ライフサイエンスコーパス: SINE

1 SINE activation is linked to ORF36 kinase activity and c

2 SINE compounds selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-185, leptomyc

3 SINE DNA is heavily methylated and this was thought to s

4 SINE is a class of retrotransposon transcribed by RNA po

5 SINE loci are generally transcriptionally repressed in s

6 SINE treatment resulted in nuclear retention of snail re

7 SINE-deleted cells exhibit an activated unfolded protein

8 SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposons, including their in

9 SINEs (KPT-185, KPT-127, KPT-205, and KPT-227) inhibited

10 SINEs and LINEs, which have been considered "junk DNA",

11 SINEs are associated with gene pair rearrangement, while

12 SINEs are more abundant in GC-rich DNA, but the regional

13 SINEs are retrotransposons that have enjoyed remarkable

14 SINEs, short interspersed repeated DNA elements, undergo

15 infection revealed transcription from 28 270 SINE loci, with approximately 50% of active SINE element

16 b2-1 from Chironomus thummi contains a 444nt SINE (CTRT1).

17 Platy-1, a SINE, appears to have originated from an Alu element, an

18 lyzed at the endogenous RdDM target AtSN1 (a SINE-like retroelement) in suvh2 and suvh9 single as wel

19 ation to temperate climates in Drosophila, a SINE element is associated with the domestication of sma

20 number and structural signals to identify a SINE element.

21 n when one concludes that the existence of a SINE at a specific locus in multiple individuals is indi

22 associated with an antisense insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon within an intro

23 on identified in the remaining proband was a SINE VNTR Alu (SVA) retroposon insertion in intron 1, wh

24 We show that Malat1 with a SINE deletion forms diffuse nuclear speckles and is freq

25 blished that the disease cosegregates with a SINE insertion in exon 4 of the canine STK38L/NDR2 gene.

26 acking SINE binding site) markedly abrogated SINE activity highlighting an XPO1 and FBXL5 mediated me

27 SINE loci, with approximately 50% of active SINE elements residing within annotated RNA Polymerase I

28 thereby identifying transcriptionally active SINE loci.

29 It also suggests that all SINE RNAs may bind a similar set of cellular proteins.

30 romosomal rearrangements between non-allelic SINEs at distinct loci.

31 the left monomer of the primate-specific Alu SINE family via ASR and CAS in conjunction with major pr

32 interspersed repetitive DNA, such as the Alu SINE sequence, appear to have evolved by the serial repl

33 p is applied to other insertions such as Alu SINEs, it will expand the catalog of genomic variants ev

34 Thus, B2/ALU SINEs may be classified as "epigenetic ribozymes" that f

35 The primate-specific Alu SINEs, as well as the more ancient mammalian-wide inters

36 We found Alu (SINE) elements at the breakpoints in the substrates and

37 lement-variable number of tandem repeat-Alu (SINE-VNTR-Alu), subfamily-E retrotransposon (SVA-E) inse

38 e the age distribution closely follows Alus (SINEs).

39 ddition to retrotransposed RNAs [L1, Alu and SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)], L1-RNPs are enriched with cellular

40 The last L1 and SINE insertions date to ~5.3MYA and 4MYA, respectively.

41 nonical GT-AG splice junctions with LINE and SINE elements forming the most RE splice junctions in th

42 u represent the most prolific human LINE and SINE families, respectively.

43 ar share their entire repertoire of LINE and SINE retrotransposons and that Eh_SINE3/Ed_SINE1 origina

44 ication of two novel subfamilies of LINE and SINE retrotransposons in E. dispar and provide evidence

45 vide evidence for how the different LINE and SINE subfamilies evolved in these species.

46 , including Long-Terminal-Repeats (LTRs) and SINE-VNTR-Alus (SVAs), that significantly affect gene ex

47 INE1s (L1s) are active, moving their own and SINE sequences into new genomic locations and occasional

48 e well documented for their role in tRNA and SINE transcription in eukaryotic cells.

49 s which are associated with Alu elements and SINEs (short interspersed elements) and which have been

50 repetitive elements such as Alu elements and SINEs, competition score for forming circulation and RNA

51 LINEs and SINEs are retrotransposons; that is, they transpose via

52 ng body of evidence indicates that LINEs and SINEs function to regulate gene expression by affecting

53 We discuss how LINEs and SINEs have expanded in eukaryotic genomes and contribute

54 g and short interspersed elements (LINEs and SINEs) are retroelements that make up almost half of the

55 ous non-LTR retrotransposons, i.e. LINEs and SINEs, and with few exceptions there is a sole active LI

56 sidered here are group II introns, LINEs and SINEs, whereas the EP elements considered are the Ty and

57 lels the MITEs/DNA-transposase in plants and SINEs/LINEs in mammals.

58 uding CA repeats, non-CA tandem repeats, and SINEs.

59 Applying SINE-seq to monitor murine B2 SINE expression during a g

60 urrently active in the human genome, such as SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) and long interspersed nuclear elemen

61 f its own RNA in cis and other RNAs, such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elem

62 vidual, highly conserved, elements of the B1 SINE family were identified from the GenBank nucleotide

63 Mouse B1 and B2 SINE RNAs stimulate reporter gene expression in mouse ce

64 e polycomb protein EZH2 and RNA made from B2 SINE retrotransposons controls stress-responsive genes i

65 Applying SINE-seq to monitor murine B2 SINE expression during a gammaherpesvirus infection reve

66 We then explored how MHV68 activates B2 SINEs, revealing a role for the conserved herpesviral pr

67 lass of noncoding retrotransposons called B2 SINEs in multiple cell types.

68 The high frequency of bimorphic SINE insertions in the dog population is predicted to pr

69 on appears to have preceded the loss of both SINE and L1 activity rather than to have filled an empty

70 mechanisms during retrotransposition of both SINEs and non-LTR retrotransposons and thus the distinct

71 n and signaling events that are modulated by SINE ncRNAs, particularly during gammaherpesvirus infect

72 t Eh_SINE3/Ed_SINE1 originated as a chimeric SINE from Eh/Ed_SINE2 and Eh_SINE1/Ed_SINE3.

73 mammals, and 80% identical to the coelacanth SINE, contains a 31-amino-acid-residue alternatively spl

74 ive element named after its main components, SINE, VNTR and Alu.

75 ort a very recent transposition of the CTRT1 SINE into one of at least two already diverged ct-13 glo

76 ectively profiles RNA Polymerase III-derived SINE RNA, thereby identifying transcriptionally active S

77 et site preference with previously described SINEs, BoS elements have several unusual features.

78 When different SINE RNAs were substituted for the BC1 ID sequence, the

79 egulate the transcription of three different SINEs (Alu, B2 and ID) by constructing chimeric construc

80 lies, BoS represents one of the most diverse SINE families described to date.

81 on of L1 and the Short Interspersed Element (SINE) Alu.

82 dentified walnut short interspersed element (SINE) and terminal-repeat retrotransposon in miniature (

83 most successful short interspersed element (SINE) in primates and CpG dinucleotides make up about 20

84 e shortest known short interspersed element (SINE) in primates, and harbors features characteristic o

85 ransfer RNAs and short interspersed element (SINE) retrotransposons, indicating that these factors ma

86 nrichment of Alu short interspersed element (SINE) sequences near or within the junction.

87 nd a polymorphic short interspersed element (SINE) were identified.

88 nscribed 0.55 kb short interspersed element (SINE)-like element previously identified as IE or ehapt2

89 petitive short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) analysis in dark-adapted, nondamaged control (dark

90 delete a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) in Malat1, a cancer-associated lncRNA, to investig

91 INE) and short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) insertions in six genes in 95 cultivated and wild

92 tivating short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) transcripts are elevated, whereas SINE-catabolizin

93 t is the short interspersed nuclear element (SINE).

94 e human short interspersed repeated element (SINE), Alu, amplifies through a poorly understood RNA-me

95 known short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) retroposon family that was active in the Sarcopter

96 her short interspersed transposable element (SINE or Alu elements), long terminal repeat (LTR), long

97 hort and long interspersed nuclear elements (SINE and LINE), and the type I IFN pathway in responders

98 in both short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE), but

99 Third, Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINE) are far more enriched for blood traits than for ot

100 otide polymorphisms and repetitive elements (SINE, LINE, etc.) have also been incorporated.

101 Short interspersed DNA elements (SINEs) amplify by retroposition either by (i) successive

102 Short interspersed elements (SINEs) and long interspersed elements (LINEs) are transp

103 Short INterspersed Elements (SINEs) are non-autonomous retrotransposons, usually betw

104 Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are nonautonomous non-LTR retrotransposons that p

105 In contrast, short interspersed elements (SINEs) are preferentially overrepresented in nucleosome-

106 mplification of short interspersed elements (SINEs) for species-specific detection and quantitation o

107 oup of related, short interspersed elements (SINEs) found in primates.

108 ell as B and ID short interspersed elements (SINEs) in mice that undoubtedly influence many developme

109 ominant type of short interspersed elements (SINEs) in the human genome.

110 In addition to short interspersed elements (SINEs) mobilized by L1, we found several families of SIN

111 presentation of short interspersed elements (SINEs) probably linked to hypoxia tolerance, degeneratio

112 ranscribed from short interspersed elements (SINEs), is a transacting transcriptional repressor durin

113 categorized as short interspersed elements (SINEs), long interspersed elements (LINEs), and long ter

114 nts (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs).

115 from the high, copy, short mobile elements (SINEs) interact with proteins to form RNA-protein (RNP)

116 and B1 short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are inactive in a group of South American rodents

117 Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are retrotransposons evolutionarily derived from

118 Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII)-transcribed, ret

119 Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINEs) are transposable elements (TEs) that amplify thro

120 ses of short, interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) B1 and B2, both strands of near-centromeric satel

121 airs of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) sequence than biallelically expressed genes.

122 ow that short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) show cell type-specific expression profiles in th

123 namely short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and t

124 o fewer short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), and

125 Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), such as Alu, spread by retrotransposition, which

126 (LINEs)/short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs).

127 nverted short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs).

128 erse short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) and processed pseudogenes.

129 ding short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) are discussed.

130 some short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs), and of an insertion sequence (InsIpCHSD) found i

131 inct short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs).

132 of short interspersed transposable elements (SINEs) and an intragenic conserved inverted repeat that

133 ck short interspersed transposable elements (SINEs).

134 ion with other types of transposed elements (SINEs, LINEs, LTRs), even unannotated sequence to form p

135 activity is a general property of eucaryotic SINEs.

136 Most eukaryotic SINEs are ancestrally related to tRNA genes, although th

137 During primate evolution, SINE accumulation in imprinted regions occurred at a dec

138 1) by Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds results in reversal of EMT in snail-tran

139 able selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) that irreversibly bind to CRM1 and block the funct

140 Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) bind to CRM-1 to irreversibly inhibit its ability

141 cule selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) were designed that specifically inhibit XPO1.

142 re enriched for LINE repeats, but have fewer SINE, DNA, and simple repeats than the rest of the genom

143 The first SINE element showed high levels of sequence similarity t

144 common 3' sequence with LINEs, and the first SINE-like elements that have been associated with the R4

145 that are depleted of LINE1 and enriched for SINE elements, predicted to impair XIST spreading.

146 We have identified two hot spots for SINE insertion within mys-9 and at each hot spot have fo

147 re depleted of LINE repeats but enriched for SINEs and simple repeats.

148 Genes with upstream regions enriched for SINEs are prone to be reactivated.

149 BRCA1 abrogation was discovered via germline SINE-VNTR-Alu retrotransposition.

150 transactivation potential, and that GROUCHO-SINE OCULIS (SO) interactions provide another mechanism

151 et al. demonstrate that Alu RNA from a human SINE represses RNA polymerase II transcription during he

152 in brain and testis from one locus of the ID SINE family, exists as a discrete RNP complex.

153 Although most similar to the ID SINE, it clearly was not derived from the known ID maste

154 We identified SINEs that inhibit CRM-1 and promote nuclear accumulatio

155 oof-of-concept using this method to identify SINE activation in a context that is relevant for normal

156 More importantly, SINE slows disease progression, and improves overall sur

157 ers (P < 10(-4)) and hypomethylated cDMRs in SINE repeats (P < 10(-100)) was also identified.

158 s are characterized by a sharp inflection in SINE content, demonstrating that this genomic characteri

159 uilibrium and show that they are enriched in SINEs, in simple repeats, and in sequences that are cons

160 6% of the 27kb of Ant2 sequence and included SINEs, LINEs and LTR elements.

161 Moreover, increased SINE RNA expression is a vital response to stress and by

162 sequence proved most efficient in increasing SINE transcription.

163 ach hot spot have found that two independent SINE insertions have occurred at identical sites.

164 how adenosine-to-inosine editing influences SINE function and how ongoing retrotransposition is coun

165 proteins, providing a link between intronic SINEs and protein function.

166 mong the walnut-unique repetitive DNA, Julia SINE and JrTRIM elements represent the first identified

167 mon 3' end with a highly transcribed 0.65 kb SINE-like element called EhLSINE2 in this report.

168 nvestigated the antileukemic activity of KPT-SINE (KPT-185 and KPT-276) in vitro and in vivo in acute

169 reported here support clinical trials of KPT-SINE in AML.

170 In summary, KPT-SINE are highly potent in vitro and in vivo in AML.

171 r transfection with cys528 mut-Xpo1 (lacking SINE binding site) markedly abrogated SINE activity high

172 upported the identification of a full-length SINE, with a consensus sequence notably distinct from ot

173 ntrons of the genes rather than a CTRT1-like SINE.

174 nces including segmental duplications, LINE, SINE, and LTR elements.

175 Retrotransposons, mainly LINEs, SINEs, and endogenous retroviruses, make up roughly 40%

176 region showed an extremely high LINE and low SINE content, low G+C content, and yet a relatively high

177 e criterion of their inducibility, mammalian SINEs behave like regulated cell stress genes.

178 In analogy to mammalian SINEs, the level of the Bm1 transcripts increases in res

179 show that nucleosomes containing methylated SINE and LINE elements and CpG islands are the main site

180 de several lines of evidence that methylated SINE DNA is occupied by RNA polymerase III, including th

181 In contrast to L1-mobilized SINEs, the RTE-mobilized SINEs in Monodelphis appear to

182 ast to L1-mobilized SINEs, the RTE-mobilized SINEs in Monodelphis appear to shift from G+C-rich to G+

183 loverleaf structure is not apparent for most SINE consensus RNAs.

184 elated structural motifs are present in most SINE RNAs from mammals, fishes and plants, suggesting co

185 r the downregulation compared to TCTT motif (SINE) which is a candidate for the upregulation of gene

186 Our study reveals that in mouse, SINE RNAs constitute a novel pathway deregulated in amyl

187 vement disorder caused by a single mutation: SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposon insertion in TAF1.

188 Each new SINE insertion will be located in a new chromosomal envi

189 The computational identification of new SINEs are challenging because of their weak structural s

190 cluding 14 LINE-derived repeats; and a novel SINE element, MER131, that may have been exapted as a hi

191 outperforms the previously published de novo SINE discovery program.

192 Numerous SINE families have been identified in animals, whereas o

193 he mechanisms underlying MHV68 activation of SINE ncRNAs.

194 Analysis of SINE insertion sites from the genomes of nine additional

195 ined introns contain ID elements, a class of SINE retrotransposon.

196 SINE regulation, as well as disregulation of SINE elements associated with disease.

197 We studied the effects of SINE analogs in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines

198 should provide insight into core elements of SINE regulation, as well as disregulation of SINE elemen

199 RNAs, a class of ncRNAs of the B2 family of SINE repeats, mediate through their processing the trans

200 ccount for many of the principal features of SINE transcriptional regulation potentially providing a

201 lation-prone genes have a lower frequency of SINE and LINE retrotransposons near their transcription

202 SINE_Scan integrates hallmark of SINE transposition, copy number and structural signals t

203 The presence of SINE in the promoter 1 (P1) resulted in higher expressio

204 oid toxicity, accelerating the processing of SINE RNAs and gene hyper-activation.

205 zes, due primarily to a continuing series of SINE (short interspersed element) insertions into this l

206 increases the estimation of the abundance of SINEs in these genomes.

207 lation has little effect on accessibility of SINEs to transcription machinery or their expression in

208 This selection could be because of SINEs attracting and spreading methylation, as has been

209 ort proteins; we investigated a new class of SINEs in pancreatic cancer cells.

210 why mouse cells harbor two major classes of SINEs, whereas human cells contain only one.

211 s and provide a basis for the development of SINEs in CLL and related hematologic malignancies.

212 obilized by L1, we found several families of SINEs that appear to use RTE elements for mobilization.

213 se genome consists of five known families of SINEs: B1, B2, B4/RSINE, ID, and MIR.

214 Therefore, this family of SINEs has recently evolved, and since it has thus far be

215 ads to robust activation of the B2 family of SINEs in a cell-autonomous manner.

216 Here we describe a new family of SINEs, named BoS, that is widespread in Brassicaceae and

217 Finally, another family of SINEs, the human ALU element, also produces a self-cleav

218 refore have implications for the mobility of SINEs even if they are incompetent for L1 retrotransposi

219 e for the dispersion and high copy number of SINEs.

220 Previous studies have indicated a paucity of SINEs within the genomes of the guinea pig and nutria, r

221 A recent proliferation of SINEs was also found in the probocidean lineage, whereas

222 The clinical relevance of SINEs was explored in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

223 Pathway analysis on SINE treated HMECs further verified the involvement of a

224 rcussions for phylogenetic analyses based on SINE insertions, indicating the need for caution when on

225 The constraint on SINE accumulation in imprinted regions may be mediated b

226 E in a short interspersed nuclear element or SINE in the CAMP promoter of primates that was absent in

227 ments, but not the truncated Ta1 elements or SINE (Alu) insertions generated by Ta1 activity, were su

228 ealed that removal of either the Alu-like or SINE-R domain in the context of a full-length SVA has li

229 Short interspersed nuclear elements, or SINEs, are an abundant class of retrotransposons that ar

230 erent chromosomal distribution than LINEs or SINEs - preferentially in GC-poor regions.

231 expressed a series of altered BC1, and other SINE-related RNAs, in several cell lines and tested for

232 Two other SINE RNAs, human scAlu RNA and mouse B1 RNA, also bind P

233 In contrast, the non-coding parasitic SINE (Alu) only appears to need the L1 ORF2p for its own

234 , 7 simple tandem repeats, and 2 polymorphic SINE insertions within the genes mapped.

235 _Scan, a highly efficient program to predict SINE elements in genomic DNA sequences.

236 shuffling and the genesis of some primordial SINEs.

237 yltransferase inhibitor selectively promotes SINE expression and occupancy by RNA polymerase III.

238 The EhLSINEs are the first protist SINE-like elements identified that share a common 3' seq

239 nt insertions at the same locus may be rare, SINE insertions are not homoplasy-free phylogenetic mark

240 step model for the evolution of tRNA-related SINEs in eukaryotes.

241 A novel family of tRNA-related SINEs named gecko was discovered in the yellow fever mos

242 e ancient mammalian-wide interspersed repeat SINEs, are found at significantly low densities in impri

243 r the youngest active human retrotransposon, SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA).

244 sequence notably distinct from other rodent SINEs.

245 S1Bn SINE retroposons are two-fold more methylated than the a

246 However, the second SINE element appeared to co-exist with the Mermaid eleme

247 zebrafish Mermaid element, while the second SINE element is not similar to the Mermaid element excep

248 ort interspersed nuclear element sequencing, SINE-seq), which selectively profiles RNA Polymerase III

249 rtially explained by the presence of several SINE and LINE fragments.

250 ncing randomly primed cloned inserts, short (SINE/MER) or long (LINE/ORF2) interspersed repeat-like s

251 cking Dicer, although the production of some SINE- and simple repeat-associated short RNAs appeared t

252 IDL is derived from a hystricognath-specific SINE family.

253 cine, chicken, and ruminant species-specific SINE-based PCR assays, respectively.

254 osure of home-cage mice to a novel stimulus, SINEs are activated in dentate granule neurons in a time

255 Alu elements are the most successful SINEs (Short INterspersed Elements) in primate genomes a

256 han DNA plays a dominant role in suppressing SINE transcription.

257 g the accessibility of chromatin surrounding SINE loci.

258 This modification, which we term SINE (short interspersed repetitive element)-enhanced sh

259 he insertion frequency of repeats other than SINEs correlates strongly positively with the frequency

260 iments and X-ray structures demonstrate that SINE covalently bind to a cysteine residue in the cargo-

261 The present study also illustrates that SINE-based approaches are a powerful tool in primate phy

262 These results support the proposal that SINE RNAs serve a role in the cell stress response that

263 We demonstrate that SINEs are enriched relative to other classes for active

264 These data support the hypothesis that SINEs can influence gene expression by attracting de nov

265 ergence of insects and mammals implying that SINEs are essentially a class of cell stress genes.

266 Evidence is presented that SINEs can restore normal regulation to the majority of t

267 o B1 elements, despite previous reports that SINEs are generally excluded from imprinted promoters.

268 The SINE promotes Malat1 nuclear retention by facilitating M

269 The SINE-based PCR methods we report here are species-specif

270 the ASL-associated retrotransposon, and the SINE-like element, SMalpha.

271 common selective constraints imposed at the SINE RNA structural level.

272 Furthermore, the SINE in P1 acts as an enhancer in contrast with the LINE

273 elements are primate-specific members of the SINE (short interspersed element) retroposon family, whi

274 tentially through direct interactions of the SINE with KHDRBS1 and TRA2A, which bind to HNRNPK.

275 because the ancestral state (absence of the SINE) is known, Alu elements are useful genetic markers

276 ng these RNA-protein interactions due to the SINE deletion likely creates more available TDP-43 bindi

277 ide-long repeat sequences that belong to the SINE family of retrotransposons found abundantly in prim

278 data suggest that PABP may contribute to the SINE retrotransposition process.

279 M16) showed 99.1% sequence identity with the SINE-R.C2 element, which is human-specific.

280 TDP-43 binds stronger to Malat1 without the SINE and is likely 'hijacked' by cytoplasmic Malat1 to t

281 The effects of the SINEs also were investigated in mice with subcutaneous a

282 Here, we review the biology of these SINE ncRNAs, explore how DNA virus infection may lead to

283 E assay to determine which portions of these SINE RNAs contribute to protein binding.

284 A portion of these SINEs confers dendritic targeting to exogenous and endog

285 A substantial proportion of these SINEs harbor a high density of the enhancer-specific his

286 As in other species, these SINEs and TRIM elements could be exploited for developin

287 These results demonstrate that this SINE family continues to contribute to the dynamics of g

288 Though SINE elements have undergone exaptation into gene regula

289 normally silenced in healthy somatic tissue, SINEs can be induced during infection with DNA viruses,

290 tDNA via reverse transcription, analogous to SINE elements in animal cells.

291 tDNA via reverse transcription, analogous to SINE elements in animal cells.

292 utations in the region of CRM-1 that bind to SINEs (Cys-528), or small inhibitor RNA knockdown of PAR

293 to gene regulatory elements, how transcribed SINE RNA impacts transcriptional and post-transcriptiona

294 ones to identify potentially uncharacterized SINEs within the guinea pig genome, and identified numer

295 ent (SINE) transcripts are elevated, whereas SINE-catabolizing DICER1 is reduced, in diabetic cells a

296 play an important role in determining which SINE elements are preferentially active in a genome.

297 cidean lineage, whereas the Afrotherian-wide SINEs in mammoth have undergone a rather flat and stepwi

298 However, correlations with SINEs show the opposite effects.

299 cleosomes preferentially locate within young SINE/LINE transposons, suggesting that when subject to i

300 preference for insertion (monitored in young SINEs) differs between rodents and humans.