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1                                              S. meliloti also produces sulfated cell surface polysacc
2                                              S. meliloti ExpR activates transcription of genes involv
3                                              S. meliloti has three quorum-sensing systems (Sin, Tra,
4                                              S. meliloti Hfq is involved in controlling the populatio
5                                              S. meliloti lpsB complements a mutant of R. leguminosaru
6                                              S. meliloti MsbA2 is required for the invasion of nodule
7                                              S. meliloti Nod factor is a lipochitooligosaccharide tha
8                                              S. meliloti nodulation factor treatments of MtROP9i led
9                                              S. meliloti NRG185 produces oligosaccharides that are al
10                                              S. meliloti produces Nod factor, which elicits the forma
11                                              S. meliloti requires exogenous CO(2) for growth and may
12                                              S. meliloti rpoA encodes a 336-amino-acid, 37-kDa protei
13                                              S. meliloti strains lacking functional rns1 are able to
14                                              S. meliloti synthesizes an unusual sulfate-modified form
15                                              S. meliloti unable to produce the exopolysaccharide succ
16                                              S. meliloti wild-type strain Rm1021 requires production
17                                              S. meliloti, a symbiont of leguminous plants, synthesize
18 hia coli BL21 (DE3) engineered to express 11 S. meliloti nod genes.
19                          Only 28% of the 462 S. meliloti cell cycle-regulated genes were also transcr
20                                 In addition, S. meliloti cells constitutively producing Nod factors w
21 ation of NCR247 lowered its activity against S. meliloti.
22 and exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. meliloti.
23 ns influenced the activity of NCR247 against S. meliloti.
24                                           An S. meliloti relA mutant which cannot produce ppGpp was p
25                              In addition, an S. meliloti lpsB mutant that is defective at a stage in
26             We have previously identified an S. meliloti Tn5 insertion mutant, S9, which is specifica
27                    We recently identified an S. meliloti two-component sensory histidine kinase, CbrA
28                            Our studies of an S. meliloti loss-of-function hfq mutant have revealed th
29              Through detailed analysis of an S. meliloti mutant incapable of producing ppGpp, we show
30 sistent with the functional expression of an S. meliloti phosphoglycerol transferase gene.
31 es (amplified by inverse PCR) as a probe, an S. meliloti genomic library was screened, and two overla
32 haracterizing Ca L. asiaticus regulators, an S. meliloti host can be used for preliminary identificat
33 d to compatibility; most importantly, (v) an S. meliloti Rm41 derivative, carrying exo genes from an
34 nor novel lipid of R. leguminosarum 3841 and S. meliloti.
35 s is a close relative of both B. abortus and S. meliloti, and this bacterium is the causative agent o
36 e demonstrate that the YbeY from E. coli and S. meliloti can reciprocally complement the rRNA process
37 onal activation in both R. leguminosarum and S. meliloti.
38 the genomic and structural levels, PhiM9 and S. meliloti phage PhiM12 have a small number of open rea
39 of structure-related genes in both PhiM9 and S. meliloti-infecting T4 superfamily phage PhiM12, which
40 n when B. japonicum produced the appropriate S. meliloti Nod factor.
41 eobacteria with similar ecological niches as S. meliloti, suggesting that the CtrA cell cycle regulat
42 tions involve ecotype-strain specificity, as S. meliloti Rm41 and NRG247 are Fix+ (compatible) on M.
43 noglycan oligosaccharide populations between S. meliloti strains; (iv) the structural nature of the s
44 n the establishment of the symbiosis between S. meliloti and its host Medicago sativa.
45                            Symbiosis between S. meliloti and its plant host alfalfa is dependent on b
46 pment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between S. meliloti and its plant hosts.
47 be crucial for the chronic infection of both S. meliloti and B. abortus.
48  biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by S. meliloti.
49      In addition, MtFNSII-2 was inducible by S. meliloti and methyl jasmonate treatment, whereas MtFN
50                       Symbiotic infection by S. meliloti requires an osmosensory two-component system
51                   Alfalfa nodule invasion by S. meliloti can be mediated by any one of three symbioti
52 st one of two exopolysaccharides produced by S. meliloti (succinoglycan or EPS II) is required for no
53 forms of certain polysaccharides produced by S. meliloti are crucial for establishing this symbiosis.
54        Interestingly, the EPS II produced by S. meliloti in low-phosphate conditions does not allow t
55 it, whereas the oligosaccharides produced by S. meliloti Rm41 include many nonsuccinylated subunits,
56 biotically active polysaccharide produced by S. meliloti wild-type strain Rm1021 is succinoglycan.
57 the second major EPS known to be produced by S. meliloti, but typically is expressed only under condi
58 rmine which exopolysaccharide is produced by S. meliloti.
59 e for root hair infection of ecotype R108 by S. meliloti nodF nodL mutant producing modified NFs.
60 sport suggests that substrates recognized by S. meliloti DctA must have appropriately spaced carbonyl
61 e nodulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by S. meliloti.
62  invasion process requires the synthesis, by S. meliloti, of at least one of the two symbiotically im
63 l stages during invasion of M. truncatula by S. meliloti.
64 oteobacterial pathogens and might be used by S. meliloti to sense host cues during infection.
65               Within specialized host cells, S. meliloti differentiates into highly polyploid, enlarg
66 f understanding of the physiological changes S. meliloti cells go through during the early stages of
67 ated this by constructing and characterizing S. meliloti mutants in the lpxXL and acpXL genes, which
68            After inoculation with compatible S. meliloti, LYK3:GFP puncta are relatively stable.
69 osely related species are able to complement S. meliloti fcrX function.
70 ting for the inability of lpcC to complement S. meliloti lpsB mutants.
71 custom Affymetrix GeneChip with the complete S. meliloti genome and approximately 10,000 probe sets f
72 wo new avenues for understanding the complex S. meliloti-alfalfa interactions which occur during symb
73                          We have constructed S. meliloti mutants that lack HPrK or that lack key amin
74 zobium meliloti or to the invasion defective S. meliloti mutant, exoA.
75  in trans rescue with a Nod factor-deficient S. meliloti mutant.
76 ant to wild-type and succinoglycan-deficient S. meliloti at the early time point of 3 days postinocul
77 tula inoculated with succinoglycan-deficient S. meliloti more strongly express an unexpectedly large
78         We show that, when starved, dividing S. meliloti bet hedge by forming two daughter cells with
79 t intracellular regulatory pathways to drive S. meliloti endoreduplication and differentiation during
80 zed by R. leguminosarum bv viciae expressing S. meliloti nod genes, but the plants were yellow and se
81 ithout the small 83 amino acid protein FeuN, S. meliloti cells are unable to grow, and this phenotype
82 mutants in a genetic screen designed to find S. meliloti mutants that had abnormal succinate-mediated
83 d lipid A is important, but not crucial, for S. meliloti chronic infection and that BacA must have an
84 ght microscopy after staining with X-Gal for S. meliloti expressing a constitutive GUS gene, by confo
85 the SMc01113 gene is absolutely required for S. meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa and also for the prot
86 ich we refer to here as the mel system, for "S. meliloti."
87         ExoR(c20) was isolated directly from S. meliloti periplasm to identify its N-terminal amino a
88 ion and characterization of a ctrA gene from S. meliloti.
89 vitro, we reconstituted RNAP holoenzyme from S. meliloti alpha and E. coli beta, beta', and sigma sub
90 inguishable from those of NodD isolated from S. meliloti.
91 ts capable of distinguishing S. medicae from S. meliloti.
92                          AcpXL purified from S. meliloti expressing pSSB-1 is fully acylated, mainly
93 ned similar results using purified RNAP from S. meliloti.
94 nce responses, and other functions that give S. meliloti an advantage in its specialized niche.
95 important implications for understanding how S. meliloti polysaccharides are functioning in the plant
96                                           In S. meliloti, exoR and the exoS-chvI two-component system
97                                           In S. meliloti, ExoS/ChvI is a key regulator of gene expres
98 ribute to the release of free fatty acids in S. meliloti, neither one can use phospholipids as substr
99  encodes an LPS sulfotransferase activity in S. meliloti.
100 -mediated regulation of stress adaptation in S. meliloti.
101 opriate GalA donor substrate is available in S. meliloti membranes.
102 cycle-dependent regulons of CtrA and DnaA in S. meliloti and C. crescentus.
103 they do not stimulate nod gene expression in S. meliloti, the flavonoids naringenin, eriodictyol, and
104 t LPS might not have a symbiotic function in S. meliloti.
105 duction of RF for intracellular functions in S. meliloti.
106            ctrA is also an essential gene in S. meliloti, and it is expressed similarly to the autore
107 oxes from other phosphate-regulated genes in S. meliloti and to the consensus PHO box in Escherichia
108  for the regulation of core glycosylation in S. meliloti and other bacteria containing LpcC orthologs
109                                  However, in S. meliloti, free-living cells of the cpdR1-null mutant
110                          Deletion of hprK in S. meliloti enhanced catabolite repression caused by suc
111 tional LPS sulfotransferase activity(ies) in S. meliloti that can compensate for the loss of LpsS.
112 enzymology and genetics of PHB metabolism in S. meliloti have been well characterized, phasins have n
113 ich quorum sensing downregulates motility in S. meliloti.
114 ng of the mechanisms that govern motility in S. meliloti.
115 rmined the nature of the expR101 mutation in S. meliloti.
116 s of R. leguminosarum and R. etli but not in S. meliloti or Escherichia coli.
117 ent open reading frames, podJ1 and podJ2, in S. meliloti.
118 e of three quorum sensing systems present in S. meliloti, controls the production of the symbioticall
119 hat has not been characterized previously in S. meliloti.
120 FixJ binds to the nifA and fixK promoters in S. meliloti and induces expression of the corresponding
121  propose that frequency-modulated pulsing in S. meliloti represents the molecular mechanism for a col
122 e involved in more than carbon regulation in S. meliloti and suggest that the phenotypes observed occ
123 ps, including Brucella; however, its role in S. meliloti has not been investigated.
124 lain the requirements for RpoH1 and RpoH2 in S. meliloti and that there must be other crucial targets
125 another possible quorum sensing system(s) in S. meliloti.
126 iple glycosyl transferase activities seen in S. meliloti 2011 membranes.
127 w that the ExpR/Sin quorum-sensing system in S. meliloti is involved in the regulation of genes respo
128                    Our data indicate that in S. meliloti, and possibly in other Rhizobiaceae species,
129 o facilitate our studies of transcription in S. meliloti, we cloned and characterized the gene for th
130 ays an important role in manganese uptake in S. meliloti.
131 erated selection procedure, four independent S. meliloti dctA mutants were isolated that retained som
132                                 The inferred S. meliloti RpoH promoter consensus sequences share feat
133                      Transfer of pMJK-1 into S. meliloti 1021 results in heterologous expression of 1
134 entified in this manner and transferred into S. meliloti, in which they also directed the expression
135      Using green fluorescent protein-labeled S. meliloti cells, we have shown that there are signific
136 eliloti engages in a symbiosis with legumes: S. meliloti elicits the formation of plant root nodules
137 m the recently characterized cyanophage-like S. meliloti phages of the PhiM12 group.
138  and lsrB genes are expressed in free-living S. meliloti cells, but they are not required for cell gr
139          Expression profiling of free-living S. meliloti grown with the plant signal molecule luteoli
140                      Analysis of free-living S. meliloti strains with mutations in genes related to n
141 s in LPS structure can affect the ability of S. meliloti to form an effective symbiosis.
142  to play an important role in the ability of S. meliloti to successfully invade its host, also helps
143 NodD, we assayed the DNA binding activity of S. meliloti NodD1 treated with the flavonoid inducer lut
144  cell growth that enabled global analysis of S. meliloti cell cycle-regulated gene expression.
145  germinating seeds, we assayed chemotaxis of S. meliloti towards betonicine, choline, glycine betaine
146                              Coexpression of S. meliloti aqpS and arsC in a strain of E. coli lacking
147  of two cpdR homologues, cpdR1 and cpdR2, of S. meliloti that encode single-domain response regulator
148                               Derivatives of S. meliloti strain Rm1021 carrying an lpsB mutation are
149   To study the coordinate differentiation of S. meliloti and its legume partner during nodule develop
150                             Our discovery of S. meliloti chemotaxis to plant-derived QACs adds anothe
151 lay a greater role in the overall fitness of S. meliloti both during the free-living stage and in its
152 ct on the lipid A in the free-living form of S. meliloti, is essential for the chronic infection.
153 sure liquid chromatographic fractionation of S. meliloti culture filtrate extracts revealed at least
154 entify peptidase genes in the core genome of S. meliloti that modulate symbiotic outcome in a manner
155                      Searching the genome of S. meliloti, we identified a potential lysophospholipase
156 ystem (PTS) have been found in the genome of S. meliloti.
157                                    Growth of S. meliloti is modelled in three ecological niches (bulk
158 ay an important role in supporting growth of S. meliloti near germinating seeds of alfalfa.
159 h 7, 4'-dihydroxyflavone, a major inducer of S. meliloti nod genes, completely restored nodulation.
160 ever, luteolin, the plant-derived inducer of S. meliloti's nod genes, is not required for mature biof
161 ave previously shown that the sinRI locus of S. meliloti encodes a quorum-sensing system that plays a
162                          This novel locus of S. meliloti is designated the cgm (cyclic glucan modific
163                                   Mapping of S. meliloti mutations conferring resistance to PhiM12, N
164                     The lipid A molecules of S. meliloti and B. abortus are unusually modified with a
165 system also seems to regulate a multitude of S. meliloti genes, including genes that participate in l
166               A SMc01003-deficient mutant of S. meliloti transiently accumulates diacylglycerol, sugg
167 er classes of K-antigen-defective mutants of S. meliloti AK631 exhibit unique patterns of sensitiviti
168 ysaccharides is unclear, although mutants of S. meliloti with reduced LPS sulfation exhibit symbiotic
169 homology (39% amino acid identity) to Pcs of S. meliloti.
170  that ExoR binds to ExoS in the periplasm of S. meliloti to inhibit ExoS/ChvI activity, and that ExoR
171  and ChvI, and localizes to the periplasm of S. meliloti.
172 nodulation or nitrogen fixation phenotype of S. meliloti.
173 tudied the symbiotic infection phenotypes of S. meliloti mutants deficient in succinoglycan productio
174 fact, enhances the symbiotic productivity of S. meliloti 1021 with the host plant Medicago truncatula
175 f K antigen and the symbiotic proficiency of S. meliloti AK631.
176 is of the whole-genome expression profile of S. meliloti reveals that the ExpR/Sin quorum-sensing sys
177 document complex transcriptional profiles of S. meliloti in different environments.
178 s system in which to study the regulation of S. meliloti genes could provide an important tool for ou
179 erize the global transcriptional response of S. meliloti rpoH1, rpoH2, and rpoH1 rpoH2 mutants during
180  genomic library and discovered a segment of S. meliloti DNA which allows Ralstonia eutropha to grow
181          We utilized the genomic sequence of S. meliloti to identify an open reading frame, SMc04267
182 n the bacteria expressed the complete set of S. meliloti nod genes.
183 ith both free-living and symbiotic states of S. meliloti.
184 different species of rhizobia in a strain of S. meliloti lacking endogenous NodD activity.
185    This phylogenetic and structural study of S. meliloti-infecting T4 superfamily phage PhiM9 provide
186 n total lipids from R. leguminosarum 3841 or S. meliloti 1021 were added.
187                                In planktonic S. meliloti, MucR properly coordinates a diverse set of
188                         On wild-type plants, S. meliloti strains producing no succinoglycan or only u
189                                The predicted S. meliloti cell cycle regulon of CtrA, but not that of
190 acterial BacA protein is critical to prevent S. meliloti from being hypersensitive toward NCR AMPs.
191 leguminosarum bv viciae strain that produced S. meliloti Nod factor.
192 ated with wild-type, succinoglycan-producing S. meliloti more strongly express genes encoding transla
193  determined that BacA specifically protected S. meliloti against oxidized NCR247.
194 tand the role of aqpS in arsenic resistance, S. meliloti aqpS and arsC were disrupted individually.
195 ound that protein exudation in the M. sativa-S. meliloti interaction caused an increase in the secret
196 pproximately 50% of the nearly 250 sequenced S. meliloti strains but not found in over 60 sequenced s
197 rs were identified in the recently sequenced S. meliloti genome.
198 t and the physiology of the free-living soil S. meliloti before and during the establishment of nodul
199   Therefore, like E. coli and other species, S. meliloti requires only one groEL gene for viability,
200  3841 genomic DNA library in the host strain S. meliloti 1021.
201 itionally, during early stages of symbiosis, S. meliloti is presented with an oxidative burst that mu
202                           In this symbiosis, S. meliloti undergoes a drastic cellular change leading
203                    We leveraged synchronized S. meliloti populations to determine how treatment with
204                 Our results demonstrate that S. meliloti alpha functions are conserved in heterologou
205 mutation in E. coli rpoA, demonstrating that S. meliloti alpha supports RNAP assembly, sequence-speci
206              It was previously reported that S. meliloti cell surface polysaccharides are also covale
207                                 We show that S. meliloti CpdR1 has a polar localization pattern and a
208              Previous studies had shown that S. meliloti 1021 mutants that produce increased levels o
209  the properties of agl mutants suggests that S. meliloti possesses at least one additional alpha-gluc
210                                          The S. meliloti bluB mutant is unable to grow in minimal med
211                                          The S. meliloti cpdR1-null mutant can invade the host cytopl
212                                          The S. meliloti genome encodes 14 of these alternative sigma
213                                          The S. meliloti gltA gene was mutated by inserting a kanamyc
214                                          The S. meliloti iolA (mmsA) gene product seems to be involve
215                                          The S. meliloti ML beta-glucan participates in bacterial agg
216                               Since both the S. meliloti and B. abortus bacA mutants have an increase
217                     As in C. crescentus, the S. meliloti PodJ1 protein appears to act as a polarity b
218 ffect on transcriptional activation from the S. meliloti dctA promoter in vitro.
219 e-16S rRNA precursor that accumulates in the S. meliloti DeltaybeY strain.
220 suggest that events demonstrated here in the S. meliloti-alfalfa association may be widely important
221 suggest that AqpS is the only protein of the S. meliloti ars operon that facilitates transport of ars
222 tic approach, we identified a homolog of the S. meliloti carbohydrate sulfotransferase, LpsS, in Meso
223  mechanisms governing the alterations of the S. meliloti cell cycle in planta are largely unknown.
224 molecule also inhibits the expression of the S. meliloti exp genes, responsible for the production of
225 due entirely to LpsB, since membranes of the S. meliloti lpsB mutant 6963 do not glycosylate Kdo(2)-[
226 d mass spectrometry, and the analysis of the S. meliloti NRG247 oligosaccharides showed that this str
227                   To achieve polyploidy, the S. meliloti cell cycle program must be altered to uncoup
228 iporter], and arsC (arsenate reductase), the S. meliloti ars operon includes an aquaglyceroporin (aqp
229                However, our finding that the S. meliloti bacA mutant also has an increased sensitivit
230                             We show that the S. meliloti CtrA belongs to the CtrA-like family of resp
231   The results of this study suggest that the S. meliloti Lon protease is important for controlling tu
232              These results indicate that the S. meliloti stringent response has roles in both succino
233 ur studies indicate that, in contrast to the S. meliloti-Medicago model symbiosis, bacteroids in the
234                                        These S. meliloti mutants induced a more severe infection phen
235                             Any one of three S. meliloti polysaccharides, succinoglycan, EPS II, or K
236      Moreover, adding Nod Factor antibody to S. meliloti cells inhibits biofilm formation, while chit
237                                  Contrary to S. meliloti, S. fredii HH103 showed little or no sensiti
238        This pathway is likely not limited to S. meliloti as suggested by the presence of homologous g
239 lates this type of specificity pertaining to S. meliloti strain Rm41.
240    In pathogenic bacteria closely related to S. meliloti, exoS-chvI homologues are required for virul
241 hibits a reduced transcriptional response to S. meliloti, indicating that the machinery responsible f
242  nsp2) showed no transcriptional response to S. meliloti, suggesting that the encoded proteins are re
243 bination with the use of flavone pre-treated S. meliloti cells, completely restored nodulation in fla
244         This report shows that M. truncatula-S. meliloti interactions involve ecotype-strain specific
245  of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) in two S. meliloti strains, Rm1021 and Rm41.
246 rimeric oligosaccharides (STOs) from the two S. meliloti strains were compared by chromatography and
247  nitrogen stress response (NSR) of wild type S. meliloti Rm1021, and isogenic strains missing both PI
248                   Membranes of the wild-type S. meliloti strain 2011 catalyze the glycosylation of Kd
249 oserine lactones (AHLs) by two commonly used S. meliloti strains, AK631 and Rm1021.
250 for their microscopic nodule phenotype using S. meliloti constitutively expressing lacZ.
251                                     In vivo, S. meliloti rpoA expressed in Escherichia coli complemen
252 we discovered that in the absence of VLCFAs, S. meliloti produces novel pentaacylated lipid A species
253  gene sma0113 as needed for strong SMCR when S. meliloti was grown in succinate plus lactose, maltose
254               These results imply that, when S. meliloti is exposed to environmental arsenate, arsena
255 s of flavins destined for secretion, whereas S. meliloti has another enzyme that performs this functi
256 -fold more in this interaction compared with S. meliloti alone.
257 ntly reduced nodulation when inoculated with S. meliloti.
258 ecreted in the incompatible interaction with S. meliloti.
259 aled only R108 forms functional nodules with S. meliloti nodF nodL, and we pinpointed three residues
260 la A17, the Fix phenotypes are reversed with S. meliloti NRG185 and NRG34, and there is a correlation
261 tula A17, and the phenotype is reversed with S. meliloti NRG185.

 
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