ライフサイエンスコーパス: Paleozoic

1 port CO(2)'s role as a climate driver in the Paleozoic.

2 fts in marine ecosystems as early as the mid-Paleozoic.

3 ation trend over the entire Early and Middle Paleozoic.

4 of marine sedimentary rocks since the early Paleozoic.

5 nt of echinoderm body plans during the early Paleozoic.

6 e evolution of land plants during the middle Paleozoic.

7 rsity accumulation occurred during the Early Paleozoic.

8 diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.

9 n twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic.

10 l relative-abundance distributions after the Paleozoic.

11 systems throughout the remainder of the Late Paleozoic.

12 errestrial plant and animal evolution in the Paleozoic.

13 <1%) and went up slightly in the mid-to-late Paleozoic.

14 d confirms that Ostracoda were extant in the Paleozoic.

15 Atmospheric O2 levels then rose in the mid Paleozoic (359-252 Ma), and Nrf2 diverged once again at

16 osition of evaporite sulphate during the mid-Paleozoic (420 to 387.7 million years ago).

17 It formed during the Paleozoic accretion of the Altaids and was rejuvenated i

18 The Late Paleozoic acquisition of wings in insects represents one

19 All preserved Paleozoic actinopterygian brains show broad similarities

20 d endoskeletal traits relative to most other Paleozoic actinopterygians.

21 nclude Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic age constraints, and should aid in our ability

22 om their closest extant relatives during the Paleozoic, all contemporary species of Trichinella diver

23 The septal sutures of 588 genera of Paleozoic ammonoids showed a 1600 percent increase in me

24 idaroidea, which diverged from a common late Paleozoic ancestor.

25 cation pathways evolved independently in the Paleozoic and are well conserved in two clades that repr

26 an equilibrium number of species during the Paleozoic and demonstrate the need to consider both temp

27 ze to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic.

28 rsification of terrestrial ecosystems in the Paleozoic and enhanced rising CO2 concentrations across

29 Empirical estimates of [CO(2)](atm) during Paleozoic and Mesozoic greenhouse climates are based pri

30 inental arcs correspond with prominent early Paleozoic and Mesozoic greenhouse climates, whereas redu

31 Sawflies diversified during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic in four episodes (middle Permian,

32 nsity transitions from weak to strong in the Paleozoic and the Proterozoic present challenges in iden

33 tes of the Cryogenian, Late Ordovician, late Paleozoic, and Cenozoic.

34 arbon isotope variations in the Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Triassic.

35 ications of morphological diversity in early Paleozoic animals, with some workers using apparently ra

36 ment larval surfaces of some of the earliest Paleozoic apatitic-shelled brachiopods and may also be i

37 leontological record of the lower and middle Paleozoic Appalachian foreland basin demonstrates an unp

38 Late Paleozoic arborescent lycopsids have been thought to hav

39 otably by the Ordovician, and not in the mid-Paleozoic as suggested by multiple previous studies.

40 ong Meso-Cenozoic assemblages than among the Paleozoic assemblages that preceded them.

41 Such hyperoxia of the late Paleozoic atmosphere may have physiologically facilitate

42 fication are related to fluctuations in Late Paleozoic atmospheric oxygen concentration.

43 Whether the upper limb branch of Paleozoic "biramous" arthropods, including trilobites, s

44 ecord of predation indicates that attacks on Paleozoic brachiopods were very rare, especially compare

45 ilar to accessory mineralization observed in Paleozoic Burgess Shale-type fossils.

46 ory of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericrato

47 We infer a decrease from high Paleozoic C:P(org) and N:P(org) to present-day ratios, w

48 he term Fusulinata, defined as including all Paleozoic calcareous forms except Miliolida and Lagenata

49 d during summer coincide with two stripes of Paleozoic carbonates exposed at the southern and norther

50 This ~80-million-year interval of the Paleozoic characterized by widespread ferruginous bottom

51 Here, I derive 24 Late Paleozoic CO(2) estimates from the fossil cuticle record

52 ionary innovations between fungi and plants, Paleozoic coal abundance was likely the result of a uniq

53 ygenated to near-modern levels until the mid-Paleozoic, coinciding with the onset of generally lower

54 ositive carbon isotope excursion in the late Paleozoic, coinciding with the onset of the late Paleozo

55 opod and vertebrate taxa before a major Late Paleozoic colonization of terrestrial habitats.

56 ednaviruses was already established in their Paleozoic common ancestor, making it a truly ancient and

57 mponent of reef-supporting regions since the Paleozoic, contrasting with its later rise to dominance

58 ogical characters of a global sample of post-Paleozoic crinoid echinoderms shows that this group unde

59 sted strongly with the predominantly sessile Paleozoic crinoid faunas.

60 Analysis of 11 Paleozoic crinoid Lagerstatten revealed a significant in

61 orders during the adaptive radiation of post-Paleozoic crinoids suggests a general functional importa

62 , and still are, globally widespread in post-Paleozoic crinoids.

63 Yet the oxygenation history of Paleozoic deep oceans remains debated.

64 The late Paleozoic deglaciation is the vegetated Earth's only rec

65 This "Mid-Paleozoic Dipole Low (MPDL)" bears a number of similarit

66 ces in the dynamics of Paleozoic versus post-Paleozoic diversification.

67 Early-to-middle Paleozoic diversity was, in contrast to the Meso-Cenozoi

68 The Paleozoic Dniepr-Donets Basin in Belarus, Ukraine, and R

69 We show that these Paleozoic echinoderms were likely able to move over the

70 n of the DNG thus predates the burst of post-Paleozoic echinoid morphological diversification that be

71 ds were related to benthic predation by post-Paleozoic echinoids with their stronger and more active

72 levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an int

73 D carbonization of the skin proper) from the Paleozoic Era and the earliest known occurrence of epide

74 In the Paleozoic era, more than 400 Ma, a number of insect grou

75 the Meso-Cenozoic hold implications for the Paleozoic Era.

76 arate groups of forms that characterized the Paleozoic Era.

77 ond during the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras (0.6-0.45 Gya).

78 ng the Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic eras, with each increase having profound conse

79 egassing rate between the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Eras.

80 ttern of diversification matches that of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna; hence, trilobites were act

81 oic events: specifically, the middle to late Paleozoic expansion of land plants and the Triassic brea

82 However, fractionation during the early/mid-Paleozoic fails to correlate with shelf area.

83 In Aetheretmon and other Paleozoic fishes, the vertebrae-bearing tail continues t

84 The majority of calcareous Paleozoic foraminifera have been assigned to the Fusulin

85 The Paleozoic foraminifera, traditionally referred to one ta

86 the potential ecological complexity of late Paleozoic forests.

87 ern Cambrian biotas, alongside classic later-Paleozoic forms like colonial zooplankton and biomineral

88 Paleozoic fossils trace crown mollusks to forms exhibiti

89 elationships between the different groups of Paleozoic gnathostomes are still debated, mainly because

90 The early Paleozoic greenhouse may have been curbed by the evoluti

91 epresents a morphological 'link' between the Paleozoic griffenflies (Meganisoptera) and the modern ta

92 s of morphological evolution during the post-Paleozoic history of a major invertebrate clade, the Ech

93 Recent studies have suggested that Paleozoic hyperoxia enabled animal gigantism, and the su

94 xisted in the penultimate icehouse, the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), remains uncertain.

95 ozoic, coinciding with the onset of the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA).

96 uatorial Pangaea during the peak of the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA).

97 the climate and carbon cycle during the late Paleozoic ice age and the climatic significance of the f

98 ng and contributed to the demise of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age.

99 to simulate arboreal vegetation in the late Paleozoic ice age.

100 ne sulfate to near-modern levels by the late Paleozoic influenced not only surface biogeochemical cyc

101 Widespread gigantism in late Paleozoic insects and other arthropods is also consisten

102 ting that increasing oxygenation through the Paleozoic is not necessary to explain why extinction rat

103 The Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic is so named for massive, widespread coal depos

104 ed, mainly because of incomplete datasets on Paleozoic jawed vertebrate fossils and ontogeny of some

105 ldest stem-group forms appeared in the early Paleozoic, living lamprey biodiversity results from dive

106 on bears fundamental similarities to that of Paleozoic lobopodians [1, 6, 9, 10].

107 lling frequencies were very low in the early Paleozoic (<<1%) and went up slightly in the mid-to-late

108 Extinction intensities calculated from 505 Paleozoic marine assemblages divided among six environme

109 riven mechanisms for the oxygenation of late-Paleozoic marine environments, as well as suggestions th

110 ing this interval, referred to as the Middle Paleozoic Marine Revolution, the diversity of shell-crus

111 gating secular Hg isotopic variations in the Paleozoic marine sediments from South China and peripher

112 The stages immediately following the three Paleozoic mass extinctions also account for 17% of all o

113 Crown-group Paleozoic members of the arachnid order Opiliones are in

114 y rare, especially compared to those on post-Paleozoic mollusks, yet stratigraphically and geographic

115 n intermediate impact, affecting mostly deep Paleozoic nodes, for which clock-like genes recover date

116 ysis indicates that selective regimes in the Paleozoic ocean plankton switched rapidly (generally in

117 The extent to which Paleozoic oceans differed from Neoproterozoic oceans and

118 greater oxygen accumulation in the earliest Paleozoic oceans.

119 unas, from shallower water refugia, than the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic origin of these faunas sugge

120 ted to the size of extinction bottlenecks in Paleozoic orders-and ongoing physical environmental chan

121 Despite its early Paleozoic origin, the diversification of major orders wi

122 lly high levels of disparity observed in the Paleozoic origins of major metazoan body plans, or in th

123 lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossi

124 the broad upper limit for estimates of early Paleozoic oxygen levels, our results are consistent with

125 ical analyses suggest the presence of a late Paleozoic oxygen pulse beginning in the late Devonian an

126 being a direct consequence of limited early Paleozoic oxygenation and temperature-dependent hypoxia

127 470 Ma onward, were responsible for this mid-Paleozoic oxygenation event, through greatly increasing

128 from abdominal lateral outgrowths (flaps) of Paleozoic palaeodictyopteran larvae, which show comparab

129 overage and temporal resolution of the Early Paleozoic paleoclimate record are limited, primarily due

130 This mode is prevalent during early- to mid-Paleozoic periods, whereas coupling of beta and gamma di

131 ividual high conductance components in these Paleozoic plants are nonetheless associated with low who

132 ses for two ~4100 Ma detrital zircons from a Paleozoic quartzite at the Longquan area of the Cathaysi

133 The Early Paleozoic radiation of diverse animal life is commonly c

134 ionary pattern seen during the group's early Paleozoic radiation.

135 Early Paleozoic radiations established stable ecosystem relati

136 Paleozoic ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), relatives

137 Our analysis of the post-Paleozoic record of ordinal first appearances indicates

138 al U/Pb ratios increased notably in the late-Paleozoic, reflecting an increase in oxygenation of mari

139 lies that, even if clades surviving from the Paleozoic represented ecological incumbents that hindere

140 cal complexity of the sporophyte body in the Paleozoic resulted at least in part from the recruitment

141 Smaller spinose fossils in Paleozoic rocks have commonly been interpreted as algal

142 wide was promoted by unique aspects of early Paleozoic seawater chemistry that strongly impacted sedi

143 aasporophyll in this important group of Late Paleozoic seed plants.

144 dering rivers challenge this notion, but the Paleozoic shift in the geometry of river deposits remain

145 osphorus content of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic shows little secular change in median values,

146 Remnants of two preceding events, by a Paleozoic silicic fluid and a Proterozoic carbonatitic f

147 mbrian sponge that, like several other early Paleozoic sponges, had weakly biomineralized and hexacti

148 rts, but this effect was limited to the post-Paleozoic, suggesting differences in the dynamics of Pal

149 n-style shelf faunas throughout the earliest Paleozoic, suggesting that exceptional Ordovician macrof

150 aminifera, the diagnostic characteristics of Paleozoic taxa are largely unexplored.

151 However, most late Paleozoic taxa are stem actinopterygians, and broadly re

152 manders and other lissamphibians, as well as Paleozoic tetrapods, remains considerable.

153 n order of magnitude higher during the Early Paleozoic than during the rest of the Phanerozoic, consi

154 rm, secular environmental changes during the Paleozoic that provided opportunities for body size incr

155 he detached middle ear from the jaw bones of Paleozoic therapsids and Mesozoic cynodonts, and the evo

156 l for absolute plate motion back to earliest Paleozoic time (540 Ma).

157 ater) with major radiations occurring during Paleozoic time.

158 malayan rocks may have occurred during early Paleozoic time.

159 ms and paved the way for the transition from Paleozoic to Mesozoic evolutionary faunas.

160 has increased by ~8 per mille from the early Paleozoic to modern times.

161 A major implication is that many Paleozoic total group lissamphibians (i.e., higher temno

162 The Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic transition likely marks the second rise in atm

163 The rates of Paleozoic true polar wander (<1 degrees /My) are compati

164 y-two eustatic events are documented for the Paleozoic, varying in magnitude from a few tens of meter

165 c, suggesting differences in the dynamics of Paleozoic versus post-Paleozoic diversification.

166 For the Paleozoic, we have identified six phases of slow, oscill

167 ent from marine environments after the Early Paleozoic-were likely driven more by reduction in animal

168 ed by the mainly planktic graptolites of the Paleozoic, which are widely used as zone fossils for cor

169 ng topological diversity throughout the late Paleozoic, which may be related to developmental and/or

170 niquely adapted to this habitat in the Lower Paleozoic, which was widespread in the Late Cambrian ove

171 f continents by vascular land plants in late Paleozoic, would certainly affect terrestrial P input in

172 -resolution dataset of species durations for Paleozoic zooplankton and more broadly can account for a