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1 ond study consisted of oral ingestion of 3 g l-carnitine.
2 ed by the stimulation of beta-oxidation with l-carnitine.
3 yl-CoAs to acylcarnitines in the presence of l-carnitine.
4 10), Ginkgo biloba, nicotinamide, and acetyl-L-carnitine.
5 cyl-CoA to acylcarnitines in the presence of l-carnitine.
6 n acetogen that can grow by demethylation of l-carnitine.
7  in U87MG cells by exogenous (13)C(2)-acetyl-L-carnitine.
8 infection or by dietary supplementation with l-carnitine.
9                Proposed to study intravenous L-carnitine.
10 ch as four vitamins, uric acid, creatine and l-carnitine.
11 convulsants (topiramate), coenzyme Q-10, and L-carnitine.
12 mproved in both arms compared with baseline (L-carnitine: -0.96, 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.60; placebo: -1.
13 ase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward L-carnitine (1,620-fold) and shifts the catalytic discri
14 ions involve metabolites such as glycogenin, L-carnitine, 5-hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid, and le
15                        All patients received L-carnitine, 500 mg/d.
16 f 80 g carbohydrate (Control, n=6) or 1.36 g L-carnitine + 80 g carbohydrate (Carnitine, n=6).
17 ration of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from L-carnitine, a nutrient abundant in red meat.
18                                              L-carnitine, a popular complementary and alternative med
19 l-CoAs to acyl carnitines in the presence of l-carnitine, a rate-limiting step in the transport of lo
20 tabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary L-carnitine, a trimethylamine abundant in red meat, also
21            Treated buffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine a
22            Treated buffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine a
23                                              l-Carnitine administration (0.9 g/kg per day) prevented
24 , the short- and long-term effects of acetyl-L-carnitine administration on peripheral nerve polyols,
25 in healthy humans, by dietary or intravenous L-carnitine administration.
26 lated to the prevention of atrophy with oral l-carnitine administration.
27 ould be reversed by Alpha Lipoic Acid/Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALA/ALC) but not by other chemicals previou
28                                       Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is a natural compound involved in neur
29 elationships between COX-mediated and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC)-sensitive defects that contribute to f
30                         We noted that acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC, a cofactor of cPT1 and cPT2) prevented
31 d rats two mitochondrial metabolites, acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) [0.5% or 0.2% (wt/vol) in drinking w
32 ed for 7 weeks with the CAT substrate acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) and/or the mitochondrial antioxidant
33 gonist AICAR or the antioxidant agent acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) restored SIRT3 expression and activi
34 were monitored after feeding old rats acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR).
35 dress whether the dietary addition of acetyl-l-carnitine [ALCAR, 1.5% (wt/vol) in the drinking water]
36 ion of sample collections, OB mares received L-carnitine alone for an additional 6 weeks.
37 ne metabolism and gastrointestinal health or L-carnitine alone to mitigate negative effects of obesit
38                                              l-Carnitine, an abundant nutrient in red meat, accelerat
39 man RBCs, showed age-dependent depletions of l-carnitine and acyl-carnitine pools, accompanied by pro
40                             We also measured l-carnitine and acyl-carnitines in 13 091 packed RBC uni
41                        Twelve weeks of daily l-carnitine and carbohydrate feeding in humans increases
42          Here we determined the influence of L-carnitine and carbohydrate feeding on energy metabolis
43 4C]acetylcarnitine in the presence of excess L-carnitine and carnitine acetyltransferase.
44 of dietary phosphatidylcholine, choline, and L-carnitine and CVD risk.
45 k l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and d-valerobetaine (P < 0.01).
46 k l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and delta-valerobetaine (P < 0.01).
47 ingestion, whereas fasting endogenous plasma l-carnitine and gammaBB levels were similar in vegans/ve
48                            The conversion of l-carnitine and its derivative gamma-butyrobetaine to tr
49                                    Unlabeled L-carnitine and its structurally related analogues signi
50 ut microbiome-derived metabolite of choline, L-carnitine and lecithin, abundant in animal source food
51 on of PCoA concentration, in the presence of L-carnitine and malate, were performed.
52 ioenergetics by attenuating respiration with L-carnitine and palmitoyl-CoA, while enhancing the inhib
53 rial efficiently identifies the best dose of L-carnitine and provides clear guidance regarding whethe
54 ob(I)alamin or Co(I)-MtqC in the presence of l-carnitine and, to a much lesser extent, gamma-butyrobe
55 ing as probes both the endogenous substrate (l-carnitine) and the organic cation tetraethylammonium,
56    Endogenous antioxidants, such as ghrelin, L-carnitine, and annexin-1 attenuate the oxidative-stres
57 abolism, associated with glycine betaine and L-carnitine, and bile acid and tryptophan metabolism are
58 tary nutrients, including choline, lecithin, l-carnitine, and gamma-butyrobetaine.
59 r for discriminating choline, acetylcholine, L-carnitine, and glycine betaine effectively.The choline
60 erivatives (creatinine, DL-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and indole-3-acrylic acid), and two aromati
61              Clinicians should not recommend L-carnitine, antidepressants, wakefulness agents, or rou
62 ign choline acetyltransferase to accommodate L-carnitine as an acceptor of the acetyl group.
63 ated cob-(I)alamin or tetrahydrofolate using l-carnitine as methyl donor.
64 lic disturbances in granulosa cells, reduced L-carnitine availability in the follicle, promoted lipid
65 obetaine (delta-VB) is a potent inhibitor of l-carnitine biosynthesis and a modulator of fatty acid o
66   Supplementation of stored murine RBCs with l-carnitine boosted posttransfusion recovery, suggesting
67     Cellular extracts of E. limosum grown on l-carnitine, but not lactate, methylated cob-(I)alamin o
68 catalytic discrimination between choline and L-carnitine by >390,000 in favor of the latter substrate
69 aine (from reduction of crotonobetaine) from L-carnitine by enteric bacteria has been demonstrated in
70 esults suggest that pharmacological doses of L-carnitine can activate GRalpha and, through this mecha
71                            Dietary intake of L-carnitine can promote cardiovascular diseases in human
72  including phosphatidylcholine, choline, and L-carnitine, can enter into a microbial metabolic pathwa
73      Additional markers (N-acetylputrescine, l-carnitine) could be identified thanks to the polar col
74  is a homotrimeric antiporter that exchanges l-carnitine (CRN) with gamma-butyrobetaine (GBB) across
75 egans/vegetarians ingested deuterium-labeled l-carnitine (d3-l-carnitine) or gammaBB (d9-gammaBB), an
76  the first described mechanism of biological l-carnitine demethylation.
77     Here, we demonstrate that MtcB catalyzes l-carnitine demethylation.
78  basis for anaerobic TMA generation from the l-carnitine-derived metabolite y-butyrobetaine (ybb) by
79 ce TMAO levels in mice fed a high-choline or L-carnitine diet.
80 alonyl carnitine, glutarylcarnitine, lauroyl-L-carnitine, dodecenoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl
81 d that the pooled estimate is independent of L-carnitine dose (slope: -0.30; 95% CI: -4.19, 3.59; p =
82 s, which can demethylate TMA (e.g., MttB) or l-carnitine (e.g., MtcB).
83                              When growing on l-carnitine, E. limosum excreted the unusual biological
84                              The addition of l-carnitine enabled the metabolic channeling of acyl-CoA
85  positive effect, thus chiral recognition of l-carnitine enantiomers is extremely important in biolog
86 g7 knockdown using small interfering RNA; or L-carnitine, essential for transport of fatty acids into
87 d by omnivorous dietary patterns and chronic l-carnitine exposure.
88 ity and type 2 diabetes but requires chronic L-carnitine feeding on a daily basis in a high-carbohydr
89 er adjuvant therapies such as ascorbic acid, L-carnitine, folic acid, vitamin D, androgens, and other
90                            The use of acetyl-l-carnitine for the prevention of CIPN in patients with
91 qC, and MtqA methylated tetrahydrofolate via l-carnitine, forming a key intermediate in the acetogeni
92 osting mitochondrial membrane potential with l-carnitine-fostered dendrite at the expense of synapse
93 ne transporter (CaiT) is an ion-independent, l-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter belonging to
94 he significance of the trimeric state of the L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT of Esche
95 nsals capable of performing each step of the l-carnitine-&gt;gammaBB->TMA transformation were identified
96 n to the initial 2 steps in a metaorganismal l-carnitine-&gt;gammaBB->TMA->TMAO pathway in subjects.
97 es identified no single commensal capable of l-carnitine-&gt;TMA transformation, multiple community memb
98 culture, E. timonensis promoted the complete l-carnitine-&gt;TMA transformation.
99     Short-term prevention (4 mo) with acetyl-L-carnitine had no effects on nerve polyols, but correct
100        These results demonstrate that acetyl-L-carnitine has a preventive effect on the acute Na+/- K
101 report of an endogenous compound, isobutyryl-l-carnitine (IBC), as a potential clinical OCT1 biomarke
102  increased the levels of glycine betaine and L-carnitine in plasma samples, which correlated negative
103 bstantial contributor to TMA generation from l-carnitine in the human gut than the previously propose
104 ne retention observed after a single dose of l-carnitine in vegetarians was not attributable to incre
105    We found that the addition of d(3)-acetyl-L-carnitine increases the supply of acetyl-CoA for cytos
106  l-carnitine infusion with hyperinsulinemia, l-carnitine infusion in the presence or absence of hyper
107  15% increase (P < 0.05) in muscle TC during l-carnitine infusion with hyperinsulinemia, l-carnitine
108 ght healthy men underwent 5 h of intravenous L-carnitine infusion with serum insulin maintained at fa
109 ians (>20-fold; P = 0.001) following oral d3-l-carnitine ingestion, whereas fasting endogenous plasma
110  excretion was 55% less in vegetarians after l-carnitine ingestion.
111              Gut microbial transformation of L-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of
112              Gut microbial transformation of L-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of
113                                              l-Carnitine is a vitamin-like amino acid derivative, whi
114                                              L-carnitine is an essential nutrient with a major role i
115        The mechanism of intestinal uptake of L-carnitine is controversial.
116                           In humans, dietary l-carnitine is converted into the atherosclerosis- and t
117 choline, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), and l-carnitine, is elevated in chronic kidney diseases (CKD
118 glycerophosphocholine, glycerol-3-phosphate, L-carnitine, L-aspartate, glutathione, prostaglandin G2,
119 ative, rapidly acting antidepressant, acetyl-l-carnitine (LAC) in the drinking water opposed the dire
120 , modulating histone acetylation with acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) or acetyl-N-cysteine (NAC) rapidly inc
121                                       Acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC), a mitochondria-boosting supplement, h
122 urns to the cytoplasm, in the form of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC), some of the resulting acetyl groups f
123 at an epigenetic and energetic agent, acetyl-l-carnitine (LAC, oral administration), rapidly rescued
124                                              l-Carnitine (LC) exerts beneficial effects in arterial h
125 r preventing drug-induced hearing loss using l-carnitine (LCAR), a safe micronutrient that plays a ke
126 enone (IDB), R-alpha-lipoic acid plus acetyl-L-carnitine (LCLA), was found on the CCO activity (chi-s
127                                       Plasma L-carnitine levels in subjects undergoing cardiac evalua
128 nucleotide polymorphism exhibited the lowest l-carnitine levels, significant elevations of in vitro h
129 piration supported by succinate or palmitoyl-L-carnitine/malate but not pyruvate/malate), indicative
130 ne, tyrosine, valine, free carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, malonyl carnitine, glutarylcarnitine, lauro
131                              In procaryotes, L-carnitine may be used as both a carbon and nitrogen so
132 r its esterified derivatives, such as acetyl-L-carnitine, may have deleterious effects.
133 ution of gammaBB in gut microbiota-dependent l-carnitine metabolism in humans is unknown.
134 rosis and glycerophospholipid metabolism and L-carnitine metabolism in the development of CRF.
135 ment of the human gut where oxygen-dependent l-carnitine-metabolizing enzymes are likely inactive.
136 ed number of available Lp(a)-targeted drugs, L-carnitine might be an effective alternative to effecti
137       There is evidence that, at high doses, L-carnitine might mimic some of the biological activitie
138 formation, gammaBB->TMA, was diet inducible (l-carnitine, omnivorous).
139 s of this effect, we tested the influence of L-carnitine on glucocorticoid receptor-alpha (GRalpha) f
140             We aimed to assess the impact of L-carnitine on plasma Lp(a) concentrations through syste
141                         Studies with oral d3-l-carnitine or d9-gammaBB before versus after antibiotic
142 ylamine (TMA) from quaternary amines such as l-carnitine or y-butyrobetaine (4-(trimethylammonio)buta
143 s ingested deuterium-labeled l-carnitine (d3-l-carnitine) or gammaBB (d9-gammaBB), and both plasma me
144 o a shift toward increased expression of the L-carnitine palmitoyltransferase I isoform.
145 iety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the development of atheroscl
146 produced from the essential dietary nutrient l-carnitine, particularly in the anoxic environment of t
147 ane transport of palmitoylcarnitine and free L-carnitine - processes that are necessary for an indire
148 s (enriched in fat, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine) promote inflammation and atherosclerosis th
149 itial evidence that administration of acetyl-L-carnitine promoted behavioral resilience at the SDS pa
150 SDS) in mice and 2) administration of acetyl-L-carnitine promoted resilience at the SDS paradigm.
151 uffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and d-valerobetaine (
152 uffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and delta-valerobetai
153  acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to choline and L-carnitine, respectively.
154                     Intervention with acetyl-L-carnitine resulted in 76% recovery of the conduction d
155 Metabolites derived from dietary choline and L-carnitine, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine,
156 They were included if they had taken an oral L-carnitine supplement of 1000 mg/day for one month and
157  severity, and their mean duration following L-carnitine supplementation (respective median (IQR) of
158 nificant reduction of Lp(a) levels following L-carnitine supplementation (WMD: -8.82 mg/dL, 95% CI: -
159                                              L-carnitine supplementation alone did not significantly
160  this study was to determine the efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation as a treatment for fatigue i
161                         Four weeks of 2 g of L-carnitine supplementation did not improve fatigue in p
162                              Chronic dietary L-carnitine supplementation in mice altered cecal microb
163 s, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of L-carnitine supplementation in reducing the frequency, d
164 nts were randomly assigned to treatment with L-carnitine supplementation or placebo.
165                                              L-carnitine supplementation resulted in significant carn
166                                              L-carnitine supplementation seems to be a promising ther
167 e tracer studies before versus after chronic l-carnitine supplementation, revealed that omnivores and
168 tibiotics, or following chronic (>=2 months) l-carnitine supplementation.
169 cidate the clinical value and safety of oral L-carnitine supplementation.
170 uggests a significant Lp(a) lowering by oral L-carnitine supplementation.
171 provement in fatigue or other outcomes after L-carnitine supplementation.
172       Finally, similarly to glucocorticoids, L-carnitine suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa
173 h more abundant in E. limosum cells grown on l-carnitine than on lactate.
174 nvolved in cardiac metabolism: coenzyme Q10, l-carnitine, thiamine, and amino acids, including taurin
175 vegans or vegetarians following ingestion of L-carnitine through a microbiota-dependent mechanism.
176 n, multiple community members that converted l-carnitine to gammaBB, and only 1 Clostridiales bacteri
177  trial design for evaluating the addition of L-carnitine to the treatment of vasopressor-dependent se
178 ical missing link in anaerobic metabolism of l-carnitine to TMA, enabling investigation into the conn
179 zygous for the -207G allele showed increased l-carnitine transport compared with the -207C/C homozygo
180 Leu polymorphism showed a reduced V(max) for l-carnitine transport to approximately 50% of the refere
181 nd intervention (from 4 to 8 mo) with acetyl-L-carnitine treatment normalized nerve PGE(1) whereas 6-
182                                       Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment promoted nerve fiber regeneration,
183 ere reversed by alpha lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine treatments, which boost mitochondrial functi
184 -mediated pathway plays a role in regulating L-carnitine uptake by Caco-2 cells.
185                                              L-carnitine uptake by intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-
186                                              L-Carnitine uptake was also energy-dependent, being sign
187                                         [3H]-L-carnitine uptake was linear and appreciable for up to
188 gues significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited [3H]-L-carnitine uptake, whereas unrelated compounds were ine
189 s to clarify the mechanism and regulation of L-carnitine uptake.
190                  At the same concentrations, L-carnitine was able to trigger nuclear translocation of
191 vention with intravenous rather than enteral L-carnitine was associated with the greatest hepatic sur
192                               Uptake of [3H]-L-carnitine was measured across the apical membrane of c
193 chondrial respiration supported by palmitoyl-l-carnitine was significantly lower in POAF patients and
194  transactivation and cytokine suppression by L-carnitine were abrogated by the GRalpha-antagonist RU
195 ted encouraging data regarding the action of L-carnitine when added to AS-3.
196 ogenous antioxidant glutathione), and acetyl-L-carnitine (which prevents Abeta-induced mitochondrial
197 e conversion of gamma butyrobetaine (GBB) to l-carnitine, which is involved in the generation of meta
198                 Millimolar concentrations of L-carnitine, which were not cytotoxic in vitro, signific
199 y consisted of a 5-h intravenous infusion of l-carnitine while circulating insulin was maintained at
200 10.29, -7.72, p < 0.001) but not intravenous L-carnitine (WMD: -2.91 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.22, 4.41, p =

 
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