ライフサイエンスコーパス: Ordovician

1 ta that have been separated since the middle Ordovician.

2 itself was greatest in the Middle and Upper Ordovician.

3 obscured by convergent evolution during the Ordovician.

4 ars until their extinction at the end of the Ordovician.

5 d skeletons, which first appear in the Early Ordovician.

6 oling and increase in oxygenation during the Ordovician.

7 ly in trilobite communities during the Early Ordovician.

8 c turnover are underconstrained for the Late Ordovician.

9 e were most likely, the top predators of the Ordovician.

10 taxa, with a long fossil record back to the Ordovician.

11 nother in the ancestor of land plants in the Ordovician.

12 cooling intervals - at least during the Late Ordovician.

13 ering by non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician.

14 s back from the Devonian, Pennsylvanian, and Ordovician.

15 nov., from the Late Ordovician ( 444 Ma) Anji Biota of South China.

16 n common in the shells of mollusks since the Ordovician (450 million years ago) and is abundant and w

17 a severely injured trilobite from the Middle Ordovician ( 465 Ma) accords with a number of similar ob

18 n of Neoproterozoic (635 Ma) lichens, middle Ordovician (470 Ma) non-vascular land plants, middle Dev

19 We dated the origin of insects to the Early Ordovician [~479 million years ago (Ma)], of insect flig

20 s from decomposed meteorites occur in middle Ordovician (480 million years ago) marine limestone over

21 an-Cambrian (635-485 million years ago), the Ordovician (485-444 million years ago), the Devonian (41

22 ccurrence of anomalocaridids, from the Early Ordovician (488-472 million years ago) Fezouata Biota in

23 Here, we describe a Tremadocian (Early Ordovician, about 480 Ma) assemblage with elements of bo

24 age, maximally in the late Cambrian-earliest Ordovician, after its divergence from cyclostomes.

25 rally accepted reports are from rocks of mid-Ordovician age (Llanvirn, 475 million years ago).

26 bably occurred in the late Cambrian to early Ordovician, an estimate that is independent of their pro

27 chnid stem lineage and suggests the Cambrian-Ordovician ancestor of arachnids would also have been se

28 a behaved as a cohort, declining through the Ordovician and disappearing at the end-Ordovician mass e

29 ock Fauna radiated rapidly during the Middle Ordovician and gave rise to all post-Ordovician trilobit

30 Cambro-Ordovician and Jurassic rapid-cooling episodes correlate

31 two key 'windows of opportunity' during the Ordovician and Jurassic-Paleogene capable of supporting

32 ldest unambiguous fungal fossils date to the Ordovician and show remarkable diversity and organizatio

33 oplankton group, the graptolites, during the Ordovician and Silurian periods (486-418 Ma).

34 Functional diversity increased in the Ordovician and, especially, during the recoveries from t

35 of predation traces increased notably by the Ordovician, and not in the mid-Paleozoic as suggested by

36 mid the high-water temperatures of the Early Ordovician, and shows comparable ecological structuring

37 dle Ordovician, intensifying during the Late Ordovician, and ultimately culminating in the Hirnantian

38 From mid-Ordovician approximately 470 Myr-old limestone >100 foss

39 ged significantly in richness since the Late Ordovician ( approximately 450 million years ago).

40 zation during the late Ediacaran through the Ordovician (approximately 550 to 444 million years ago)

41 ptionally preserved communities in the Welsh Ordovician are also sponge-dominated, suggesting a regio

42 Extinction patterns at the end of the Ordovician are related to clade size: Surviving trilobit

43 influx of meteorites to Earth during the mid-Ordovician, as previously indicated by fossil meteorites

44 yle taxa typical of marginal or deeper-water Ordovician assemblages.

45 f these communities continued into the Early Ordovician at high latitude, but our understanding of ec

46 alite saturation during the formation of the Ordovician Beekmantown evaporative sequence.

47 ce of jawed vertebrates as part of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (approximately 485-4

48 en the Cambrian Explosion (CE) and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) have long bee

49 nding of ecological changes during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) is currently

50 The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) was the most

51 is consistent with models linking the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event to cooling of previo

52 r diversification of marine fauna (the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event) and a proliferation

53 tinued through much of the Ordovician (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event), the search for an

54 imatic cooling, Hirnantian Glaciation, Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, and Late Ordovician

55 ommunities and the early stages of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

56 only from before the main phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

57 veloped planktic ecosystems during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

58 ecosystems that are a hallmark of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

59 ecological development through the critical Ordovician biodiversification interval.

60 warmth, and cooling around the Early-Middle Ordovician boundary.

61 However, the skeletal diversity of Early Ordovician bryozoans suggests a preceding interval of di

62 e Castle Bank fauna: a highly diverse Middle Ordovician Burgess Shale-type fauna from Wales (UK) that

63 wed vertebrates and occurred in the mid-late Ordovician by allotetraploidization (that is, genome dup

64 the diagenetic character of two thick Cambro-Ordovician carbonate platforms with minimal to moderate

65 technique to an exceptionally well-preserved Ordovician carbonate record from the Baltic Basin and pr

66 o long intervals that sum to 300 Myr (Middle Ordovician-Carboniferous; Late Jurassic-Paleogene).

67 ed protocerebral appendage), from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota, Wales, UK.

68 One is Ordovician climate, which in recent years has undergone

69 en weathering by non-vascular vegetation and Ordovician climate.

70 The Osterberg fossils attest to an Ordovician co-occurrence of cryptic taxa and feeding ada

71 lobal cooling events, such as Middle to Late Ordovician cooling and glaciation associated with the cl

72 myriapod origins in the Cambrian and a post-Ordovician crown group fossil record.

73 fell to present-day levels during the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Age.

74 s in the Zbrza PIG-1 borehole from the Upper Ordovician deep shelf sections of the peri-Baltic region

75 ereby estimate ice volumes, through the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian glaciation.

76 We examined Middle Ordovician-Early Silurian North American fossil occurren

77 pare the anatomy and life habits of Cambrian-Ordovician echinoderms to test which facet better facili

78 at provides a wealth of information on Early Ordovician ecosystems.

79 Causal connections among major Ordovician environmental and biological events (i.e., lo

80 from the Fezouata biota of Morocco (Early Ordovician epoch, around 478 Ma).

81 natures of authentic glendonites, except for Ordovician examples.

82 GOBE) is currently limited by the paucity of Ordovician exceptionally preserved open-marine faunas.

83 An anomalocaridid from the Ordovician exposes a second set of body flaps and reopen

84 lite resurgence also occurred after the Late Ordovician extinction event in western North America.

85 rished in the immediate aftermath of the end-Ordovician extinction event, preserved in the Soom Shale

86 a 15-million-year phase after which the Late Ordovician extinctions lowered generic richness and furt

87 Contrary to the traditional view of the Late Ordovician extinctions, our study suggests a protracted

88 we reconstruct Late Cambrian warming, Early Ordovician extreme warmth, and cooling around the Early-

89 new anomalocaridid specimens from the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota of Morocco, which not only sho

90 s in the number of impact craters in the mid-Ordovician following the L-chondrite break-up, the only

91 e Fezouata Biota (Morocco) is a unique Early Ordovician fossil assemblage.

92 Middle-Ordovician fossils now represent the oldest known eviden

93 ctonic principle is illustrated by the early Ordovician Grampian Orogeny in the British and Irish Cal

94 Late Ordovician graptoloids experienced a phylogenetic bottle

95 n yr later and continued through much of the Ordovician (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event),

96 We find that the seawater in the Ordovician had lower delta(18)O(seawater) values than pr

97 V)) in gnathostomes and a prolonged Cambrian-Ordovician hexaploidization (2R(CY)) in cyclostomes.

98 al within trilobite communities in the Early Ordovician highlights the complexity of ecosystem struct

99 The Late Ordovician (Hirnantian, approximately 445 million years

100 ears, particularly during the Cretaceous and Ordovician, hydrothermal fluids had more seawater-derive

101 (1-3) that may have been at the origin of an Ordovician ice age and major turnover in biodiversity(4)

102 first unambiguous evidence for a sudden Mid Ordovician icehouse, comparable in magnitude to the Quat

103 ities shows a continuous increase during the Ordovician in both shallow- and deep-marine environments

104 Only in the mid-Ordovician, in connection with the break-up of the L-cho

105 e interrelated factors: (i) a Middle to Late Ordovician increase in available hard substrates for bio

106 This Ordovician increase in bioturbation diversity was not pa

107 hypothesis, I show that 11 of 13 major post-Ordovician innovations appeared first or only on land.

108 ), commencing around the onset of the Middle Ordovician, intensifying during the Late Ordovician, and

109 ryophytes emerged in a mid-Cambrian to early Ordovician interval, compatible with hypotheses on their

110 The Early Ordovician is a key interval for our understanding of th

111 The Tremadocian (Early Ordovician) is currently considered a time span of green

112 ted continental dispersal in the Middle/Late Ordovician, it is possible to consider that alongside a

113 to intense volcanism during the middle Late Ordovician Katian Age.

114 , are here described from rocks of the Upper Ordovician Katian Stage Lorraine Group of New York State

115 et sp. nov, from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Beecher's Trilobite Bed site of New

116 Later Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstatten are not directly compa

117 he Cabrieres Biota, a newly discovered Early Ordovician Lagerstatte from Montagne Noire, southern Fra

118 observed in the Cabrieres Biota mixes Early Ordovician Lagerstatten taxa with Cambrian forms.

119 marine shelly assemblages ranging from Early Ordovician (Late Tremadoc) to Carboniferous, have proved

120 th icehouse climates of the Cryogenian, Late Ordovician, late Paleozoic, and Cenozoic.

121 the inter-regional distribution patterns of Ordovician Laurentian ostracods, focussing particularly

122 Extraterrestrial chromite grains in mid-Ordovician limestone can be used to constrain in detail

123 Ordovician limestone-marl alternations in the Oslo-Asker

124 Studies of micrometeorites in mid-Ordovician limestones and impact craters on Earth indica

125 liest Paleozoic, suggesting that exceptional Ordovician macrofossil sites are unrepresentative of the

126 harp change in extinction regime in the Late Ordovician marked the onset of repeated severe spikes in

127 The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) included two phases (I

128 The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) was the second largest

129 e Delta(33)S and the first pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction about 445 million years ago s

130 y trends and taxonomic rates during the Late Ordovician mass extinction and Early Silurian recovery.

131 The Late Ordovician mass extinction event is the oldest of the fi

132 portant roles in the first pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction in Laurentia.

133 The second pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction occurred around the Hirnantia

134 al studies and a global analysis of the Late Ordovician mass extinction that accounts for variations

135 The Late Ordovician mass extinction was related to Gondwanan glac

136 rdovician Biodiversification Event, and Late Ordovician Mass Extinction) remain in debate, and the hy

137 most extreme episode of extinction, the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction, old species were selectively

138 h the Ordovician and disappearing at the end-Ordovician mass extinction.

139 environmental changes resulting in the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

140 roximately 447-444 Ma) leading into the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

141 erturbation of the carbon cycle and the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

142 However, Ordovician nonmineralized faunas are rare and mostly sam

143 perturbations of carbon cycling in the Late Ordovician oceans.

144 tropical ostracod distribution in the marine Ordovician of North America.

145 -marine Konservat-Lagerstatte from the Early Ordovician of Wales.

146 Fossilized fungal hyphae and spores from the Ordovician of Wisconsin (with an age of about 460 millio

147 e Lower and Upper Fezouata Formations (Lower Ordovician) of Morocco, which include a range of remarka

148 ld predominantly originate on land after the Ordovician once organisms had conquered the challenges o

149 eage, which may have originated in the upper Ordovician or early Devonian.

150 uctive cell differentiation, during the late Ordovician Period (ca. 450 Ma), coinciding with a major

151 e dry land of the planet, which began in the Ordovician period about 400 million y ago.

152 Vertebrate intention emerged in the Ordovician period as a tool to prowl first olfactory env

153 rtebrate hosts >450 million years ago in the Ordovician period, early Palaeozoic Era.

154 nequivocal demonstration of ostracods in the Ordovician period, including the oldest known myodocope,

155 e mass extinction occurred at the end of the Ordovician period, resulting in ~85% loss of marine spec

156 n of life-environment coevolution during the Ordovician Period.

157 bizarrely asymmetrical Cornuta (Cambrian to Ordovician periods, 540 to 440 million years ago).

158 largest nektonic animals of the Cambrian and Ordovician periods, are generally thought to have been a

159 ition between the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation and because the fossil record of th

160 iversity increase with distinct Cambrian and Ordovician radiation events that are clearly separated b

161 a global increase in taxonomic richness, the Ordovician Radiation is also characterized by a gradual

162 The Ordovician Radiation is confined to a 15-million-year ph

163 an early Cambrian origination and subsequent Ordovician radiation of Bryozoa following the acquisitio

164 A second decline occurred during the Ordovician Radiation of marine animals, and from then un

165 ong control on biodiversification: after the Ordovician Radiation, genus richness did not trend for h

166 ersifications-the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation-by suggesting an evolutionary conti

167 m structuring during the early stages of the Ordovician Radiation.

168 obites were active participants in the great Ordovician radiations.

169 As Early Ordovician regional dispersal was followed by well-docum

170 ecord of euthycarcinoids in the Cambrian and Ordovician reveals amphibious locomotion in tidal enviro

171 ion of spore-containing plant fragments from Ordovician rocks of Oman.

172 yozoans with advanced polymorphisms in lower Ordovician rocks strongly suggests a Cambrian origin for

173 , focussing particularly on the diverse Late Ordovician Sandbian (ca 461 to 456 Ma) faunas, demonstra

174 The Ordovician saw one of the greatest evolutionary radiatio

175 h Delta(33)S of up to 0.91 per mille in Late Ordovician sedimentary rocks from South China.

176 n a window on normal marine, well-oxygenated Ordovician shelf habitats, revealing taxa and functional

177 nctions were geologically rapid, whereas the Ordovician-Silurian and Late Devonian 'events' were long

178 crease in alluvial mudrock occurred with the Ordovician-Silurian evolution of bryophytes, challenging

179 Glacial episodes have been linked to Ordovician-Silurian extinction events, but cooling itsel

180 ting kill mechanism during these devastating Ordovician-Silurian palaeobiological events.

181 s were widely distributed on land during the Ordovician-Silurian transition (~444 million years), lon

182 t high-precision radioisotopic dates for the Ordovician-Silurian transition in South China that revea

183 as rutile and apatite are dominated by a mid-Ordovician source.

184 f land plants (embryophytes) consists of mid-Ordovician spore tetrads (approximately 476 Myr old).

185 ved cooling by ~5 degrees C during the final Ordovician stage.

186 graphy to describe the cranial anatomy of an Ordovician stem-group gnathostome: Eriptychius americanu

187 rbated, storm-reworked mudstones of an early Ordovician storm-dominated delta (Tremadocian Beach Form

188 Rare examples in Lower Ordovician strata such as the Fezouata Biota illustrate

189 y Kiaman (Carboniferous-Permian) and Moyero (Ordovician) superchrons, providing a window into the geo

190 ckground" extinction, which dominated in the Ordovician, taxonomic evolutionary rates were relatively

191 instability potentially associated with Late Ordovician tectonic events.

192 ecular clock dating has suggested a Cambrian-Ordovician terrestrialization event for arachnids [3], s

193 s operating within Laurentia during the Late Ordovician: the Taconian Orogeny and GICE related global

194 the Cambrian, reaching a zenith in the Late Ordovician, then a short-lived but prominent withdrawal

195 Cryptospores, recovered from Ordovician through Devonian rocks, differ from trilete s

196 Both in Yukon and globally, Ordovician through Early Devonian anoxic waters were bro

197 ician to 35.6 +/- 2.4 degrees C for the Late Ordovician through the Devonian, then fluctuate around 2

198 arine bivalve and brachiopod genera from the Ordovician through to the Recent while simultaneously ac

199 eased global chemical weathering in the Late Ordovician, thus reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration

200 rn margin of Gondwana (South America) during Ordovician time (about 455 Ma).

201 mbrian time and of a wide ocean basin during Ordovician time indicates that the Precordillera travele

202 nd intruded by crustal melts during Cambrian-Ordovician time.

203 2.0 +/- 3.1 degrees C in the Early-to-Middle Ordovician to 35.6 +/- 2.4 degrees C for the Late Ordovi

204 s traditionally placed in the group Mitrata (Ordovician to Carboniferous periods, 530-280 million yea

205 c range effects or of taxonomic changes from Ordovician to Silurian.

206 size and power) rose substantially from the Ordovician to the Quaternary period, whereas the size of

207 ith a fossil record extending from the Lower Ordovician to today.

208 In this study, assembly processes of Early Ordovician trilobite and echinoderm communities from the

209 Middle Ordovician and gave rise to all post-Ordovician trilobite diversity.

210 sis of the stratigraphic distribution of all Ordovician trilobite families, based on a comprehensive

211 435 species from 1091 genera of Cambrian and Ordovician trilobites reveals that body size evolution c

212 Late Cambrian to early Ordovician trilobites, the family Olenidae, were toleran

213 y more ventilated marine habitats during the Ordovician, ultimately establishing complex ecosystems t

214 External odontodes of the Ordovician vertebrate Eriptychius(11-13) feature large d

215 ring Late Silurian-Early Devonian (or Middle Ordovician when the outgroup is excluded) and that of Ri

216 s ranged into dysaerobic environments in the Ordovician, where Lomankus occupied a deposit-feeding ni

217 s comes from dispersed cryptospores from the Ordovician, which dominated assemblages for 60 million y