 as greater than 3-fold higher than any other Giardia protease gene product.

265 Cyst walls of Entamoeba and Giardia protect them from environmental insults, stomach

266 The SIMPLE-READ Giardia rapid assay (Medical Chemical Corporation) is a

267 Giardia rarely causes severe life-threatening diarrhea,

268 ); among 5575 Southeast Asian refugees, only giardia remained highly prevalent (present in 17.2%).

269 plicate a role for the funis in establishing Giardia's cell shape and guiding axoneme docking.

270 ice infected with Giardia We discovered that Giardia's colonization of the small intestine causes a s

271 This article describes a novel role for Giardia's cysteine proteases in pathogenesis and how Gia

272 s cysteine proteases in pathogenesis and how Giardia's disruptions of the mucous barrier facilitate b

273 in this age group but studies investigating Giardia's effect on both growth and diarrhea have produc

274 rom bacterial and archaeal donors has shaped Giardia's genome, and previously unknown gene families,

275 the single largest protein class and reflect Giardia's requirement for a complex signal transduction

276 For Giardia species, it had a sensitivity and specificity of

277 Adults were also less likely to have a Giardia-specific diagnostic test (48% vs 58%; P < .001)

278 al recommendations include readily available Giardia-specific diagnostic testing and antiparasitic dr

279 ong 2995 patients (212433 claims), 18% had a Giardia-specific test followed by or concurrent with an

280 event sequences most frequently began with a Giardia-specific test, whereas adult sequences most freq

281 When Giardia-specific tests and antiparasitic and antibiotic

282 ples that detects but does not differentiate Giardia spp, Cryptosporidium spp, and Entamoeba histolyt

283 ium difficile, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Giardia spp., were not indentified.

284 Here we performed a mutational analysis of Giardia Tgs2, entailing an alanine scan of 17 residues w

285 n) is an important step of the life cycle of Giardia, the cellular events that trigger encystation ar

286 s and functions of the actin cytoskeleton in Giardia to determine whether Giardia actin (giActin) has

287 live-cell imaging methods were developed for Giardia to establish division kinetics and the core divi

288 E in humans suggests a new zoonotic route of Giardia transmission.

289 This may explain why Giardia trophozoites adhere to the small intestinal epit

290 nd, inhibition of FBPA gene transcription in Giardia trophozoites suggested that the enzyme is necess

291 Giardia trophozoites were persuaded to encyst in vitro b

292 we discovered that, during rapid swimming of Giardia trophozoites, undulations of the caudal region c

293 differentially in nonencysting and encysting Giardia trophozoites.

294 plored the role of complement in immunity to Giardia using mice deficient in mannose-binding lectin (

295 The Giardia viability studies in the metronidazole-resistant

296 Early life Giardia was a risk factor for stunting at age 2 but not

297 Interestingly, when gGlcT1-overexpressed Giardia was transfected with anti-gGlcT1 morpholino, the

298 gastrointestinal tract in mice infected with Giardia We discovered that Giardia's colonization of the

299 poridium were found in 86% of samples and no Giardia were found in 67% of samples.

300 CI, 1.50-6.76; P < .001), positively linking Giardia with that syndrome.