ライフサイエンスコーパス: Pu

1 Pu concentrations in seawater and groundwater samples, s

2 Pu uptake studies from solutions at pH from 2.3 to 6.3 i

3 Pu(IV) and Pu(V) sorption to goethite was investigated o

4 Pu-erh tea displays cholesterol-lowering properties, but

5 Pu-UiO-66 expands the established UiO-66 series, which i

6 Pu.1 is an ETS family transcription factor (TF) that pla

7 illite in 0.1 M NaCl at pH between 3 and 10, Pu uptake was characterized by log Rd > 4 (Rd: distribut

8 When contacting Pu (85% Pu(IV), 11% Pu(V), and 4% Pu(III); 8 x 10(-11) < [Pu]tot/M < 10(-8))

9 with 150 mum thickness ZrB(2) IFBA; (Case 2) Pu-240 or Am-241 mixed homogeneously with the fuel; and

10 tio, the emission signals of (234)U and (238)Pu were quantified at lambda = 424.408 nm and lambda = 4

11 sion lines of both nuclides, (234)U and (238)Pu were selectively and directly determined in the disso

12 organic matter (NOM), 10(-9)-10(-10) M (238)Pu, and 0.1 g.L(-1) goethite concentrations, at pH 3, 5,

13 on filament and direct determination of (238)Pu in the presence of (238)U, eliminating the requiremen

14 sed on the fact that the alpha decay of (238)Pu present in the investigated samples produced (234)U a

15 (137)Cs, 1.5 TBq of (90)Sr, 7.8 GBq of (238)Pu, 6.3 GBq of (239)Pu, 9.4 GBq of (240)Pu and 29.7 GBq

16 o achieve reliable results only for the (238)Pu/(234)U, (239)Pu/(235)U, and (240)Pu/(236)U chronomete

17 adds to the quality assurance of (234)U/(238)Pu age dates.

18 metry (SF-ICPMS) analysis of the (234)U/(238)Pu amount ratio of all samples applying isotope dilution

19 For the assessment of the (234)U/(238)Pu amount ratio, the emission signals of (234)U and (238

20 ubsequently calculated using the (234)U/(238)Pu chronometer.

21 standards that are certified for (234)U/(238)Pu, (235)U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu

22 ross-comparison of the different (234)U/(238)Pu, (235)U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu

23 of plutonium oxide (7% (240)Pu and 93% (239)Pu).

24 io was consistent across the sample but (239)Pu/(238)U(raw) decreased from 1.99 +/- 0.07 to 0.11 +/-

25 comes problematic in samples containing (239)Pu, so our aim was to understand if the hydride formatio

26 Advantages of the continuous (239)Pu measurement method are (1) reduced sample preparation

27 Total ion counts ((239)Pu + (242)Pu) and isotope ratios obtained from fiber-loa

28 Fallout radionuclides ((137)Cs, (239)Pu, (240)Pu) were measured in soil samples (n = 160) col

29 ion of (129)I, (236)U, and Pu isotopes ((239)Pu and (240)Pu) in seawater sampled during four differen

30 n levels would allow the measurement of (239)Pu at the 10 ppb level in the presence of U and the equi

31 tinuous semiquantitative measurement of (239)Pu in ice cores, which was used to develop annual record

32 (90)Sr, 7.8 GBq of (238)Pu, 6.3 GBq of (239)Pu, 9.4 GBq of (240)Pu and 29.7 GBq of (241)Am were rele

33 idate the origin of the highest (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratio of 0.293 +/- 0.028 we found close to FDNPP

34 35)U/(238)U, (236)U/(238)U, and (240)Pu/(239)Pu of 1.12 +/- 0.04, 0.006 +/- 0.002, 0.054 +/- 0.004, r

35 35)U/(238)U, (236)U/(238)U, and (240)Pu/(239)Pu ratios of 0.11 +/- 0.04, 0.001 +/- 0.002, and 0.05 +/

36 one year averaged results to published (239)Pu records and other records of NWT.

37 The (239)Pu measurements in the Antarctic ice cores tracked low l

38 The (239)Pu profiles from the Arctic ice cores reflected global t

39 m; and (4) the long half-life means the (239)Pu record is stable through time.

40 The (239)Pu was measured directly using an inductively coupled pl

41 le results only for the (238)Pu/(234)U, (239)Pu/(235)U, and (240)Pu/(236)U chronometers, the optimiza

42 re certified for (234)U/(238)Pu, (235)U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu model purificati

43 of the different (234)U/(238)Pu, (235)U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu model purificati

44 for simultaneous (235,236,238)U and (239,240)Pu isotope compositions.

45 4,137)Cs, (90)Sr-(90)Y, (103)Ru and (239,240)Pu) in terms of the radiation fluence, energy deposition

46 nister of 3.4 kg of plutonium oxide (7% (240)Pu and 93% (239)Pu).

47 I, (236)U, and Pu isotopes ((239)Pu and (240)Pu) in seawater sampled during four different cruises pe

48 the (238)Pu/(234)U, (239)Pu/(235)U, and (240)Pu/(236)U chronometers, the optimization of the procedur

49 with (235)U/(238)U, (236)U/(238)U, and (240)Pu/(239)Pu of 1.12 +/- 0.04, 0.006 +/- 0.002, 0.054 +/-

50 e has (235)U/(238)U, (236)U/(238)U, and (240)Pu/(239)Pu ratios of 0.11 +/- 0.04, 0.001 +/- 0.002, and

51 to elucidate the origin of the highest (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratio of 0.293 +/- 0.028 we found close

52 (238)Pu, 6.3 GBq of (239)Pu, 9.4 GBq of (240)Pu and 29.7 GBq of (241)Am were released from both fire

53 allout radionuclides ((137)Cs, (239)Pu, (240)Pu) were measured in soil samples (n = 160) collected at

54 (234)U/(238)Pu, (235)U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu model purification ages as well

55 (234)U/(238)Pu, (235)U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu model purification ages obtained

56 )U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu model purification ages as well as other multigenerat

57 )U/(239)Pu, (236)U/(240)Pu, and (241)Am/(241)Pu model purification ages obtained at four independent

58 onal radio-chronometers such as (237)Np/(241)Pu.

59 certainty of 50% was found for (237)Np, (242)Pu, and (243)Am concentrations determined with the two a

60 ironmental behavior of (233)U, (237)Np, (242)Pu, and (243)Am was investigated in a water conductive s

61 Total ion counts ((239)Pu + (242)Pu) and isotope ratios obtained from fiber-loaded filame

62 ure additionally allowed the use of the (242)Pu/(238)U isotope amount ratio as a highly sensitive ind

63 most probably representing (241)Am and (244)Pu employed in a previous tracer test demonstrated the a

64 ong-term investigation of anthropogenic (244)Pu occurrence in the environment.

65 plutonium isotopic compositions, e.g., (244)Pu, that reflect the unique legacy of plutonium producti

66 Significant (244)Pu was measured in all of the years sampled with the hig

67 The (244)Pu content, in femtograms (fg = 10(-15) g) per gram, ran

68 C, and TTT, and the consensus sequence is 3'-Pu(Py)2-3 Based on our studies, we propose that Rpo41-Mt

69 contacting Pu (85% Pu(IV), 11% Pu(V), and 4% Pu(III); 8 x 10(-11) < [Pu]tot/M < 10(-8)) with illite i

70 Well-defined solid sources of NH(4)Pu(V)O(2)CO(3)(s) were placed in two 5-L lysimeters cont

71 For pH < 5, Pu(IV) and Pu(III) coexisted in solution under our exper

72 When contacting Pu (85% Pu(IV), 11% Pu(V), and 4% Pu(III); 8 x 10(-11) < [Pu]tot

73 At pH 9, Pu sorption in the presence of all NOM increased relativ

74 ption spectra and the crystal structure of a Pu(IV) complex with the reagent.

75 g the first structural characterization of a Pu-C bond.

76 strategy on three distinct systems, for Ac, Pu, and Bk purification.

77 eek due to the reduction of weakly adsorbing Pu(V).

78 However, without the NOM amendment, Pu was transported significantly farther than in the pre

79 linate complexes, [Pu(III)(DPA)(H2O)4]Br and Pu(IV)(DPA)2(H2O)3.3H2O, as well as by a second mixed-va

80 (1.8 mg/L) suggest that the high colloid and Pu concentrations observed in our 140 and 200 degrees C

81 In contrast DBP, U-DBP, and Pu-DBP complexes were observed in both positive and nega

82 ound are benchmarked by the pure Pu(III) and Pu(IV) dipicolinate complexes, [Pu(III)(DPA)(H2O)4]Br an

83 For pH < 5, Pu(IV) and Pu(III) coexisted in solution under our experimental con

84 In 10(-6) M Pu(IV) and Pu(V) samples, HRTEM analysis showed the formation of a

85 Equivalent Pu(IV) and Pu(V) sorption Kd values obtained at 1 and 2-week sampli

86 Pu(IV) and Pu(V) sorption to goethite was investigated over a conce

87 alculations include complexes of Pa, Np, and Pu.

88 a correlation between the number of Pu-O and Pu-Pu contacts and the atomic surface-to-volume ratio of

89 comparative study of nanostructured PuO2 and Pu colloids produced by sonochemical and hydrolytic meth

90 e importance of down-regulation of Runx1 and Pu.1 in erythropoiesis is further supported by genome-wi

91 study, we identify the actions of Runx1 and Pu.1 itself at the Pu.1 gene Upstream Regulatory Element

92 During early erythropoiesis, Runx1 and Pu.1 levels decline, and chromatin accessibility at the

93 patial distribution of the isotopes of U and Pu and can be used to obtain quantitative isotope ratios

94 ear evidence of Fukushima-derived (236)U and Pu isotopes has been found in this study, although furth

95 ere used to evaluate the speciation of U and Pu with TBP and DBP.

96 ned with chromatographic separation of U and Pu.

97 he temporal evolution of (129)I, (236)U, and Pu isotopes ((239)Pu and (240)Pu) in seawater sampled du

98 Thus, Runx1, acting at the URE, and Pu.1 itself directly regulate Pu.1 levels in erythroid c

99 f Pu may be due to cycling between Pu(V) and Pu(IV).

100 Small amounts of aqueous Pu(V) were detected in solution on contact with illite a

101 The aqueous Pu was found to be stable as predominately Pu(V) for gre

102 nce reduction of the Pu(V) source as well as Pu sorption to soils.

103 However, formation of colloid-associated Pu will tend to decrease with time as nuclear test cavit

104 events, allowing relatively minor changes at Pu'u 'O'o to cause major destruction and historic change

105 igration of Pu may be due to cycling between Pu(V) and Pu(IV).

106 At initial concentrations >10(-8) M, both Pu oxidation states exhibited deviations from linear sor

107 The active lava lakes within both Pu'u O'o Vent and Halema'uma'u Crater began to drain and

108 the fuel; and (Case 3) another composite BP: Pu-240 or Am-241 with 150 mum thickness ZrB(2) IFBA.

109 d X-ray fluorescence analysis on a collected Pu particle indicate that the Pu in the particle origina

110 tructure (EXAFS) suggests that the collected Pu particle forms a "core-shell" structure with the Pu(I

111 Pu(III) and Pu(IV) dipicolinate complexes, [Pu(III)(DPA)(H2O)4]Br and Pu(IV)(DPA)2(H2O)3.3H2O, as we

112 s well as by a second mixed-valent compound, Pu(III)[Pu(IV)(DPA)3H0.5]2, that falls into class I inst

113 When contacting Pu (85% Pu(IV), 11% Pu(V), and 4% Pu(III); 8 x 10(-11) <

114 To identify the mechanisms controlling Pu mobilization, long-term (~3 year) laboratory nuclear

115 tonium, namely Pu(2+) in [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Pu(II)Cp''3], Cp'' = C5H3(SiMe3)2.

116 ite ternary batch systems, NOM will decrease Pu sorption to goethite at all but particularly low pH c

117 oupled with strong Pu complexation decreased Pu sorption at pH 5 and 7, relative to a ligand-free sys

118 ature dependence of the bulk moduli in delta-Pu.

119 previously reported excess entropy of delta-Pu at elevated temperatures.

120 ctronic contribution to the entropy of delta-Pu, which we show to be crucial for the stabilization of

121 e from its largest volume delta phase (delta-Pu) to its low temperature alpha phase, yet the underlyi

122 ere compared to those measured by depositing Pu amended resin beads on the filament.

123 The average number of detected Pu+ counts was 180% greater, and there was a 72% reducti

124 s in NWT and were in agreement with discrete Pu profiles from lower latitude ice cores.

125 Downward Pu migration appears to be influenced by the initial sou

126 DGT measurements of environmental Pu in organic-rich natural water confirm these findings.

127 tice-dynamics and elasticity data on epsilon-Pu.

128 Equivalent Pu(IV) and Pu(V) sorption Kd values obtained at 1 and 2-

129 ilitating the binding of the pioneer factor, Pu.1 and cofactor, Irf8, to nucleate new enhancers that

130 t and mobility of Th(IV), as an analogue for Pu(IV) and other tetravalent actinides [An(IV)], in satu

131 gue to Pu(III)), (ii) the known constant for Pu(III)-Pu(IV) redox transition, and (iii) measured Eh a

132 ls, and loss of both factors is critical for Pu.1 down-regulation during terminal differentiation.

133 epitaxial distortion previously observed for Pu(IV) sorption occurs with Pu(V) as well.

134 n dodecane, showed very high selectivity for Pu(IV) in acidic medium, in the presence of other compet

135 al impurities, and over 10(8) for redox-free Pu purification against uranyl ions and trivalent actini

136 The reduction from Pu(VI) to Pu(V) could be accelerated by raising the pH o

137 s with a single composition of weapons grade Pu.

138 he particle has enriched U and weapons-grade Pu with (235)U/(238)U, (236)U/(238)U, and (240)Pu/(239)P

139 ic basis, the foams had a similar or greater Pu capacity than the resin with fewer ion-exchange sites

140 resent study further characterizes this high Pu affinity subfraction using electrospray ionization Fo

141 However, Pu migration has been observed and attributed to colloid

142 tic methods, has been conducted using HRTEM, Pu LIII-edge XAS, and O K-edge NEXAFS/STXM.

143 lytic Pu colloid is influenced by hydrolysed Pu(IV) species to a greater extent than in sonochemical

144 FS indicated that oxygen state in hydrolytic Pu colloid is influenced by hydrolysed Pu(IV) species to

145 asi-stoichiometric PuO2 cores and hydrolyzed Pu(IV) moieties at the surface shell.

146 nto 13 x 13 assemblies with Case 3 BPs (IFBA+Pu-240 or IFBA+Am-241) for reactivity control while redu

147 u(III)), (ii) the known constant for Pu(III)-Pu(IV) redox transition, and (iii) measured Eh and pH, o

148 of 5f electrons in the mixed-valent Pu(III)/Pu(IV) solid-state compound, Pu3(DPA)5(H2O)2 (DPA = 2,6-

149 s by a second mixed-valent compound, Pu(III)[Pu(IV)(DPA)3H0.5]2, that falls into class I instead.

150 of the most active and abundant pigments in Pu-erh tea.

151 s in Ho, Dy, and Tb and a s->f transition in Pu.

152 Conversely, CA, FA, and HA increased Pu sorption to goethite at pH 3, suggesting ternary comp

153 ate within 1 week, regardless of the initial Pu oxidation state.

154 Experiments with initial Pu concentrations of 10(-15) - 10(-8) M produced linear

155 S and HRTEM analysis of samples with initial Pu concentrations of 10(-8) - 10(-6) M indicated that Pu

156 In this study, we investigated Pu sorption onto Na-illite, a relevant component of pote

157 hod, compared to conventional TIMS involving Pu purification by anion exchange resin.

158 hromatin immunoprecipitation with the -14-kb Pu.1 or +37-kb Cebpa enhancers after stable expression i

159 tions from linear sorption behavior and less Pu was adsorbed than at lower concentrations.

160 The determination of trace-level Pu isotopes in water requires offsite sample preparation

161 ations of 10(-15) - 10(-8) M produced linear Pu sorption isotherms, demonstrating that Pu sorption to

162 the magma plumbing system at the long-lived Pu'u 'O'o eruption site caused widespread pressurization

163 sults are consistent with the documented low Pu concentrations in NNSS groundwater.

164 However, much lower Pu and colloid concentrations were observed at 25 and 80

165 soil fractions which had successively lower Pu concentrations.

166 ), 11% Pu(V), and 4% Pu(III); 8 x 10(-11) < [Pu]tot/M < 10(-8)) with illite in 0.1 M NaCl at pH betwe

167 For both lysimeters, Pu migrated slowly with the majority (>95%) remaining wi

168 In 10(-6) M Pu(IV) and Pu(V) samples, HRTEM analysis showed the form

169 ehold-use was used to oxidize a 2 x 10(-8) M Pu(IV) solution to predominantly Pu(VI) with some Pu(V)

170 the production age of various Pu materials (Pu powder, cardiac pacemaker battery, (242)Cm heat sourc

171 At 200 degrees C, maximum Pu and colloid concentrations of 30 Bq/L and 150 mg/L, r

172 An environmentally recovered, mixed Pu-U hot particle from the Thule accident, Greenland has

173 e highly soluble Pu(V,VI) to the less mobile Pu(IV) within the argillaceous rock material, while bulk

174 Direct neutron detection from a moderated Pu-Be source was achieved using (6)Li-enriched (95 per c

175 formal oxidation state for plutonium, namely Pu(2+) in [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Pu(II)Cp''3], Cp'' = C5H3(

176 t the same structure as M(IO3)4 (M = Ce, Np, Pu), but instead parallels the structural chemistry of t

177 valence-pure [An(VI)O2Cl4](2-) (An = U, Np, Pu) tectons is the norm.

178 pounds containing [AnO2Cl4](2-) (An = U, Np, Pu), via hydrogen and halogen bonds donated by substitut

179 reducing An(III) center in AnCp3 (An=U, Np, Pu; Cp=C5 H5 ) to oxo-bind and reduce the uranyl(VI) dic

180 form infrared spectroscopy in the absence of Pu.

181 oncentrated eluate relative to the amount of Pu loaded onto the foam columns.

182 methods for the rapid, fieldable analysis of Pu in water.

183 The geochemical behavior of Pu strongly depends on its redox speciation.

184 ural organic matter (NOM) on the behavior of Pu(V) in the vadose zone through a combination of the fi

185 Characterization of Pu colloids revealed a correlation between the number of

186 ensive physical/chemical characterization of Pu contaminants for reliable environmental- and radiotox

187 ined the effective diffusion coefficients of Pu(V) in polyacrylamide (PAM) gel in the presence of hum

188 s of Pu-UiO-66 demonstrates adept control of Pu(IV) coordination under hydrolysis-prone conditions, p

189 only used technique for the determination of Pu isotopic composition and concentration in complex mat

190 However, the rate of dissociation of Pu-NOM complexes in natural freshwaters is currently unk

191 e cholesterol- and lipid-lowering effects of Pu-erh tea, and suggest that decreased intestinal BSH mi

192 a very concentrated and low-soluble form of Pu, which will serve as ongoing radioactive sources far

193 the reactivity of the more oxidized forms of Pu(V,VI) within Opalinus Clay (OPA) rock, a heterogeneou

194 , at circumneutral pH, a sizable fraction of Pu was lost from solution by either precipitation or sor

195 le assessment of the environmental impact of Pu contaminants and their implications for human health

196 w insights into the dissociation kinetics of Pu-NOM complexes.

197 of ultrasound contribute to the mechanism of Pu colloid formation.

198 hours, indicating that downward migration of Pu may be due to cycling between Pu(V) and Pu(IV).

199 revealed a correlation between the number of Pu-O and Pu-Pu contacts and the atomic surface-to-volume

200 aining at the site exists as particulates of Pu(IV) oxyhydroxide compounds, a very concentrated and l

201 TF binding represents a distinct pattern of Pu.1 regulation from those described in other hematopoie

202 The thermal stability and porosity of Pu-UiO-66 were experimentally determined, and multifacet

203 ing either for selective preconcentration of Pu from an aqueous matrix or for bulk removal of actinid

204 ment, removal of matrix, preconcentration of Pu, and loading on a rhenium filament for TIMS analysis.

205 ition has been applied for quantification of Pu in a soil sample.

206 difficult to apply to the quantification of Pu(IV) unless the nitric acid concentration is known and

207 at allows for the accurate quantification of Pu(IV) without a priori knowledge of nitric acid concent

208 ning HDEHP exhibited significant recovery of Pu.

209 hemical water splitting enables reduction of Pu(IV) to more soluble Pu(III), which then re-oxidizes y

210 ethite surface, confirming that reduction of Pu(V) had occurred on the mineral surface and that epita

211 rvation suggests time-dependent reduction of Pu(V) to Pu(IV).

212 ontrolling expression and down-regulation of Pu.1 during early erythropoiesis have not been defined.

213 s M2 polarization, in part via regulation of Pu.1/Spi1 and Stat6.

214 ulatory Element (URE) as major regulators of Pu.1 expression in Burst-Forming Unit erythrocytes (BFUe

215 exchange functionality for the separation of Pu.

216 ions, indicating an inner-sphere sorption of Pu on OPA components.

217 ial distribution and molecular speciation of Pu within OPA after diffusion and sorption processes.

218 Ultimately, the synthesis of Pu-UiO-66 demonstrates adept control of Pu(IV) coordinat

219 IEF colloid) and coincided with the trend of Pu concentration; thus, we propose that these nitrogen a

220 DEHP loading in the film increased uptake of Pu by an order of magnitude.

221 shell, which we show to drive the volume of Pu in opposing directions, depending on the temperature

222 ntional solution loading technique, offering Pu analysis from a single Re filament, that served as bo

223 OM will tend to have a stabilizing effect on Pu migration under SRS vadose zone field conditions.

224 293T cells and allows induction of Cebpa or Pu.1 mRNAs in 32Dcl3 myeloid cells, whereas mutation of

225 ration than previous studies using Pu(IV) or Pu(III) sources.

226 Ectopic expression of Runx1 or Pu.1, both of which bind the URE, prevents Pu.1 down-reg

227 but, in negative ion mode, no TBP, U-TBP, or Pu-TBP complexes were observed.

228 Analyzing mixtures of U or Pu with TBP and DBP yielded the formation of ternary com

229 signal with and without complexation to U or Pu, but, in negative ion mode, no TBP, U-TBP, or Pu-TBP

230 ical/chemical transformation of the original Pu materials dispersed in the semiarid environment at Ma

231 ition, and (iii) measured Eh and pH, overall Pu uptake was well-predicted.

232 s and metallacyclocumulenes of actinides (Pa-Pu) that makes them distinct from their corresponding Gr

233 en previously shown to accumulate plutonium (Pu) in a colloidal subfraction and is hypothesized to co

234 nuclear weapons debris including plutonium (Pu), the legacy of which is a long-lasting source of rad

235 Approximately 2.8 t of plutonium (Pu) has been deposited in the Nevada National Security S

236 Assessing the bioavailability of plutonium (Pu) helps to predict its toxic effects on aquatic biota.

237 acid (FA), and humic acid (HA) on plutonium (Pu) sorption to goethite was studied as a function of or

238 The synthetic precursor Pu(III)Cp''3 is also reported, comprising the first stru

239 x 10(-8) M Pu(IV) solution to predominantly Pu(VI) with some Pu(V) present.

240 s Pu was found to be stable as predominately Pu(V) for greater than one month from pH 3-7; however, a

241 is method provides a fast means of preparing Pu(V) solutions for tracer concentration studies without

242 r Pu.1, both of which bind the URE, prevents Pu.1 down-regulation and blocks terminal erythroid diffe

243 erformed to evaluate uptake from a primarily Pu(V) solution where it was observed that doubling the H

244 of this compound are benchmarked by the pure Pu(III) and Pu(IV) dipicolinate complexes, [Pu(III)(DPA)

245 ey role in the immobilization of the reduced Pu.

246 t the URE, and Pu.1 itself directly regulate Pu.1 levels in erythroid cells, and loss of both factors

247 ll types such as T cells which down-regulate Pu.1 through active repression.

248 omatic compounds may also impart significant Pu chelation character to the colloid.

249 The results indicate that in simple Pu-NOM-goethite ternary batch systems, NOM will decrease

250 Six Pu oxidation states have been unambiguously confirmed (0

251 documented a reduction of the highly soluble Pu(V,VI) to the less mobile Pu(IV) within the argillaceo

252 enables reduction of Pu(IV) to more soluble Pu(III), which then re-oxidizes yielding Pu(IV) colloid.

253 ) solution to predominantly Pu(VI) with some Pu(V) present.

254 In general, hydrolytic and sonochemical Pu colloids can be described as core-shell nanoparticles

255 g rate and the high efficiency for stripping Pu(IV), through the complexation-reduction mechanism, is

256 Low sorption of ligands coupled with strong Pu complexation decreased Pu sorption at pH 5 and 7, rel

257 ot appear to facilitate formation of ternary Pu-DFOB-goethite complexes.

258 how that Pu(V) is a more mobile species than Pu(IV).

259 tch laboratory experiments demonstrated that Pu(V) is reduced by the lysimeter soil in the order of h

260 ar Pu sorption isotherms, demonstrating that Pu sorption to goethite is not concentration-dependent a

261 trations of 10(-8) - 10(-6) M indicated that Pu surface and/or bulk precipitation was likely responsi

262 d 2-week sampling time points indicated that Pu(V) is rapidly reduced to Pu(IV) on the goethite surfa

263 Results show that Pu complexes with NOM (mainly fulvic acid) are somewhat

264 These results show that Pu(V) is a more mobile species than Pu(IV).

265 er our experimental conditions, showing that Pu(IV) reduction to Pu(III) occurred in the illite suspe

266 These data suggest that Pu concentrations above the drinking water Maximum Conta

267 Further, it suggested that Pu surface redox transformations are sufficiently rapid

268 The Pu isotopic ratio was consistent across the sample but (

269 The Pu-enriched fraction was extracted and purified through

270 rates for the 140 degrees C colloids and the Pu-montmorillonite colloids were similar while the desor

271 the actions of Runx1 and Pu.1 itself at the Pu.1 gene Upstream Regulatory Element (URE) as major reg

272 Over several days, the Pu(VI) in the solution reduced to Pu(V) without further

273 The mu(e) of the Pu oxidation states +III to +VI have been measured.

274 study, we identify the chemical form of the Pu remaining in the local soils at the Taranaki site, on

275 After collapse of the Pu'u 'O'o vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift.

276 5.0 earthquake heralded the collapse of the Pu'u O'o Vent on the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kila

277 OM appeared to both enhance reduction of the Pu(V) source as well as Pu sorption to soils.

278 on a collected Pu particle indicate that the Pu in the particle originated in the so-called "Minor tr

279 eveal direct spectroscopic evidence that the Pu legacy remaining at the site exists as particulates o

280 scopy and DFT calculations indicate that the Pu(2+) ion has predominantly a 5f(6) electron configurat

281 icle forms a "core-shell" structure with the Pu(IV) oxyhydroxide core surrounded by an external layer

282 These Pu(V) sources exhibited significantly greater migration

283 Most of this Pu is sequestered in nuclear melt glass.

284 nsensitive Eu(III) as a chemical analogue to Pu(III)), (ii) the known constant for Pu(III)-Pu(IV) red

285 conversion without substantial conversion to Pu(IV).

286 tion, the An-C distance increases from Pa to Pu.

287 s indicated that Pu(V) is rapidly reduced to Pu(IV) on the goethite surface.

288 days, the Pu(VI) in the solution reduced to Pu(V) without further reducing to Pu(IV).

289 reduced to Pu(V) without further reducing to Pu(IV).

290 conditions, showing that Pu(IV) reduction to Pu(III) occurred in the illite suspension.

291 and 7; speciation models attributed this to Pu(IV) hydrolysis competing with ligand complexation, in

292 uggests time-dependent reduction of Pu(V) to Pu(IV).

293 The reduction from Pu(VI) to Pu(V) could be accelerated by raising the pH of the solu

294 ranes have been found to be selective toward Pu(4+) ions at higher HNO3 concentration compared to Am(

295 nuclear fuel (SNF) constituents including U, Pu, dibutyl phosphate (DBP), and tributyl phosphate (TBP

296 The trend in the mu(e) for the actinides U-Pu was found to be An(III) > An(VI) > An(V) > An(IV).

297 An optimized method is described for U/Pu separation and subsequent measurement of the amount c

298 reater migration than previous studies using Pu(IV) or Pu(III) sources.

299 lization of 5f electrons in the mixed-valent Pu(III)/Pu(IV) solid-state compound, Pu3(DPA)5(H2O)2 (DP

300 termination of the production age of various Pu materials (Pu powder, cardiac pacemaker battery, (242

301 he isolation and concentration of waterborne Pu for direct spectroscopic analyses.

302 e abundant in the purified subfraction where Pu had been observed than in the crude soil fractions wh

303 sly observed for Pu(IV) sorption occurs with Pu(V) as well.

304 ble Pu(III), which then re-oxidizes yielding Pu(IV) colloid.