ライフサイエンスコーパス: MDMA

1 MDMA (+/- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 'ecstasy')

2 MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a popular re

3 MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, also popularly

4 MDMA (5-fold) and methadone (7-fold) use showed also an

5 MDMA (Ecstasy) is an illicit drug used by young adults a

6 MDMA and its enantiomers increased affiliative social be

7 MDMA and other similar drugs are reportedly associated w

8 MDMA increased cooperative behavior when playing trustwo

9 MDMA increases social behavior in animal models and has

10 MDMA is showing encouraging results as a treatment for r

11 MDMA pretreatment was hypothesized to enhance the effect

12 MDMA treated animals showed increased uncoupling protein

13 MDMA users (N = 65) participated in a 4-session, within-

14 MDMA users had increased serotonin(2A)BP(ND) in occipita

15 MDMA users reported a mean duration of ecstasy use of 8

16 MDMA, a potent monoamine-releaser with particularly pron

17 MDMA, better known as the recreational drug "ecstasy," i

18 MDMA-induced hyperthermia is highly variable, unpredicta

19 MDMA-induced increases in social behaviors are 5-HT2A, b

20 MDMA-induced reopening of this critical period requires

21 MDMA-treated animals had increased BDNF expression in th

22 MDMA-treatment enriched the relative proportion of a Pro

23 Nineteen abstinent MDMA users and 21 control subjects participated in a 5 d

24 toxicity are not fully understood, abstinent MDMA users have been found to have subtle cognitive defi

25 n findings of this study are that: (1) acute MDMA augments locomotor behavior and attenuates the inco

26 us mimicking the clinical situation of acute MDMA intoxication.

27 In addition, MDMA is a potent releaser and reuptake inhibitor of pres

28 To do this, we administered MDMA-HCl (100 mg p.o.) and, separately, placebo (ascorbi

29 s who, over four sessions, were administered MDMA (0.75, 1.5 mg/kg), oxytocin (20 IU), and placebo in

30 esults indicate that intermittent adolescent MDMA exposure enhances sensitivity of 5-HT(2A/2C) recept

31 tyrosine into the hippocampus did not affect MDMA-induced increases in extracellular DA or the long-t

32 Four hours after MDMA treatment, blood was drawn and serum creatine kinas

33 DA and the long-term depletion of 5-HT after MDMA.

34 Decreased CBF only was observed after MDMA, and this was localized to the right medial tempora

35 in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and RSFC after MDMA administration.

36 Speech after MDMA (1.5 mg/kg) had greater semantic proximity than pla

37 cipants completed a 10-min speech task after MDMA (0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg), methamphetamine (20 mg), or p

38 Although MDMA administered at either phase did not affect overall

39 s repeated exposure to cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA [(+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine], or nicotin

40 restingly, the substitution I333C reveals an MDMA-induced conformation not observed with 5-HT.

41 o hallucinogen-preferring users (n = 10) and MDMA-preferring users (n = 14).

42 .5 mg/kg) and placebo with 88% accuracy, and MDMA (1.5 mg/kg) and methamphetamine with 84% accuracy.

43 reoselectivity was recorded for atenolol and MDMA), treatment technology used (activated sludge showe

44 s/controlled substances such as ketamine and MDMA, indicating the high consumption of ecstasy during

45 etamine and two ring-isomers of both MDA and MDMA, we demonstrate the ability of IRIS to distinguish

46 motor responses to various doses of MDPV and MDMA, as a function of ambient temperature.

47 ," "3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine," and "MDMA," in human subjects, published between 2007 and Jul

48 In animals, MDMA induces 5-HT depletion and toxicity in 5-HT neurons

49 edilol was modestly effective in attenuating MDMA-induced hyperthermia by moderately inhibiting skin

50 At baseline, MDMA users performed less accurately than controls on a

51 traperitoneally) administered 30 mins before MDMA had no effect on the thermogenic response.

52 nclude that the negative association between MDMA use and cerebral SERT binding is mediated through a

53 Classifiers discriminated between MDMA (1.5 mg/kg) and placebo with 88% accuracy, and MDMA

54 Although multiple parallels exist between MDMA abuse and stress, including effects on 5-HTergic ne

55 On the EOG measure of attentional bias, MDMA, but not MA, increased attention toward happy faces

56 In contrast, mental states driven by MDMA consumption appear to manifest in multiple domains

57 mpathetic and behavioral responses evoked by MDMA.

58 Furthermore, hyperthermia induced by MDMA during preconditioning appears not to contribute to

59 increases in positive mood were produced by MDMA.

60 T transmission in recently abstinent chronic MDMA users compared with matched healthy controls.

61 ed to study the effects of acute and chronic MDMA on locomotor activity and sensory evoked field pote

62 In contrast, MDMA pretreatment led to CUS-induced learning impairment

63 In rats previously microinjected with CSF, MDMA elicited significant increases from baseline in cor

64 esults showed, for drugs with weekly cycles (MDMA, methamphetamine and cocaine in this sample), sampl

65 During sleep deprivation, MDMA users, but not controls, became increasingly impuls

66 luated in 13 current and recently detoxified MDMA users and 13 matched healthy controls.

67 oach, analysis was performed for four drugs (MDMA, methamphetamine, cocaine, methadone) collected thr

68 sine into the striatum or hippocampus during MDMA administration potentiated the acute increase in ex

69 have assessed the long-term impact of early MDMA exposure on serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) neur

70 Results indicated that early MDMA exposure caused a decrease in PKA activity and 5-HT

71 These data indicate that early MDMA exposure has long-term effects on the 5-HT and DA n

72 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy, MDMA) elicits hyperthermia, hyperactivity, tachycardia,

73 eat dissipation to the external environment, MDMA at a moderate nontoxic dose (9 mg/kg or ~1/5 of LD5

74 of larger clinical trials to further examine MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a novel approach to treat

75 As expected, MDMA dose-dependently increased heart rate and blood pre

76 In the first experiment, MDMA pretreatment increased the frequency of head twitch

77 es in affiliative social behaviors following MDMA administration, in concordance with human and roden

78 rustworthy, opponents was enhanced following MDMA but not placebo (respectively: odds ratio = 2.01; 9

79 atic ACTH was elevated immediately following MDMA and remained elevated for at least 1 h after the la

80 erotonin transporter were observed following MDMA treatment, although females had lower levels than m

81 learning and memory deficits seen following MDMA treatment.

82 The most significant database exists for MDMA and psilocybin, which have been designated by the U

83 preconditioning-induced neuroprotection for MDMA remain to be determined.

84 A exposures, and the time of abstinence from MDMA was positively correlated with subcortical, but not

85 Case participants were abstinent from MDMA use for at least 90 days as verified by analysis of

86 On measures of social function, MDMA impaired recognition of angry and fearful facial ex

87 ssant medications and psychostimulants (e.g. MDMA, cocaine).

88 In the Encoding group, MDMA reduced recollection estimates for negative and pos

89 Neuroimaging data indicate that some human MDMA users develop persistent deficits in brain 5-HT neu

90 exclude the possibility that alterations in MDMA pharmacokinetics or MDMA-induced hyperthermia in ra

91 n SERT(ir) also was completely attenuated in MDMA-preconditioned animals.

92 bance and suggest that cognitive deficits in MDMA users may become more prominent in situations assoc

93 rbance plays a role in cognitive deficits in MDMA users.

94 contributing role for the gut microbiota in MDMA-mediated hyperthermia and that MDMA treatment can t

95 sterone responses to DOI were potentiated in MDMA-pretreated animals.

96 first to demonstrate that memory problems in MDMA users may be related, at least in part, to sleep di

97 t microbiome and TGR5 bile acid receptors in MDMA-mediated hyperthermia.

98 neuronal activity in the DMH plays a role in MDMA-evoked sympathetic and behavioral responses by micr

99 ta, and trkB was elevated in the striatum in MDMA-treated animals.

100 lter affiliative vocalizations and increased MDMA-induced social contact.

101 We present a novel approach; investigating MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of anxiety

102 Rats were treated with saline or 20 mg/kg MDMA (two injections per day) from postnatal day (PD) 11

103 ated intermittent administration of 10 mg/kg MDMA during adolescence on behavioral (Experiment 1) and

104 cipants in the MDMA group had one open-label MDMA session and placebo participants crossed over to re

105 nts crossed over to receive three open-label MDMA sessions.

106 Lifetime MDMA use was positively associated with serotonin(2A)BP(

107 ively correlated with the number of lifetime MDMA exposures, and the time of abstinence from MDMA was

108 or levels correlate positively with lifetime MDMA use and do not decrease with abstinence.

109 om saline and that cumulative doses of MDPV, MDMA, and METH fully substituted for the MDPV training s

110 ts of a range of substitution doses of MDPV, MDMA, and METH were then assessed.

111 ursor to DA biosynthesis, tyrosine, mediates MDMA-induced 5-HT depletions.

112 nabinol, 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA/Ecstasy) and cocaine hydrochloride.

113 enhancer 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) modulates behavior and its neural correlates durin

114 ffect of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) on cooperative behavior during interpersonal inter

115 rugs of abuse (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA), ephedrines (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine),

116 ough 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy is currently classified as a type of ha

117 used 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), 221 (10%) used gamma-hydroxybutyrate or gamma-but

118 DA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), mor

119 g of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA).

120 e of (+/-)-3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) reopens the critical period for social reward lear

121 silocybin) and methylenedioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), best known for their illegal use as psychedelic d

122 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") is a popular recreational drug and brai

123 f illicit 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") has been a global target of law enfor

124 ogens and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") have direct agonistic effects on post

125 mericans, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (commonly referred to as ecstasy) is popular in th

126 ration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and intranasal oxytocin.

127 ompounds, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine.

128 imilar to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and share many of its physiological and behavioral

129 nduced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) can be life-threatening.

130 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) increases sociality in humans and animals.

131 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a drug of abuse worldwide and a selective serot

132 compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a potent monoamine releaser that produces an ac

133 e drug +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is increasingly used for its perceived emotional e

134 stion of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) leads to heightened response to sensory stimulatio

135 ffects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on large-scale patterns of brain activity.

136 t drug +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) reportedly produces distinctive feelings of empath

137 ollowing: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) tablets resulting in the detection of 12-40 ng of

138 (+/-)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a widely used drug of abuse, rapidly reduces sero

139 of abuse 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and methamphetamine (METH) suggest that it may ha

140 hetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), phentermine, and mephedrone) in one method using

141 de (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin, and ayahuasca for the treatment of mo

142 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the main psychoactive component of the recreation

143 lying (+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced damage to 5-HT terminals are unknown.

144 5-HT and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

145 g adults, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a popular drug of abuse, and anecdot

146 larity to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") prompted the current investigation of t

147 of severe 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) intoxication.

148 after +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'ecstasy') and methamphetamine in 13 ecstasy users

149 tional use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has dramatically increased among juveniles and you

150 /-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ((+/-)-MDMA, commonly called ecstasy) can lead to life-threaten

151 ecstasy (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) have been implicated.

152 We administered 100 mg MDMA or placebo to 20 male participants in a double-blin

153 Moreover, MDMA, a compound belonging to the family of entactogens,

154 Compared with nonusers, MDMA-preferring users showed significant decreases in SE

155 lly implicated in the mechanism of action of MDMA, but further work is required to elucidate how the

156 d adrenal output following administration of MDMA (10 mg/kg, 4 times) on postnatal day 11.

157 a similar impact following administration of MDMA compared with placebo, MDMA facilitates a greater r

158 The effect of systemic administration of MDMA on ATP levels in the striatum and hippocampus also

159 Finally, the systemic administration of MDMA produced a 30% decrease in the concentration of ATP

160 sensitization, (3) chronic administration of MDMA results in attenuation of the baseline activity of

161 ys were examined following administration of MDMA, its enantiomers, and methamphetamine.

162 We find that, following administration of MDMA, participants behave more cooperatively, but only w

163 s produced by the systemic administration of MDMA.

164 oic acid also resulted in the attenuation of MDMA-induced hyperthermia.

165 l before or after a thermogenic challenge of MDMA.

166 ical studies that report the consequences of MDMA on sensory input.

167 Although the consequences of MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxicity are not fully understood

168 e isotope ratios allow the discrimination of MDMA.HCl batches according to synthetic route used for m

169 A serotonergic-depleting dose of MDMA (10 mg/kg x 4 at 2-hour intervals on a single day)

170 ected rats with a moderate non-toxic dose of MDMA (9 mg/kg) during social interaction, and we adminis

171 onditioning) to a non-5-HT depleting dose of MDMA in adult rats provides neuroprotection against subs

172 Our results demonstrate that doses of MDMA that are nontoxic under cool, quiet conditions can

173 ng the administration of neurotoxic doses of MDMA.

174 cally significant effects of the duration of MDMA abstinence on serotonin(2A)BP(ND).

175 Here, we examined the effect of MDMA on temperature homeostasis in male rats under stand

176 study, we investigated the acute effects of MDMA and oxytocin on social and emotional processing in

177 erapeutics with the unique social effects of MDMA but fewer of its limitations.

178 echanisms mediating the prosocial effects of MDMA could help in the development of novel therapeutics

179 ined the mechanisms of the social effects of MDMA in nonhuman primates.

180 underlying the distinctive social effects of MDMA is a key step to developing the drug for psychiatri

181 o-controlled study to examine the effects of MDMA on emotional memory separately during encoding and

182 been little investigation of the effects of MDMA on sexual function in rodents.

183 In this study, we examined the effects of MDMA on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic fac

184 elatively weak brain hyperthermic effects of MDMA under standard control conditions (quiet rest, 22-2

185 ophysiological study examined the effects of MDMA, compared with the prototypical stimulant methamphe

186 he intensity of global subjective effects of MDMA.

187 t oxytocin produces the prosocial effects of MDMA.

188 an by the serotonin(2A) agonistic effects of MDMA.

189 ized clinical trials support the efficacy of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD and psilocybin in the trea

190 Failure of MDMA-treated rats to form CPP to sex may be due to MDMA-

191 ork provides new insights into the impact of MDMA on social interactions, emphasizing the important r

192 d for BE, cocaine, and a major metabolite of MDMA (i.e., 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine).

193 Using a rat model of MDMA hyperthermia, we evaluated the acute drug-induced c

194 ing might take place after several months of MDMA abstinence.

195 ngs highlight the context-specific nature of MDMA's effect on social decision-making.SIGNIFICANCE STA

196 ctivity- and state-dependent potentiation of MDMA-induced brain hyperthermia.

197 In contrast to the powerful potentiation of MDMA-induced hyperthermia by social interaction and warm

198 s that received a preconditioning regimen of MDMA (10 mg/kg, ip daily for 4 days).

199 The 5-HT depleting regimen of MDMA also resulted in a 40-80% reduction in 5-HT transpo

200 n of a serotonin (5-HT)-depleting regimen of MDMA did not produce a change in mount, intromission, an

201 ic response to the 5-HT depleting regimen of MDMA in rats that had earlier received 4 daily injection

202 inistration of the 5-HT depleting regimen of MDMA, there was no difference in the extracellular conce

203 e induced a marked and immediate reversal of MDMA-induced hyperthermia via inhibition of brain metabo

204 tive effects of MDPV are similar to those of MDMA and METH, direct effects on thermoregulatory proces

205 diated by different mechanisms than those of MDMA.

206 ming sensory input, (2) chronic treatment of MDMA elicits behavioral sensitization, (3) chronic admin

207 er conditions that mimic recreational use of MDMA at rave parties or other hot, crowded venues.

208 The recreational use of MDMA is associated with long-lasting increases in seroto

209 otal evidence indicates that repeated use of MDMA may result in impairments in sexual function and de

210 esults indicate that the delta(2)H values of MDMA.HCl are affected by the length of imine stir time,

211 Based on MDMA-induced changes in plasma catecholamine levels, rat

212 Recent findings on MDMA use further question the current drug classificatio

213 Speech on MDMA (0.75 mg/kg) had greater proximity to empathy than

214 rom those established for methamphetamine or MDMA in prior work, despite recent evidence of neurophar

215 that alterations in MDMA pharmacokinetics or MDMA-induced hyperthermia in rats previously exposed to

216 H prior to intravenous infusion of saline or MDMA in conscious rats.

217 ived 4 prior, daily injections of vehicle or MDMA.

218 er received 4 daily injections of vehicle or MDMA.

219 (mAbs) against (+)-METH, (+)-AMP, and/or (+)-MDMA.

220 n-subjects study in which they received oral MDMA (0.75, 1.5 mg/kg), intranasal oxytocin (20 or 40 IU

221 During trial outcome, MDMA increased activation of four clusters incorporating

222 Overall, MDMA was well-tolerated in this sample.

223 Current strategies to treat pathological MDMA-induced hyperthermia in humans are palliative and m

224 dministration of MDMA compared with placebo, MDMA facilitates a greater recovery from these breaches

225 ing is mediated through a direct presynaptic MDMA effect rather than by the serotonin(2A) agonistic e

226 In contrast to vehicle-treated rats, MDMA-treated rats did not form a conditioned place prefe

227 andomized in a double-blind study to receive MDMA (125 mg, n = 13) or placebo (n = 5) in combination

228 ttended four sessions in which they received MDMA (0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg), MA (20 mg), or a placebo in ra

229 assigned to one of three groups who received MDMA (1 mg/kg) either during encoding (Encoding group; N

230 ntial, and (4) administration of rechallenge MDMA result in enhancement of the PFC sensory evoked fie

231 Current recreational MDMA use was significantly associated with lower SERT BP

232 ugs, might be highly effective for reversing MDMA-induced brain and body hyperthermia in emergency cl

233 ypical antipsychotic clozapine, in reversing MDMA-induced brain and body hyperthermia.

234 dependent scans in a 90-minute scan session; MDMA and placebo study days were separated by 1 week.

235 Nonhuman primates show MDMA-specific increases in affiliative social behaviors

236 Specifically, MDMA enhanced recovery from, but not the impact of, brea

237 d, placebo-controlled, balanced-order study, MDMA was orally administered to 25 physically and mental

238 provides neuroprotection against subsequent MDMA-induced 5-HT depletion.

239 pletion of brain 5-HT produced by subsequent MDMA administration.

240 th these changes might contribute to sustain MDMA use.

241 biota in MDMA-mediated hyperthermia and that MDMA treatment can trigger a rapid remodeling of the com

242 In the present study, we demonstrate that MDMA causes increased susceptibility to herpes simplex v

243 We also demonstrate that MDMA has an effect on the cytokines of the innate immune

244 It is well established that MDMA metabolism produces bioactive metabolites.

245 We found evidence that MDMA but not hallucinogen use is associated with changes

246 These results provide new evidence that MDMA can enhance the experience of positive social inter

247 Consistent with this, we found that MDMA, but not MA, selectively enhanced ratings of pleasa

248 We hypothesized that MDMA use is associated with lower SERT density and conco

249 We hypothesized that MDMA, but not MA, would enhance the ratings of pleasantn

250 These findings indicate that MDMA attenuates the encoding and retrieval of salient de

251 ngs from latent class analysis indicate that MDMA users have a significantly higher risk of dependenc

252 These results show that MDMA increases the concentration of tyrosine in the brai

253 Overall, the findings suggest that MDMA depletes 5-HT by increasing tyrosine and its eventu

254 These data suggest that MDMA may play an important biological role in infection.

255 These results suggest that MDMA use produces chronic serotonin neurotoxicity in hum

256 One line of evidence suggests that MDMA produces these effects by releasing oxytocin, a pep

257 and a 5-HT2C receptor agonist attenuated the MDMA-induced increase in social behaviors, while a 5-HT1

258 At the primary endpoint, the MDMA group had a greater mean (SD) reduction in STAI-Tra

259 After unblinding, participants in the MDMA group had one open-label MDMA session and placebo p

260 rship) as a neurobiological signature of the MDMA experience, and relate this brain effect to trait a

261 in function, the possibility for therapeutic MDMA use, and the widespread recreational popularity of

262 Thus, MDMA increased euphoria and feelings of sociability, per

263 tened response to sensory stimulation; thus, MDMA is referred to as "ecstasy" because it produces ple

264 transmitter-releasing activity comparable to MDMA.

265 s pattern of effects is in sharp contrast to MDMA, where ambient temperature interacts with thermoreg

266 reated rats to form CPP to sex may be due to MDMA-induced impairments in circuits mediating sexual re

267 d hyperthermia in rats previously exposed to MDMA contribute towards neuroprotection.

268 Thus, prior exposure to MDMA affords protection against the long-term depletion

269 ted the consequences of combined exposure to MDMA and chronic stress.

270 as to determine whether repeated exposure to MDMA during the preweanling period would cause long-term

271 interpretation is that repeated exposure to MDMA in humans, even in moderate amounts, leads to damag

272 These results show that prior exposure to MDMA leads to stress-induced impairments in learning beh

273 Antibiotics prior to MDMA administration significantly blunted these increase

274 icroinjecting muscimol into the DMH prior to MDMA prevented increases in core temperature and locomot

275 a and an attenuated hyperthermic response to MDMA.

276 ses to oxytocin were related to responses to MDMA with subjects on two subjective measures of sociabi

277 membrane monoamine transporters, similar to MDMA in potency and selectivity.

278 together, despite structural similarities to MDMA, exposure to methylone or MDPV under conditions com

279 nce that the prosocial effects are unique to MDMA relative to another stimulant.

280 rontal cortex was particularly vulnerable to MDMA-induced alterations in that BDNF, NT-3, trkB, and t

281 For the two MDMA doses, the classifier performed at chance.

282 lience network functional connectivity under MDMA.

283 periences of altered bodily sensations under MDMA.

284 d heat loss via skin surfaces) that underlie MDMA-induced brain temperature responses.

285 Whereas MDMA alone increased anxiety-like behavior on the elevat

286 Whether MDMA produces chronic reductions in serotonin signaling

287 In contrast, there were no regions in which MDMA use was inversely associated with receptor levels.

288 ediating this damage, it remains unclear why MDMA produces long-term depletions of 5-HT in brain regi

289 iction, two critical factors associated with MDMA toxicity.

290 plus maze, CUS alone or in combination with MDMA pretreatment did not increase anxiety-like behavior

291 Preconditioning with MDMA (10 mg/kg, ip) daily for 4 days provided neuroprote

292 protection, inasmuch as preconditioning with MDMA at a low ambient temperature at which hyperthermia

293 Therefore, rats were pretreated with MDMA and exposed 7 days later to 10 days of mild chronic

294 Treatment of rats with MDMA (10 mg/kg, ip every 2 h for 4 injections) resulted

295 ence of neuropharmacological similarity with MDMA.

296 the association of withdrawal symptoms with MDMA abstinence.

297 iatal amines, whereas similar treatment with MDMA (2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg, s.c., 3 doses) evoked robust hy

298 Treatment with MDMA significantly diminished the TRZ induced phase shif

299 Fourteen days prior to treatment with MDMA, male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided water or wa

300 Following treatment with MDMA, these animals took an average of 8.3 +/- 0.1 days