ライフサイエンスコーパス: PPi

1 PPi is a linear uncompetitive inhibitor, suggesting that

2 PPi levels in the perfusates both in the liver and kidne

3 PPi triggers a series of reactions resulting in producti

4 PPi-mediated excision produces AZT-5'-triphosphate (AZTT

5 inding dicarboxylates and pyrophosphate (H(2)PPi(2-)).

6 ristolochene synthase complexed with Mg(2+)3-PPi and ammonium or iminium analogues of bicyclic carboc

7 tics parameters for tryptophan-dependent (32)PPi exchange, specificity for tryptophan versus tyrosine

8 rcoal powder to separate it from excess [32P]PPi and then measuring [32P]ATP in a scintillation count

9 method follows the initial velocity of [32P]PPi incorporation into ATP by capturing the nucleotide o

10 ection of the enamel rods, were exposed to a PPi-stabilized supersaturated calcium phosphate (CaP) so

11 The proposed method using a PPi substrate may hold a potential application in diagno

12 phosphate + Pi [Formula: see text] acetate + PPi).

13 Additional PPi in the CCs promotes sucrose oxidation and ATP synthe

14 tension product is efficiently removed after PPi detection by either a chemical method or photolysis.

15 They also suggest that altered PPi homeostasis contributes to the skeletal dysplasias a

16 vessels in culture, suggesting that altered PPi metabolism could contribute to vascular calcificatio

17 Although PPi release is the rate-determining step, it is not the

18 The 3'-AMP-PPi moiety is guided by the positively charged residues

19 The detection limit for Zn(2+) and PPi were found to be approximately 56 and 2 ppb, respect

20 disable the complexation between Cu(2+) and PPi, facilitating the formation of fluorescent CuNPs thr

21 feedback loop in the presence of Zn(2+) and PPi.

22 hange activity was inhibited by both AMP and PPi.

23 hieved using the AuNCs@ew-Cu(2+) for ATP and PPi were ~19 and ~5 muM, respectively.

24 isotope exchange between [alpha-32P] ATP and PPi.

25 The patient-derived cns increased ATP- and PPi-mediated AZTMP excision on an RNA template compared

26 catalyzed DNA synthesis and of both ATP- and PPi-mediated AZTMP excision.

27 catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and PPi.

28 zyme capacity was found for fructokinase and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase during cell division a

29 eters governing nucleotide incorporation and PPi release were determined using an RNA template.

30 corresponding nucleoside monophosphates and PPi and subsequently hydrolyzes the resultant PPi to Pi.

31 on at Pbeta, to yield a nucleotide (NMP) and PPi.

32 phate oxygens of the inserted nucleotide and PPi.

33 ntly, expression of alkaline phosphatase and PPi breakdown, further contributing to PPi accumulation.

34 ontrol pericellular concentrations of Pi and PPi include tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNA

35 inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) production and PPi-generating nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrol

36 lowed by (2S,5S)-5-carboxymethyl proline and PPi is the last product released based on initial veloci

37 n the copper complex of PDI-HIS receptor and PPi.

38 ion, appears to support matrix synthesis and PPi elaboration and to regulate MV composition and miner

39 rts the model for H(+)-PPases functioning as PPi synthases in the phloem by arguing that the increase

40 promoted increased MV NTPPPH, MV-associated PPi, and extracellular PPi.

41 An ATP-PPi isotope exchange assay was used to demonstrate adeny

42 Both enzymes were functionally active in ATP-PPi exchange and aminoacylation assays, and showed simil

43 -domain) substrate specificity using the ATP/PPi exchange assay.

44 s that measure the rate of ULM-dependent ATP:PPi exchange.

45 significantly reduced k(cat) values for ATP:PPi isotope exchange assays, suggesting that the Zn(2+)

46 In this study, using quantitative ATP:PPi isotope exchange assays in combination with site-dir

47 The attacking PPi nucleophile is weakly interacting (r(C-O) = 2.60 A),

48 Because PPi is a powerful antimineralization factor, it has been

49 Because PPi is the major physiological inhibitor of mineralizati

50 's fluorescence; the recovery occurs because PPi complexes with Cu(2+), effectively sequestering the

51 hod relies on the strong interaction between PPi and Cu(2+), which would hamper the effective formati

52 ell-developed ribocations, and weakly bonded PPi nucleophiles.

53 e in response to inflammatory mediators, but PPi production fell, reflecting lower ectonucleotide pyr

54 The ALP-catalyzed PPi hydrolysis would disable the complexation between Cu

55 p of the analogue and the negatively charged PPi anion.

56 amined whether reduced levels of circulating PPi, an antimineralization factor, is the sole mechanism

57 In normal circumstances, PPi is hydrolyzed by the TNAP of MVs' outer membrane yie

58 Cleared PPi was greater than the plasma pool but less than the e

59 deficiency can be prevented by compensating PPi deficits, even partially.

60 s and implements multiple enzymes to convert PPi to ATP that is, in turn, utilized to produce light a

61 ulted in a significant decrease in cytosolic PPi , and short and long-chain polyP levels.

62 first time analyzed the effect of decreased PPi on dental development in individuals with generalize

63 vertently discovered that modulating dietary PPi can also be an effective approach to reducing calcif

64 We also found that dietary PPi is readily absorbed in humans.

65 e, it is inhibited by inorganic diphosphate (PPi).

66 to measure the rate constant of diphosphate (PPi) dissociation during the prenyltransferase reaction

67 al studies demonstrate that the diphosphate (PPi) group of FPP resides in a binding pocket made up of

68 lribose 1-diphosphate) to yield diphosphate (PPi) and the nucleotide OMP (orotidine 5'-monophosphate)

69 sphohydrolase (NTPPPH), yielding an elevated PPi concentration.

70 Erythrocyte PPi content decreased 24 +/- 4%, indicating that intrace

71 Neither CILP isoform exhibits PPi-generating NPP activity.

72 Abnormal extracellular PPi (ePPi) metabolism has been implicated in abnormal ca

73 gulates expression of ANKH and extracellular PPi in chondrocyte cells.

74 NTPPPH, MV-associated PPi, and extracellular PPi.

75 a induces elevated chondrocyte extracellular PPi.

76 tant ANK leading to comparable extracellular PPi levels in Ank(+/+) osteoblasts.

77 e ability of IGF-1 to decrease extracellular PPi, an activity specific for the CILP-1 N-terminal doma

78 ess may be caused by decreased extracellular PPi levels and that the incisor phenotype is likely due

79 nction of ANKH causes elevated extracellular PPi levels, predisposing to CPPD crystal deposition.

80 ty and concordant increases in extracellular PPi, which are strongly associated with human aging-asso

81 ein variant promoted increased extracellular PPi in CH-8 cells, but unexpectedly, these ANKH mutants

82 t effects on the expression of extracellular PPi and the chondrocyte hypertrophy marker, type X colla

83 isease by divergent effects on extracellular PPi and chondrocyte hypertrophy, which is likely to medi

84 ocks this response and reduces extracellular PPi.

85 e developed and evaluated two algorithms for PPi measurement from luminescence kinetics acquired from

86 hPolbeta) and provide a structural basis for PPi release.

87 The observed rate constant for PPi release is equal to the rate constant of prenylation

88 r environment via fluorescence "turn-on" for PPi detection.

89 a sensitive and selective turn-on sensor for PPi.

90 rophosphorylation occurs with a Kd value for PPi of 3.7 mm and a maximal rate constant of 11 s(-1).

91 Furthermore, PPi is an inhibitor for the Tm-MazG NTPase activity.

92 an ENPP1, an ectonucleotidase that generates PPi from adenosine triphosphate.

93 y = polyP45 approximately = polyP25 > PPPi > PPi), with K(1/2) values ranging from 0.2 to 2.8 mM.

94 , utilized to produce light and to hydrolyze PPi for measurement of the steady state background lumin

95 n endomembranes, and rather than hydrolyzing PPi to create pmf, pmf is utilized to synthesize PPi.

96 from 31P NMR spectroscopy studies identified PPi and Pi as by-products of the EutT reaction.

97 llular proton pump in acidocalcisomes but in PPi synthesis in the chromatophore membranes.

98 f food naturally or artificially enriched in PPi represents a possible intervention to mitigate calci

99 The new chow was enriched in PPi, which increased plasma PPi, and significantly reduc

100 educed growth rate as well as a reduction in PPi and short-chain polyP levels.

101 P deficiency a buildup of mineral-inhibiting PPi would be expected at the perimeter of MVs.

102 Pi, suggesting that PPPi is broken down into PPi and Pi.

103 g time-dependent fluorescence intensity into PPi (substrate) concentration, thus allowing calculation

104 ene mutation results in higher intracellular PPi concentration and lower extracellular concentration.

105 Interestingly, detection of intracellular PPi ions in model human cells could also be possible by

106 sed 24 +/- 4%, indicating that intracellular PPi is removed as well.

107 Pyrophosphate ion (PPi) release during transcription elongation is a signat

108 hat the factor that normally prevents PXE is PPi, which is provided to the circulation in the form of

109 inds to the TyrRS.l-Tyr-AMP intermediate (K (PPi)(d) = 0.043 for TyrRS.d-Tyr-AMP.PP(i)).

110 Since ANK is a known PPi transporter, we examined other regulators of Pi/PPi

111 with antimycin or oligomycin contained less PPi and precipitated >50% more 45Ca.

112 e known role mineralization inhibitors, like PPi, play in the regulation of mineralized tissue format

113 ining a single type of polypeptide and links PPi hydrolysis to proton translocation.

114 in the Abcc6(-/-) rats leading to a lowered PPi/inorganic phosphate plasma ratio.

115 In the absence of LRAP, PPi inhibition was reversed by the presence of etched en

116 ulose acetate dialyzer was 36%, and the mean PPi removal in five patients was 43 +/- 5 micromol, cons

117 ociated with the growing DNA strands and Mg2 PPi crystals during the rolling circle process, ultimate

118 nteractions among the activator (AMP or Mg2+.PPi), the enzyme, and GTP), to affect the energetic coup

119 In contrast, during misincorporation, PPi release became extremely slow, which we estimated to

120 ) = 4.8 microM, K(iq(APS)) = 18 nM, and K(mP(PPi)) = 34.6 microM.

121 gether with the crystal structure of the NMN.PPi.Mg2.enzyme complex, the reaction coordinate is defin

122 efficacy of bisphosphonates, nonhydrolyzable PPi analogs, in preventing ectopic mineralization in the

123 cipation of the PPi nucleophiles gives C1'-O(PPi) bond distances of approximately 2.3 A.

124 e bound to the active site in the absence of PPi, suggests that nucleotide binding stimulates PPi dis

125 inc complex and the complex upon addition of PPi have been demonstrated through atomic force microsco

126 in, we determined that the administration of PPi and the bisphosphonate etidronate to Abcc6(-/-) mice

127 As a result of the strong affinity of PPi to copper ions, the presence of PPi makes the etchin

128 atophore membranes as well as the amounts of PPi and polyP increased when bacteria were grown in the

129 , we show that non-hydrolyzable analogues of PPi, bisphosphonates, are potent inhibitors of T. cruzi

130 In vitro clearance of PPi by a 2.1-m2 cellulose acetate dialyzer was 36%, and

131 nts, plasma levels and dialytic clearance of PPi were measured in stable hemodialysis patients.

132 al is generated upon enzymatic conversion of PPi to ATP and ATP levels subsequently detected with fir

133 d the practical utility for the detection of PPi anions by "off-on" response rapidly in a label free

134 ue platform for the fluorogenic detection of PPi having a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.60x1

135 GO proved very valuable for the detection of PPi in unprecedented sensitivity over other competing io

136 The intracellular detection of PPi using PCG also carried out in B16F10 cells where >10

137 reasing intracellular ATP and elaboration of PPi, a critical inhibitor of hydroxyapatite deposition.

138 o arise from the ALP catalyzed hydrolysis of PPi to phosphate (Pi).

139 unique proton pump couples the hydrolysis of PPi to proton translocation across the membrane.

140 x found by NMR, but it decreased the K(I) of PPi 12-fold, suggesting direct coordination of the PPi p

141 ve, as yet unknown mechanism, independent of PPi, by which ABCC6 prevents ectopic mineralization unde

142 We also found that daily injection of PPi to Abcc6(-/-) mice over several months prevented the

143 obvious benefit to HIV using ATP instead of PPi as the excision substrate.

144 Plasma levels of PPi and the degree of ectopic mineralization were determ

145 sition is associated with elevated levels of PPi in joints.

146 The proposed method of PPi sensing offers interesting application potential in

147 f PPi detection is about 7 pg/ml or 15 pM of PPi in ATP-contaminated samples.

148 the side chain in S2, but in the presence of PPi and Mg(2+), the quinuclidine's cationic center inter

149 inity of PPi to copper ions, the presence of PPi makes the etching process greatly suppressed, thereb

150 Interestingly, the principle of PPi estimation in PCR rendered rapid estimation of bacte

151 rated recently that endogenous production of PPi prevents calcification of rat aorta that are culture

152 Our studies show that the products of PPi- and ATP-mediated excision of chain-terminating AZTM

153 d (250 versus 24 s(-1)), whereas the rate of PPi release decreased to approximately 58 s(-1) so that

154 ophosphate (PPi) transporter or regulator of PPi transport.

155 ing followed by cysteine binding, release of PPi, binding of GlcN-Ins, followed by the release of Cys

156 ed during the experiment; the sensitivity of PPi detection is about 7 pg/ml or 15 pM of PPi in ATP-co

157 smembrane protein necessary for transport of PPi out of cells.

158 redispose to chondrocalcinosis by effects on PPi transport, but may also influence chondrocyte matura

159 ing through each pathway depends strongly on PPi concentration, with ligand binding redistributing th

160 alyze the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate (PPi) to inorganic phosphate Pi, driving biosynthetic rea

161 nsporter, we examined other regulators of Pi/PPi homeostasis Enpp1 and Tnap.

162 not sufficient to convert this enzyme to Pi/PPi utilization.

163 s substrates, and enzymatic activity with Pi/PPi was negatively impacted.

164 strated in Abcc6(-/-) mice, which had plasma PPi levels <40% of those found in WT mice.

165 , resulting in only a 27% increase in plasma PPi levels, led to a major reduction in acute and chroni

166 were still evident despite increased plasma PPi levels.

167 was enriched in PPi, which increased plasma PPi, and significantly reduced mineralization in Abcc6(-

168 n ENPP1 in Enpp1(asj) mice normalized plasma PPi levels to that of wild-type mice and, consequently,

169 Approximately 30% of plasma PPi was protein bound, and this was not altered in dialy

170 e of hepatic ABCC6 in contributing to plasma PPi levels, identifying liver as a target of molecular c

171 Plasma [PPi] decreased 32 +/- 5% after standard hemodialysis in

172 Plasma [PPi] in dialysis patients was correlated with plasma [PO

173 Predialysis plasma [PPi] was 2.26 +/- 0.19 microM in 38 clinically stable he

174 It is concluded that plasma [PPi] is reduced in hemodialysis patients and that PPi is

175 It has about 20 pM PPi detection sensitivity and may be the better choice f

176 could be used as an analytical tool to probe PPi generation in a prototype polymerase chain reaction

177 propose that the dissociation of the product PPi after nucleotide addition produces the protein confo

178 of either the incoming NTP or by the product PPi.

179 wth and matrix repair and indirectly promote PPi supersaturation in aging and OA cartilage.

180 nt increase in expression of genes promoting PPi synthesis and extracellular transport, namely Enpp1

181 ue Lys472 that swings its side chain to pull PPi out.

182 Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a known inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation an

183 e natural substrates, NMN and pyrophosphate (PPi), the intrinsic KIEs of [1'-(14)C], [1-(15)N], [1'-(

184 bean (Vigna radiata L.), and pyrophosphate (PPi)- or ATP-dependent acidification was monitored using

185 ine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and pyrophosphate (PPi).

186 that decomposes into cAMP and pyrophosphate (PPi).

187 inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pyrophosphate (PPi).

188 ith Ufm1 and ATP, and its ATP-pyrophosphate (PPi) exchange activity was inhibited by both AMP and PPi

189 at Ras was capable of binding pyrophosphate (PPi) with a dissociation constant of 26 microM and that

190 Both pyrophosphate (PPi) and ATP act as excision substrates in vitro, but th

191 pper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by pyrophosphate (PPi), a novel label-free turn-on fluorescent strategy to

192 e locked-open time induced by pyrophosphate (PPi), which reflects the stability of the full NBD dimer

193 factors, can hydrolyse either pyrophosphate (PPi ) or polyphosphate (polyP).

194 processive primer extension, pyrophosphate (PPi) release was rate-limiting so that the average rate

195 ocumented role in hydrolyzing pyrophosphate (PPi) and capturing the released energy to pump H(+) acro

196 and in case of incorporation, pyrophosphate (PPi) is released.

197 cess of the mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate (PPi) in the extracellular fluid around MVs.

198 ATP synthesis, and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) generation, and the mineralizing potential of relea

199 for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-contaminated sam

200 t and metabolism of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in control of mineralization, and as the likely exp

201 y reduced levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in plasma.

202 Plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) level was reduced (<30%) in the Abcc6(-/-) rats lea

203 ntly reduced plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels underlie PXE.

204 g in reduced plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels.

205 Elevated cartilage inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) production and PPi-generating nucleoside triphospha

206 anced extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) that promotes the deposition of calcium pyrophospha

207 combines the use of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to control the onset and rate of enamel regeneratio

208 ative transmembrane inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) transport channel.

209 tein that regulates inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) transport, are linked to autosomal-dominant familia

210 s to function as an inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter or regulator of PPi transport.

211 idly converted into inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of calcification.

212 monophosphates and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a strong inhibitor of mineralization that plays a

213 In the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), the elongation complex catalyzes the reverse pyrop

214 zymatic end product inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which stimulate chondrocalcinosis.

215 ree Mg(2+) ions and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

216 in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

217 n the production of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

218 ntrations of plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

219 ich is rapidly converted into pyrophosphate (PPi), a major calcification inhibitor.

220 ignificantly higher levels of pyrophosphate (PPi ) and short-chain polyphosphate (polyP), suggesting

221 possesses cellular levels of pyrophosphate (PPi ) at least 10 times higher than those of ATP and mol

222 of, the inhibition effects of pyrophosphate (PPi) against the etching of AuNPLs based on Cu(2+) and I

223 r highly selective sensing of pyrophosphate (PPi) anion in physiological medium.

224 te probe for the detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) in physiological conditions and in in vitro live me

225 s, providing the first use of pyrophosphate (PPi) in solving an enzymatic transition state.

226 Addition of pyrophosphate (PPi) into the weakly fluorescent solution of PPECO2 and

227 Using the binding of pyrophosphate (PPi) to Bacillus subtilis RNase P protein as a model, we

228 s thought that the release of pyrophosphate (PPi) triggers reverse conformational changes in a polyme

229 raphysiologic accumulation of pyrophosphate (PPi), a strong inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation, an

230 ducing free phosphate (Pi) or pyrophosphate (PPi) and promoting matrix mineralization.

231 lex that includes the product pyrophosphate (PPi) are described here.

232 ith DNA templates showed that pyrophosphate (PPi) dissociation was fast after nucleotide incorporatio

233 sequence DNA by detecting the pyrophosphate (PPi) group that is generated when a nucleotide is incorp

234 2)) deletion in exon 9 of the pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter ANK leads to CMD-like features in an An

235 Among them, pyrophosphate (PPi) and polytriphosphate (PPPi) were found to support a

236 lytica ACK (EhACK) which uses pyrophosphate (PPi)/inorganic phosphate (Pi) (acetyl phosphate + Pi [Fo

237 zation of the H(+)-PPase with pyrophosphate (PPi) and short and long chain polyphosphates (polyPs) bu

238 patients and Abcc6(-/-) mice display reduced PPi levels in plasma and peripheral tissues.

239 e more likely to form in a milieu of reduced PPi concentration.

240 factor, it has been postulated that reduced PPi is a major determinant for ectopic mineralization in

241 The sensitivity of cementum to reduced PPi levels in both human and mouse teeth establishes thi

242 otase-alpha enzyme therapy aimed at reducing PPi concentration.

243 Pi and subsequently hydrolyzes the resultant PPi to Pi.

244 imino) methyl)-4 methyl phenol]) could sense PPi anion through "turn-on" colorimetric and fluorimetri

245 1.2Zn can selectively and specifically sense PPi among all the other biologically important anions in

246 vice application was demonstrated by sensing PPi in paper strips coated with L.

247 s applications that require high-sensitivity PPi detection in ATP-contaminated samples.

248 n events were limited by the relatively slow PPi release step.

249 The accompanying paper shows that slow PPi release allows polymerization and RNase H to occur a

250 ates of discrimination by including the slow PPi release step.

251 ng administration of bisphosphonates, stable PPi analogs with antimineralization activity.

252 suggests that nucleotide binding stimulates PPi dissociation and occurs before polymerase translocat

253 The attachment of such PPi-generating dendritic DNA platforms to ligands that m

254 to create pmf, pmf is utilized to synthesize PPi.

255 dissociation constant of 26 microM and that PPi and GMP, but neither alone, synergistically potentia

256 is reduced in hemodialysis patients and that PPi is cleared by dialysis.

257 Our work indicates that PPi substitution represents a promising strategy to trea

258 decreased to approximately 58 s(-1) so that PPi release became the rate-limiting step.

259 These results suggest that PPi is the major mediator of ectopic mineralization in P

260 sistence in tissues of mice, suggesting that PPi and polyP are essential for the parasite to resist t

261 The PPi assay is primarily developed for RNA expression anal

262 In this assay, the PPi group produced in the prenyltransferase reaction is

263 rs to be a universal module that assists the PPi release even in multi-subunit RNAPs with charge faci

264 We found that both the PPi-induced locked-open time and the ATP/P-ATP ligand ex

265 /-) rats were significantly reduced, but the PPi levels in the liver perfusates of wild-type rats wer

266 e PPi release in T7 RNAP is initiated by the PPi dissociation from two catalytic aspartic acids, foll

267 therapeutic methodologies to compensate the PPi deficit in animal models and humans.

268 Finally, the PPi- or ATP-dependent H(+) accumulation determined exper

269 The unique selectivity of the PPi by the L1-Zn ensemble could be used as an analytical

270 After detection of the PPi for sequence determination, the 3'-OH of the primer

271 nine stabilizes the deprotonated form of the PPi leaving group.

272 king them highly sensitive regulators of the PPi level in response to the changes in cell energy stat

273 from this first mutagenic exploration of the PPi motif in any adenylyltransferase is that the residue

274 Weak participation of the PPi nucleophiles gives C1'-O(PPi) bond distances of appr

275 -fold, suggesting direct coordination of the PPi product by the enzyme-bound divalent cation.

276 ere we investigated detailed dynamics of the PPi release process in a single-subunit RNA polymerase (

277 ined a jump-from-cavity kinetic model of the PPi release utilizing extensive nanosecond MD simulation

278 thereby achieving sensitive detection of the PPi.

279 We found that the PPi release in T7 RNAP is initiated by the PPi dissociat

280 We also noticed that the PPi release is not tightly coupled to opening motions of

281 with C1'-anomeric migration from NAM to the PPi.

282 nd that it exhibits weak binding affinity to PPi relative to NTP, suggesting a mechanism in which PPi

283 s three cns showed a higher ratio of ATP- to PPi-mediated excision, indicating that some cn mutations

284 he reaction, the cleavage of the P-O bond to PPi, corresponds to the highest point on the free energy

285 e and PPi breakdown, further contributing to PPi accumulation.

286 the relative contribution of these organs to PPi levels in circulation.

287 everse conformational changes occur prior to PPi release.

288 ing growth factor beta, a potent stimulus to PPi production.

289 ates the extent of fluorescence recovery to [PPi], making the PPECO2-Cu(2+) system a sensitive and se

290 The motif appears to be unique to the N-type PPi synthetase family, and mutations in it are linked, i

291 the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using PPi as the substrate is developed.

292 Thus early cancer detection via PPi recognition in physiological conditions and in live

293 st to MSCs treated with dexamethasone, where PPi levels did not fall and mineralization was fuelled b

294 For determining whether PPi metabolism is altered in hemodialysis patients, plas

295 tive to NTP, suggesting a mechanism in which PPi is rapidly released after each nucleotide addition a

296 reaction at a maximum rate of 0.8 s(-1) with PPi Kd of 1.2 mM.

297 reveal hPolbeta in an open conformation with PPi bound in the active site, thereby strongly suggestin

298 rted to chromatographically fractionate with PPi-generating nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiester

299 uinuclidine's cationic center interacts with PPi and three Mg(2+), mimicking a transition state invol

300 The assay operates with [PPi] in the micromolar range, and it offers a straightfo