ライフサイエンスコーパス: PRRSV

1 PRRSV employs -1 PRF directed by RNA secondary and terti

2 PRRSV has a limited tropism for certain cells, which may

3 PRRSV helicase nsp10 is a multifunctional protein with t

4 PRRSV helicase nsp10 is an important component of the re

5 PRRSV infection elicits a meager protective immune respo

6 PRRSV infection in primary porcine pulmonary alveolar ma

7 PRRSV infection induced miR-24-3p expression to facilita

8 PRRSV infection induces poor antiviral innate IFN and cy

9 PRRSV is ideal for deciphering how monocytic cell activa

10 PRRSV nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) was previously iden

11 PRRSV Nsp1beta blocks the nuclear translocation of the I

12 PRRSV nsp1beta was identified to be a strong innate immu

13 PRRSV piglets were febrile (p < 0.0001), anorectic (p <

14 PRRSV reduced the STAT2 level in a dose-dependent manner

15 PRRSV strains of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 species reduce

16 PRRSV-CON replicates as efficiently as our prototype PRR

17 PRRSV-induced autophagy in thymic epithelial cells modul

18 PRRSV-induced STAT2 degradation could be restored by tre

19 esistance of transfected HEK cells to type 1 PRRSV.

20 can (NA)-type PRRSVs (n = 355, including 138 PRRSV genomes sequenced in this study) in China and the

21 onredundant, full-genome sequences of type 2 PRRSVs, a consensus genome (designated PRRSV-CON) was ge

22 We examined the ability of all 22 PRRSV genes for NF-kappaB regulation and determined the

23 RRSV-CON) was generated by aligning these 59 PRRSV full-genome sequences, followed by selecting the m

24 describe here a novel approach to generate a PRRSV vaccine candidate that could confer unprecedented

25 ctivated by a protein factor, specifically a PRRSV replicase subunit (nsp1beta).

26 In addition, PRRSV nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) was identified to

27 RNA-mediated regulation occurred early after PRRSV infection and decreased fast (1,241 and 141 RISC-b

28 However, after PRRSV infection, pigs typically develop a weak and defer

29 uded that Matrine possesses activity against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro and suppression of the

30 ymocytes modulates cellular immunity against PRRSV and other pathogens.

31 (NAbs) can effectively protect pigs against PRRSV infection.

32 ith DS5M3, still acquired protection against PRRSV challenge at a level similar to that of the parent

33 s potential new antiviral strategies against PRRSV infection.

34 ment of a broadly protective vaccine against PRRSV.

35 und to be susceptible to recombination among PRRSVs both in China and the United States.

36 PRRSV strains of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 species reduced the STAT2 protein level, whereas

37 ls modulates the development of T cells, and PRRSV-induced apoptosis in CD4(pos)CD8(pos) thymocytes m

38 ltogether, our findings suggest that EAV and PRRSV nsp4 cleave NEMO at multiple sites and that this s

39 present study demonstrates that both EAV and PRRSV nsp4 cleave NEMO at multiple sites and that this s

40 EMO is a common strategy utilized by EAV and PRRSV nsp4 to antagonize IFN induction, EAV nsp4 adopts

41 on surface markers, cytokine expression and PRRSV replication were detected upon miR-335-5p mimics o

42 centages of CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes and PRRSV-specific CD3(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma and IL

43 osed to either PCV2, PRRSV, or both PCV2 and PRRSV were used to validate the microbead assay (MBA) in

44 ppa coefficients, 0.85 and 0.67 for PCV2 and PRRSV, respectively).

45 ltaneous detection of antibodies to PCV2 and PRRSV, thereby reducing the time and effort involved in

46 The kinetics of the PCV2- and PRRSV-specific antibody responses measured by the microb

47 estigate response pathways in uninfected and PRRSV-infected monocytic cells at different activation s

48 ynthesis and also offer a new potential anti-PRRSV strategy targeting the N-Nsp9 and/or N-DHX9 intera

49 re of full-length nsp10 from the arterivirus PRRSV at 3.0- angstrom resolution.

50 strate that the N protein of the arterivirus PRRSV participates in viral RNA replication and transcri

51 re of full-length nsp10 from the arterivirus PRRSV, which has multiple domains: an N-terminal zinc-bi

52 Several strains of both PRRSV type 1 and type 2 led to a similar reduction of ST

53 PRRSV strains of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 species reduced the STAT2 protein le

54 Matrine treatment suppressed both PRRSV and PCV2 infection at 12 h post infection.

55 ntibodies, in this study we molecularly bred PRRSV through DNA shuffling of the GP4 and M genes, sepa

56 nterestingly, infection of MARC-145 cells by PRRSV strains VR-2332 and VR-2385 also resulted in KPNA1

57 rted cleavage site E349 in NEMO, scission by PRRSV nsp4 took place at two additional sites, E166 and

58 utamine 205 (Q205), which is not targeted by PRRSV nsp4.

59 Meanwhile, the ability of catching PRRSV antigen was also significantly enhanced.

60 ynthetic PRRSV strain based on a centralized PRRSV genome sequence.

61 to L1 backbone during 2014-2018 for Chinese PRRSVs, whereas L1 was always the major backbone for US

62 ay an important role of Matrine in combating PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection.

63 uld be broadly applied to current commercial PRRSV modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines and other candi

64 However, these molecules conferring PRRSV infection have not been fully characterized.

65 A major hurdle to control PRRSV is the ineffectiveness of the current vaccines to

66 state PAMs reacts promptly to counterbalance PRRSV infection by a pervasive modulation of host functi

67 resumably by passage through cell cultures), PRRSV-01 virus quickly regains these glycosylation sites

68 ype 2 PRRSVs, a consensus genome (designated PRRSV-CON) was generated by aligning these 59 PRRSV full

69 V strains and the GP5-M genes of 6 different PRRSV strains were molecularly bred by DNA shuffling and

70 of heterologous protection against divergent PRRSV isolates.

71 P5 envelope genes of 7 genetically divergent PRRSV strains and the GP5-M genes of 6 different PRRSV s

72 assays for detection of genetically diverse PRRSV isolates in serum, semen, blood swabs, and oral fl

73 letion (indel) polymorphisms of NSP2 divided PRRSVs into 25 patterns, which could generate novel refe

74 During PRRSV infection of MARC-145 cells, the cytoplasmic PCBP1

75 pecificities of VN responses elicited during PRRSV infection.

76 insights into virus-host interactions during PRRSV infection but also suggests potential new antivira

77 s demonstrate a practical means to eliminate PRRSV-associated reproductive disease, a major source of

78 th PRRSV followed by PCV2 2 h later enhanced PRRSV and PCV2 replications.

79 In MARC-145 cells expressing PRRSV receptors, GFP-nsp2 moved from one cell to another

80 In particular, the engineered IFN-expressing PRRSV strain eliminated exogenous virus infection and su

81 of HO-1 expression by miR-24-3p facilitates PRRSV replication.

82 ses are monocytotropic, including our focus, PRRSV, which alone causes nearly $800 million economic l

83 human immunodeficiency virus, and our focus, PRRSV, which causes great economic losses each year in t

84 rank correlations were 0.72 (P < 0.001) for PRRSV and 0.80 (P < 0.001) for PCV2.

85 l benefits of Nup62 and nsp1beta binding for PRRSV replication: the inhibition of host antiviral prot

86 on the expression of CD163, a coreceptor for PRRSV.

87 ndicate that MYH9 is an essential factor for PRRSV infection and provide new insights into PRRSV-host

88 vy chain 9 (MYH9) as an essential factor for PRRSV infection using the anti-idiotypic antibody specif

89 Six groups of three boars negative for PRRSV were each inoculated with one of six PRRSV isolate

90 PCV2 and were 91% and 93%, respectively, for PRRSV (kappa coefficients, 0.85 and 0.67 for PCV2 and PR

91 was detected in 3 nasal swabs collected from PRRSV-seropositive pigs by real-time RT-PCR and sequenci

92 eric structure of the arterivirus nsp11 from PRRSV at 2.75-A resolution.

93 al infection, were completely protected from PRRSV in dams possessing a complete knockout of the CD16

94 ucture of the arterivirus nsp11 protein from PRRSV, which exhibits a unique structure and assembles i

95 IBV was detected in 3 nasal swabs from PRRSV-seropositive pigs by real-time reverse transcripti

96 n FL12 cDNA infectious clone with those from PRRSV-01.

97 Furthermore, PRRSV/PCV2 co- infection induced IkappaBalpha degradatio

98 transfection with an infectious clone of GFP-PRRSV.

99 of the chimeric viruses against heterologous PRRSV strains.

100 ese findings reveal a strategy evolved by HP-PRRSV to counteract anti-viral innate immune signaling,

101 emonstrated that highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) infection specifically down-regulated virus-induc

102 Subsequently, we demonstrated that HP-PRRSV nsp4 down-regulated VISA and suppressed type I IFN

103 We describe here a type II PRRSV field isolate (PRRSV-01) that is highly susceptibl

104 by replacing the structural genes of type II PRRSV strain FL12 cDNA infectious clone with those from

105 utations preventing nsp2TF expression impair PRRSV replication and produce a small-plaque phenotype.

106 terference of the innate immunity.IMPORTANCE PRRSV infection elicits a meager protective immune respo

107 uld be useful for development of an improved PRRSV vaccine.

108 means to understand the role of domain 5 in PRRSV infection with both type 1 and type 2 viruses, pig

109 entification of cellular factors involved in PRRSV life cycle not only will enable a better understan

110 Expression of nsp2TF in PRRSV-infected cells was verified using specific Abs, an

111 y that DHX9 is recruited by the N protein in PRRSV infection to regulate viral RNA synthesis.

112 To study antiviral responses in PRRSV-infected monocytic cells, we characterized inflamm

113 The typical features of immune responses in PRRSV-infected pigs are delayed onset and low levels of

114 e evasion is thought to play a vital role in PRRSV pathogenesis.

115 To test the role of SIGLEC1 in PRRSV infection, a SIGLEC1 gene knockout pig was created

116 were obtained commercially and validated in PRRSV-infected cells.

117 e the function of DCs to present inactivated PRRSV antigen through TRIF/MyD88-NF-kappaB signaling pat

118 uimod of TLR7 ligand, along with inactivated PRRSV antigen.

119 oly (I: C), imiquimod along with inactivated PRRSV group.

120 In particular, infection incapacitates PRRSV-susceptible CD14(pos) antigen-presenting cells (AP

121 After infection, PRRSV viremia in SIGLEC1(-/-) pigs followed the same cou

122 ion and that overexpression of HO-1 inhibits PRRSV replication.

123 This finding provides insight into PRRSV pathogenesis and its interference with the host im

124 Our data provide further insights into PRRSV interference with interferon signaling.

125 RRSV infection and provide new insights into PRRSV-host interactions and viral entry, potentially fac

126 describe here a type II PRRSV field isolate (PRRSV-01) that is highly susceptible to neutralization a

127 mmune signaling, which complements the known PRRSV-mediated immune-evasion mechanisms.

128 Lineage 1 (L1) PRRSV was found to be susceptible to recombination among

129 e cloned into the backbone of a DNA-launched PRRSV infectious clone.

130 In a test of spatial learning, PRRSV piglets took longer to acquire the task, had a lon

131 th differential diversity in L1, NADC30-like PRRSVs are undergoing a decrease in population genetic d

132 dynamics analysis revealed that NADC30-like PRRSVs are undergoing a decrease in population genetic d

133 in population genetic diversity, NADC34-like PRRSVs have been relatively stable in population genetic

134 Mutant PRRSV with the K59A mutation generated by reverse geneti

135 A mutant PRRSV with mutation of K59 had minimal effect on STAT2 r

136 The vL126A mutant PRRSV generated by reverse genetics replicated at a lowe

137 s a consequence, the growth of vL126A mutant PRRSV was rescued to the level of wild-type PRRSV.

138 the family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales PRRSV is a major agent of respiratory diseases in pigs,

139 decreased, along with incremental amounts of PRRSV inocula.

140 had no measurable effect on other aspects of PRRSV infection, including clinical disease course and h

141 raries were each cloned into the backbone of PRRSV strain VR2385 infectious clone pIR-VR2385-CA.

142 ng recognized as a primary characteristic of PRRSV infection.

143 Here the proteolytic cleavage of PRRSV nsp2 was further investigated in virally infected

144 Our results show that the 1B domain of PRRSV nsp10 adopts a novel open state and has a unique C

145 this study was to investigate the effect of PRRSV on STAT2 signaling.

146 econdary infectious agents due the effect of PRRSV on the thymus, and this susceptibility phenomenon

147 the discontinuous to continuous extension of PRRSV RNA synthesis and also offer a new potential anti-

148 Since both GP4 and M genes of PRRSV induce neutralizing antibodies, in this study we m

149 F that are stimulated by the interactions of PRRSV nonstructural protein 1beta (nsp1beta) and host pr

150 vitro, the attachment and internalization of PRRSV are dependent on the interaction between sialic ac

151 d nonstructural protein 1 beta (nsp1beta) of PRRSV has been identified as the protein that disintegra

152 howed that nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) of PRRSV induced the STAT3 degradation by increasing its po

153 rovide new insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV.

154 on the distinct neutralization phenotype of PRRSV-01, a chimeric virus (FL01) was generated by repla

155 It is unclear whether the N protein of PRRSV is involved in regulation of the viral RNA product

156 The nsp5 protein of PRRSV is responsible for the accelerated STAT3 degradati

157 = 50), consistent with the expected size of PRRSV particles.

158 after infection with a subtype 1.1 strain of PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vir

159 y, from six genetically different strains of PRRSV in an attempt to identify chimeras with improved h

160 ith the viral particle of diverse strains of PRRSV.

161 Our study reveals a new strategy of PRRSV for immune evasion and enhanced replication during

162 Our study unveils a novel strategy of PRRSV for immune evasion and enhanced replication during

163 approach relies on the network structure of PRRSV but applies to any diverse RNA virus because it id

164 ve pathway for intercellular transmission of PRRSV in which the virus uses nanotube connections to tr

165 SP2 indel patterns for the classification of PRRSVs.

166 e novel references for the classification of PRRSVs.

167 deeper understanding of the recombination of PRRSVs and indicate the need for coordinated epidemiolog

168 important insights into the recombination of PRRSVs and suggest the need for coordinated internationa

169 ; a classical inducer of HO-1 expression) on PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells and primary porcine

170 fferent NEMO fragments resulting from EAV or PRRSV nsp4 scission to induce IFN-beta production, we se

171 tudy, we demonstrated that highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) infection specifically down-regulated v

172 were experimentally exposed to either PCV2, PRRSV, or both PCV2 and PRRSV were used to validate the

173 Importantly, when inoculated into pigs, PRRSV-CON confers significantly broader levels of hetero

174 se results suggested that miR-24-3p promotes PRRSV replication through suppression of HO-1 expression

175 for the development of a broadly protective PRRSV vaccine.

176 N replicates as efficiently as our prototype PRRSV strain FL12, both in vitro and in vivo.

177 Recombinant PRRSV nucleoprotein antigen and the PCV2 capsid antigen

178 Finally, a recombinant PRRSV genome containing a myc-tagged nsp2 was used to ge

179 the intercellular transport of a recombinant PRRSV that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tag

180 n HEK-293T cells cocultured with recombinant PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells.

181 cted MARC-145 cells by using two recombinant PRRSVs expressing epitope-tagged nsp2.

182 2 in cells resulted in significantly reduced PRRSV genome replication and transcription without adver

183 e HO-1 expression and, by doing so, regulate PRRSV replication.

184 rtant role for PCBP1 and PCBP2 in regulating PRRSV RNA synthesis.

185 In a previous study, two ribavirin-resistant PRRSV mutants (RVRp13 and RVRp22) were selected, and the

186 Highly purified cell-free virions of several PRRSV strains were isolated through multiple rounds of d

187 RRSV) infection on the STAT3 signaling since PRRSV induces a weak protective immune response in host

188 f cellular lipid metabolism and (ii) in situ PRRSV replication-competent expression of interferon alp

189 r PRRSV were each inoculated with one of six PRRSV isolates (sharing 55 to 99% nucleotide sequence id

190 ntify nsp2 as a virion-associated structural PRRSV protein and reveal that nsp2 exists in or on viral

191 variable RNA virus, by creating a synthetic PRRSV strain based on a centralized PRRSV genome sequenc

192 Next, the synthetic PRRSV-CON strain was generated through the use of revers

193 In this study, we demonstrate that PRRSV N protein is bound to Nsp9 by protein-protein inte

194 Together, these results demonstrate that PRRSV nsp11 antagonizes IFN signaling via mediating STAT

195 Collectively, our data demonstrate that PRRSV-CON can serve as an excellent candidate for the de

196 Here, we demonstrated that PRRSV downregulated STAT2 to inhibit IFN-activated signa

197 ntly, our biochemical data demonstrated that PRRSV nsp11 exists mainly as a dimer in solution.

198 Here, we discovered that PRRSV antagonizes the JAK/STAT3 signaling by inducing de

199 Here, we discovered that PRRSV nsp11 downregulates STAT2.

200 In the present study, we found that PRRSV interferes with the IFN signaling pathway.

201 We report here that PRRSV infection of MARC-145 cells and primary porcine pu

202 These results indicate that PRRSV antagonizes the STAT3 signaling by accelerating ST

203 the cytoplasm to the nucleus indicating that PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection induced NF-kappaB activation.

204 One of the possible reasons is that PRRSV antagonizes interferon induction and its downstrea

205 These data lead us to propose that PRRSV utilizes the host cell cytoskeletal machinery insi

206 It has been reported that PRRSV infection can modulate host immune responses, and

207 Here, we show that PRRSV infection induces host miRNA miR-24-3p expression

208 In addition, we show that PRRSV N interacts with cellular RNA helicase DHX9 and re

209 Our previous research showed that PRRSV downregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (

210 Sequence analysis shows that PRRSV-01 lacks two N-glycosylation sites, normally prese

211 Previous work suggested that PRRSV nsp4 suppresses type I IFN production by cleaving

212 A previous study suggested that PRRSV nsp4, a 3C-like protease, antagonizes interferon b

213 The PRRSV nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) has been shown to b

214 The PRRSV nsp11 endoribonuclease plays a vital role in arter

215 The PRRSV nsp1beta protein blocks host mRNA nuclear export,

216 The PRRSV-mediated antagonizing STAT3 could lead to suppress

217 The PRRSV-mediated STAT3 reduction was in a dose-dependent m

218 This may be one of the reasons for the PRRSV interference with the innate immunity and its poor

219 h is one of the most variable regions in the PRRSV genome, than MLV.

220 dation and provide further insights into the PRRSV interference of the innate immunity.IMPORTANCE PRR

221 This study provides insight into the PRRSV interference with the JAK/STAT3 signaling, leading

222 However, the structures of the PRRSV nsp11 and coronavirus nsp15 catalytic domains were

223 cial role in the proteolytic cleavage of the PRRSV replicase polyproteins.

224 nsport of viral proteins did not require the PRRSV receptor as it was observed in receptor-negative H

225 In this study, we demonstrated that the PRRSV nsp2 OTU domain antagonizes the type I interferon

226 In mice experiment, it was found that the PRRSV-specific T lymphocyte proliferation, the percentag

227 the anti-idiotypic antibody specific to the PRRSV glycoprotein GP5.

228 MYH9 physically interacts with the PRRSV GP5 protein via its C-terminal domain and confers

229 ng the early response to infection with this PRRSV 1.1 strain and indicate that the miRNome expressed

230 omain and confers susceptibility of cells to PRRSV infection.

231 We expand this concept to PRRSV, a highly variable RNA virus, by creating a synthe

232 orted by a demonstrated resilience of pDC to PRRSV infection, this pathogen may interact with a cell

233 on play an important role in the response to PRRSV infection and that nsp2 is a key factor in counter

234 r-individual gene expression and response to PRRSV infection in pigs.

235 viremia levels or weight gain in response to PRRSV infection.

236 ferent activation states were susceptible to PRRSV and responded differently to viral infection.

237 heterologous protection than does wild-type PRRSV.

238 PRRSV was rescued to the level of wild-type PRRSV.

239 enomic sequences of North American (NA)-type PRRSVs (n = 355, including 138 PRRSV genomes sequenced i

240 ry dynamics between North American (NA)-type PRRSVs in China and in the United States.

241 Interestingly, nsp4 of typical PRRSV strain CH-1a had no effect on VISA.

242 reas L1 was always the major backbone for US PRRSVs.

243 associated with the attenuation of virulent PRRSV in RVRp13 and MLV quickly reverted to wild-type se

244 recombination properties of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) have not been completely elucidated.

245 f gene expression in response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection.

246 ry syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) is an important swine disease worldwide.

247 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) activates NF-kappaB during infection.

248 ine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is quite com

249 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are major contributors to the porcine respiratory

250 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) blocks host mRNA nuclear export to the cytoplasm,

251 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) caused microglial activation within the hippocamp

252 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes PRRS and is known to effectively suppress

253 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) crosses the placenta and begins to infect fetuses

254 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) dramatically affects the thymus and its ability t

255 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) first, and PCV2 subsequently.

256 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from an alternative reading frame overlapping the

257 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) identified one pig with broadly neutralizing acti

258 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in serum containing 6.10 x 10(2) viral copies per

259 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of swine results in substantial economi

260 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection on the STAT3 signaling since PRRSV indu

261 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral respon

262 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) inhibits the synthesis of type I IFNs.

263 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major respiratory disease agent in pigs that

264 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a member of the family Arteriviridae, order Ni

265 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important viral pathogen, causing huge loss

266 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important swine p

267 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important viruses

268 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most significant etiological agents

269 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) leads to the translation of two additional viral

270 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) mutants (RVRp13 and RVRp22) were selected, and th

271 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can effectively pr

272 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nonstructural protein 1beta (nsp1beta) is a multi

273 respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) nsp1 crystal structures.

274 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nucleocapsid (N) protein is the main component of

275 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) particle.

276 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assa

277 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains elusive.

278 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication in cell culture and that the antivira

279 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) represent two members of the family Arteriviridae

280 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA endoribonuclease nsp11 belongs to the XendoU

281 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) showed a higher prevalence of IBV antibodies in o

282 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain A2MC2 induces type I interferons in cultur

283 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains circulating in the field, mainly due to t

284 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to generate multiple proteins from overlapping re

285 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was recently demonstrated to be processed from it

286 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an important pathogen that affects the pig indus

287 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and apparently most other arteriviruses, use an

288 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), as a model, rapid attenuation of the virus was a

289 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), nanotubes were observed connecting two distant c

290 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which directly infects subsets of monocytic cell

291 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

292 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

293 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

294 reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

295 n IIA were identified as coprecipitates with PRRSV nsp1beta, nsp2, nsp2TF, nsp4, nsp7-nsp8, GP5, and

296 ally in swine herds previously infected with PRRSV, an immunosuppressive virus.

297 crophages (PAM) cells model co-infected with PRRSV/PCV2 with modification in vitro, and investigated

298 sults demonstrated PAM cells inoculated with PRRSV followed by PCV2 2 h later enhanced PRRSV and PCV2

299 e is not required for infection of pigs with PRRSV and that the absence of SIGLEC1 does not contribut

300 on sites, normally present in wild-type (wt) PRRSV strains, in two of its envelope glycoproteins, one