ライフサイエンスコーパス: Shigella

1 r T2D, with nominal increases in Escherichia/Shigella.

2 ears) with dysentery or laboratory-confirmed Shigella.

3 haea, and 72 strains of Escherichia coli and Shigella.

4 ria, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Shigella.

5 driven dissemination of the enteric pathogen Shigella.

6 Intestinal pathogens Shigella (36%), Giardia (33%), and Campylobacter (30%) p

7 Cultured Shigella and Campylobacter isolates were frequently resi

8 iagnostic value, and antibiotic treatment of Shigella and dysentery), and meta-analyses where appropr

9 Phylogeny inferred from 336 available Shigella and Escherichia coli genomes defined exclusive

10 Mice are highly resistant to Shigella and the lack of a tractable physiological model

11 coli (enteroaggretative, enteropathogenic), Shigella, and Campylobacter were the most commonly detec

12 c relationships between different species of Shigella, and identified emerging pathoadapted lineages.

13 and an increase in Enterobacter, Escherichia/Shigella, and Pseudomonas in stool after ABX + DS for 10

14 ance in Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Shigella, and Yersinia opportunistic pathogens, the stru

15 d accurately identifying the four species of Shigella are therefore challenging.

16 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and shigella are two major pathogens that cause moderate-to-

17 by a conserved gatekeeper protein, MxiC, in Shigella As its molecular mechanism of action is still p

18 hogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia, and Shigella, as well as ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like cross-reac

19 aimed to systematically review and evaluate Shigella-associated and dysentery-associated mortality,

20 nfection might miss an opportunity to reduce Shigella-associated morbidity and mortality.

21 he Congo had the highest ETEC-associated and shigella-associated mortality and stunting rates.

22 eneity was reported for meta-analyses of the Shigella-associated mortality studies (I(2)=78.3%) and d

23 bundances of Pseudobutyrivibrio, Escherichia/Shigella, Blautia, and Streptococcus, while relative abu

24 oing public health threat posed by resistant Shigella, both in Australia and globally.

25 7:H7 and non-O157 EHEC strains as well as in Shigella boydii Furthermore, a truncated version of EspW

26 Shigella boydii was the most heat resistant pathogen tes

27 with increases in Bilophila and Escherichia/Shigella but a decrease in Faecalibacterium.

28 ntly increased the abundances of Escherichia/Shigella, Butyricicoccus, and Clostridium XlVa, while si

29 rt that HD5 greatly promoted phagocytosis of Shigella by macrophages by targeting the bacteria to enh

30 or each of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, norovirus GII,

31 Shigella can be differentiated from E. coli and accurate

32 Members of the genus Shigella carry a large plasmid, pINV, which is essential

33 Bacteria of the genus Shigella cause shigellosis, a severe gastrointestinal di

34 c bacterium and intracellular human pathogen Shigella causes hundreds of millions of cases of the dia

35 Shigella causes morbidity and mortality worldwide, prima

36 The Shigella CHIM has been established in 3 sites in the Uni

37 The Shigella CHIM is currently being conducted at 3 sites in

38 ember 2017, an expert working group reviewed Shigella CHIM studies performed to date and developed co

39 2 February 2018 to review clinical data from Shigella CHIM studies performed to date and to develop a

40 s as a uniform procedure by which to conduct Shigella CHIM studies.

41 In November 2017, a Shigella CHIM workshop was convened in Washington, Distr

42 trovirus (cHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.81), and Shigella (cHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.95).

43 inhibited nor enhanced phagosomal escape of Shigella Collectively, these findings confirm a potentia

44 While many aspects of Shigella colonic cell invasion are known, crucial gaps i

45 hia coli genomes defined exclusive clades of Shigella; conserved genomic markers that can identify ea

46 The Shigella controlled human infection model (CHIM) is valu

47 ETEC deaths and 63 100 (44 000-81 900) total shigella deaths in 2015.

48 Furthermore, Shigella-dependent replication of Bdellovibrio was captu

49 illion (95% UI 135-269) episodes of ETEC and shigella diarrhoea occur annually, resulting in 3.5 mill

50 NA thermometer within the ompA transcript of Shigella dysenteriae First identified by in silico struc

51 A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysenter

52 Here, we found that the Shigella effector protein IpaJ potently inhibits STING s

53 hest for inpatient norovirus, rotavirus, and Shigella/EIEC cases.

54 ies (20.9%), Salmonella species (12.4%), and Shigella/EIEC species (12.4%).

55 e cultures for Campylobacter, Salmonella, or Shigella entero-pathogens in traditional culturing metho

56 chia coli (AF, 18.4% [95% CI, 12.9%-21.9%]), Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (AF, 14.5% [95% CI, 10.2

57 coli (in 18.0% and 8.3%, respectively), and Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (in 15.8% and 5.7%, resp

58 cing E. coli (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.33), Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.10,

59 ated children, followed by adenovirus 40/41, Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, norovirus GII,

60 a, the major virulence factor of the strain, Shigella enterotoxin 1, H4 flagellin, and O104 lipopolys

61 ination with bacterial genetics explains how Shigella evades a broad spectrum of immune surveillance

62 This ubiquitin coating of Shigella favors the pathogen as it liberates bacteria fr

63 olysaccharide of the Gram-negative bacterium Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) as a first step of bacte

64 ed: a Shigellasonnei lineage (n = 159) and a Shigella flexneri 2a lineage (n = 105).

65 ducted at 3 sites in the United States using Shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457T and Shigella sonnei st

66 g unit from the O-specific polysaccharide of Shigella flexneri 2a, a major cause of bacillary dysente

67 regative and uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri 2a, and the hybrid enteroaggregative/S

68 re observed for the NleE homologue OspZ from Shigella flexneri 6 that also bound TAB3 through the (49

69 ected the transcriptional immune response to Shigella flexneri across different infection stages in b

70 Intracellular pathogens such as Shigella flexneri and Listeria monocytogenes achieve dis

71 e leading cause of bacterial dysentery, with Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei accounting for aro

72 ing anthrax lethal toxin, Toxoplasma gondii, Shigella flexneri and the small molecule DPP8/9 inhibito

73 of the cytoplasmic regions of the vT3SSs of Shigella flexneri and the vT3SS and fT3SS of Salmonella

74 Using Shigella flexneri as a model, we have previously demonst

75 e of human diarrheal disease worldwide, with Shigella flexneri being the most frequently isolated spe

76 Infection of eukaryotic cells by Shigella flexneri boosts oxygen consumption and promotes

77 Shigella flexneri can be phenotypically serotyped using

78 The bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri causes 270 million cases of bacillary

79 The tip complex of Shigella flexneri contains invasion plasmid antigen D (I

80 The deamidase OspI from enteric bacteria Shigella flexneri deamidates a glutamine residue in the

81 contrast, the professional cytosol-dwelling Shigella flexneri escapes from LUBAC-mediated restrictio

82 ield showing that Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri have evolved pathogen-specific mechani

83 y of guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) coats Shigella flexneri in a hierarchical manner reliant on GB

84 els of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri infection, WASp deficiency causes defe

85 The resolution of Shigella flexneri infection-associated hyperinflammation

86 matory responses toward Leishmania major and Shigella flexneri infection.

87 plasma phagocytophilum alter host autophagy, Shigella flexneri intercepts all host pyruvate, while L.

88 Shigella flexneri invades and subverts the human colonic

89 We show that Shigella flexneri invades polarized HIE monolayers prefe

90 The guinea pig model for Shigella flexneri invasion of the colonic mucosa was use

91 Shigella flexneri is a bacterial pathogen that invades c

92 ing the putative NF-T3SS C-ring component in Shigella flexneri is alternatively translated to produce

93 Shigella flexneri is an intracellular bacterial pathogen

94 In this study, we show that Shigella flexneri is capable of infecting and replicatin

95 e show that the type III effector IpgB1 from Shigella flexneri may bind to acidic phospholipids and r

96 E. coli isolates that were misidentified as Shigella flexneri or S. boydii by the kmer ID, and 8 wer

97 V rupture by Gram-negative pathogens such as Shigella flexneri or Salmonella Typhimurium remains inco

98 Recently, the Shigella flexneri protease IpaJ was found to cleave myri

99 whole-genome sequenced clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri serotype 3a from high-risk and low-ris

100 w that the cytosolic Gram-negative bacterium Shigella flexneri stalls apoptosis by inhibiting effecto

101 s research highlighting induced virulence in Shigella flexneri strain 2457T following exposure to bil

102 ) to visualize intact machines in a virulent Shigella flexneri strain genetically modified to produce

103 Pseudomonas aeruginosa covalently linked to Shigella flexneri type 2a O-antigen (Sf2E) produced by e

104 report the identification of two homologous Shigella flexneri type III secretion system effector E3

105 al degradation model, we identify IpaH7.8, a Shigella flexneri ubiquitin ligase secreted effector, as

106 a pig model increased bacterial clearance of Shigella flexneri upon colonic infection, strongly sugge

107 , SsaG (Salmonella enterica SPI-2), or MxiH (Shigella flexneri).

108 ltiple antagonists of the pathway encoded by Shigella flexneri, a cytosol-adapted bacterium, provide

109 the FimA orthologues from Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica can all fold

110 t attachment and invasion by deoxycholate in Shigella flexneri, deoxycholate negatively regulates Ics

111 inct bacterial species, L. monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri, exploit the accessible pool of choles

112 In Shigella flexneri, pINV harbours three toxin-antitoxin (

113 Here, we show that infection by Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of human bacillar

114 Using bacteriophage Sf6 and its host, Shigella flexneri, we investigated how Sf6 utilizes oute

115 ), Dickeya solani, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri.

116 o tools to study antibiotic efficacy against Shigella flexneri.

117 -Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri.

118 iotic-resistant strain of the human pathogen Shigella flexneri.

119 ated bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella flexnerii and Staphylococcus aureus).

120 -resistant strain, Ty21a-AR-Ss, by inserting Shigella glutaminase-glutamate decarboxylase systems coe

121 ase burden and the emerging threats posed by shigella have accelerated interest in development of shi

122 Of note, one VHH heterodimer could reduce Shigella hemolytic activity by >80%.

123 international institutions with expertise in Shigella immunology that would work with the National In

124 radic detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella in Asia in the early 2000s and the subsequent g

125 The higher levels of Escherichia/Shigella in bottle-fed lambs suggest that artificial fee

126 y, aids the highly infectious enteropathogen Shigella in breaching the intestinal epithelium in vitro

127 lled signal amplification was used to detect Shigella in stool and blood matrixes at the single-digit

128 significantly decreased, whereas Escherichia-Shigella increased with reduction of protein concentrati

129 aracterizing commensal Escherichia coli from Shigella-infected and healthy children, we identified an

130 tions accumulate in a long-lasting manner in Shigella-infected cells, causing subsequent formation of

131 eficient mice are highly susceptible to oral Shigella infection and recapitulate the clinical feature

132 -5p and miR-6073 exert a selective effect on Shigella infection by impairing bacterial actin-based mo

133 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and shigella infection in children younger than 5 years from

134 sentery for identification and management of Shigella infection might miss an opportunity to reduce S

135 onfirm a potential pathogenic role of HD5 in Shigella infection of not only epithelial cells but also

136 o and in vivo Whether and how HD5 influences Shigella infection of resident macrophages following its

137 Shigella infection was associated with mortality (pooled

138 value of dysentery for the identification of Shigella infection, and the efficacy of antibiotics for

139 NAs chosen among the strongest inhibitors of Shigella infection, we discovered that miR-3668, miR-473

140 tic therapy for children with non-dysenteric Shigella infection.

141 n to be altered during the course of natural Shigella infection.

142 dentified that surface loops of OmpA mediate Shigella infection.

143 lgi-associated ARF/ARL family GTPases during Shigella infection.

144 Shigella infections are a leading cause of diarrhoeal de

145 changes in species prevalence, diagnoses of Shigella infections in England are persistently most com

146 dysentery identified 1.9-85.9% of confirmed Shigella infections, with sensitivity decreasing over ti

147 Ciprofloxacin is a recommended treatment for Shigella infections.

148 Our findings demonstrate how Shigella inhibits pro-apoptotic caspase activity, effect

149 combined with an amplicon for the conserved Shigella invasion antigen, IpaH3, into a multiplex PCR a

150 reby shifting the paradigm about early stage Shigella invasion.

151 nvironment, we find that peristalsis impacts Shigella invasion.

152 tides derived from talin, alpha-actinin, and Shigella IpaA out of the vinculin head domain.

153 gle protein component of the T3SA translocon-Shigella IpaC, Salmonella SipC, or Chromobacterium CipC-

154 The enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella is a facultative intracellular bacterium known,

155 Moderate to severe diarrhea caused by Shigella is a global health concern due to its substanti

156 Shigella is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food o

157 rential susceptibility of mice and humans to Shigella is due to mouse-specific activation of the NAIP

158 The enteric pathogen Shigella is one of the leading causes of moderate-to-sev

159 ble tool for rapid typing of uncharacterized Shigella isolates and provides a framework that can be u

160 onships between antibiotic susceptibility of Shigella isolates and travel destination or other risk f

161 A population-level study of all cultured Shigella isolates in the state of Victoria, Australia, w

162 patterns and risk factors for acquisition in Shigella isolates using routinely collected data for not

163 equencing, and bioinformatic analyses of 545 Shigella isolates were performed at the Microbiological

164 ents notified during the study period, where Shigella isolates were tested for antimicrobial sensitiv

165 intracellular multiplication of phagocytosed Shigella led to massive necrotic cell death and release

166 Collectively, our results reveal that Shigella leverages the intestinal microenvironment by ta

167 Shigella, like many other Gram-negative bacterial pathog

168 s that the hydrophobic translocator (IpaB in Shigella) likely binds to a region within the tip protei

169 o describe the spread of multidrug-resistant Shigella lineages.

170 al clinical relevance, including Escherichia-Shigella linked to urinary tract infections.

171 were ranked into 3 tiers, with antibodies to Shigella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) being the highest prio

172 ion was observed between Cryptosporidium and Shigella, Listeria, and Salmonella (rho = 0.51, 0.51, 0.

173 ence sera, and identify a reliable source of Shigella LPS for global utilization.

174 ermine serum immunoglobulin G titers against Shigella LPS.

175 sional intracytoplasmic pathogens, including Shigella, mediate phagosomal escape.

176 Shigella mediates intracellular motility and spreading v

177 at co-expression of full-length IcsA and the Shigella membrane protease IcsP yields highly pure IcsA

178 x and modulated the infectious properties of Shigella Moreover, structural elucidation of several Ipa

179 Inclusion of indirect ETEC and shigella mortality in burden estimates resulted in a 20-

180 t subnational heterogeneity in most ETEC and shigella mortality measures.

181 ulted in a 20-30% increase in total ETEC and shigella mortality rates in some subnational areas.

182 The demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of Shigella on the single-digit CFU level suggests the feas

183 he efficacy of antibiotics for children with Shigella or dysentery, or both.

184 olymyxin B, and blocking the function of the Shigella outer membrane actin motility factor IcsA.

185 of 24% (8-34; for ETEC) and 28% (10-39; for shigella) over direct deaths due to diarrhoeal episodes.

186 of this model for studying basic aspects of Shigella pathogenesis and host responses.

187 flammasomes are generally thought to promote Shigella pathogenesis, we instead demonstrate that intes

188 animal models have been widely used to study Shigella pathogenesis.

189 thus, cultured cells have been used to model Shigella pathogenesis.

190 e demonstrate that HIEs can be used to model Shigella pathogenesis.

191 la virulence plasmid and, in some cases, the Shigella pathogenicity islands.

192 ial (eg, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Shigella) pathogens.

193 f potential selective pressures guiding both Shigella phage and host evolution.

194 In this review, we discuss the history of Shigella phages and recent developments in their isolati

195 Recent efforts to isolate Shigella phages have indicated these viruses are surpris

196 , 0/9 Salmonella-positive specimens, and 2/3 Shigella-positive specimens.

197 urthermore, we describe a mechanism by which Shigella promotes its own invasion by altering the sumoy

198 ion of zebrafish containing a lethal dose of Shigella promotes pathogen killing, leading to increased

199 ny pathogens, including the genera Yersinia, Shigella, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella, to deliver effect

200 Shigella quickly colonizes epithelial crypt-like invagin

201 The expanded effects of non-fatal ETEC and shigella-related diarrhoeal episodes can have lasting co

202 We modelled ETEC-related and shigella-related mortality and the effect of moderate-to

203 Like many Gram-negative pathogens, Shigella rely on a complex type III secretion system (T3

204 Although it is clear that Shigella requires N-WASP for this process, the molecular

205 TGT inhibition prevents translation of Shigella's virulence factor VirF, hence reducing pathoge

206 reactivity studies were conducted by testing Shigella, Salmonella spp., Salmonella typhimurium and St

207 f the translocator components of the T3SA of Shigella, Salmonella, and Chromobacterium, we demonstrat

208 Here we showed that Shigella, Salmonella, and Listeria interfere with splice

209 le pathogens included astrovirus, norovirus, Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, sapovirus, and typical EPEC.

210 eudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Vibrio, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Mycobacterium and Bacill

211 riod, the highest proportion of isolates was Shigella sonnei (54.4%), followed by S. flexneri (39.2%)

212 pecific multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineage of Shigella sonnei (lineage III) is becoming globally domin

213 terial dysentery, with Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei accounting for around 90% of cases world

214 Shigella sonnei and Salmonella Typhi cause significant m

215 bal spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant (cipR) Shigella sonnei from 2010, fluoroquinolones remain the r

216 Shigella sonnei increasingly dominates the international

217 Shigella sonnei is a bacterial pathogen and causative ag

218 o uronic acids, as already verified here for Shigella sonnei O-antigen, Streptococcus pneumoniae sero

219 lt males, characterized by distinct periodic Shigella sonnei outbreaks.

220 Here, we show that the Shigella sonnei rhomboid proteases GlpG and the newly id

221 using Shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457T and Shigella sonnei strain 53G.

222 nd species, with only particular lineages of Shigella sp. and Escherichia coli proving unresolvable.

223 d Klebsiella sp. by 2 LU, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. did not occur after fermentation, similar t

224 Of the 1,982 Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. isolates analyzed in this study, 1,957 (98.

225 ences of Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp., which cause diarrheal diseases.

226 ation of multidrug-resistant plasmids across Shigella species and lineages, but predominantly associa

227 The Gram-negative Shigella species are close relatives of Escherichia coli

228 Escherichia coli and Shigella species are closely related and genetically con

229 The Shigella species cause millions of cases of watery or bl

230 d detailed monitoring of the transmission of Shigella species in England.

231 was to characterize the genomic diversity of Shigella species through sequencing of 55 isolates repre

232 In contrast to isolates of the four Shigella species, which are widespread and can be freque

233 between closely related Escherichia coli and Shigella species.

234 rstanding of the maintenance of virulence in Shigella species.

235 ing the terminal ileum, colon, and rectum by Shigella species.

236 nomes from each of the E. coli pathovars and Shigella species.

237 hanism nearly indistinguishable from that of Shigella species.

238 y distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella species.

239 acteristics and the transmission dynamics of Shigella species.

240 norovirus genogroup II, Cryptosporidium, and Shigella species/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli were si

241 tes representing members of each of the four Shigella species: S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. boydii, and

242 As previously reported for Shigella, specific multidrug-resistant strains of Campyl

243 As previously reported for Shigella, specific multidrug-resistant strains of Campyl

244 heat-stable toxin, enteroaggregative E coli, Shigella spp (non-dysentery cases), Aeromonas spp, Crypt

245 ccurred among 942 children qPCR-positive for Shigella spp and 30 deaths occurred in 1384 qPCR-negativ

246 ected and 2063 (38.9%) had two or more, with Shigella spp and rotavirus being the pathogens most stro

247 ly for adenovirus 40/41 (around five times), Shigella spp or enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) a

248 ren with better nutritional status, although Shigella spp remained associated with moderate-to-severe

249 , and 1.1 versus 0.2 (24-59 months); and for Shigella spp was 1.0 versus 1.3 (0-11 months), 3.1 versu

250 iologies, interventions targeting rotavirus, Shigella spp, enterotoxigenic E coli producing heat-stab

251 Results for Shigella spp, norovirus, and sapovirus suggested they ha

252 table pathogens became, in descending order, Shigella spp, rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, ST-ETEC, Cryp

253 genes encoding heat-labile enterotoxin), and Shigella spp.

254 y-distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella spp.

255 Shigella spp. are a leading cause of human diarrheal dis

256 Pathogenic Shigella spp. are the leading cause of bacterial dysente

257 Shigella spp. cause shigellosis, also called bacillary d

258 essed occupational exposure to rotavirus and Shigella spp. during CBS urine collection and subsequent

259 vite production (~10(-2)), though risks from Shigella spp. during urine collection (~10(-3)) and stru

260 9.8% for Salmonella spp., 99.2% and 100% for Shigella spp., 97.5% and 99.0% for C. jejuni and C. coli

261 Shigella spp., the bacteria responsible for shigellosis,

262 ens, including Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Citrobacter spp., enteroto

263 Norovirus GII, Cryptosporidium, Shigella, ST-ETEC, and adenovirus 40/41 were also import

264 rcontinental dissemination of multiresistant shigella strains, facilitated by travellers and men who

265 Characterising ETEC and shigella subnational estimates of indirect morbidity (in

266 at can be used globally for laboratory-based shigella surveillance.

267 s into how exposure to bile likely regulates Shigella survival and virulence during host transit and

268 approaches to enhance the resolution of the Shigella T3SA sorting platform (at <=2 nm resolution) do

269 The Shigella T3SS consists of a hollow needle, made of MxiH

270 uely complementing the multitude of included Shigella T3SS phenotype assays and providing a more comp

271 me modifying post-transcriptionally tRNAs in Shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis.

272 ontinental spread of antimicrobial-resistant shigella through established transmission routes emphasi

273 The Shigella tip complex (TC) is composed of IpaD, a hydroph

274 vantage of the ability of the enteropathogen Shigella to convert the phosphothreonine residue of the

275 ment of novel therapeutics, as resistance of Shigella to many currently used antibiotics is rapidly e

276 only mechanism, is the main strategy used by Shigella to target human immune cells.

277 ratin 18 interact with the C-terminus of the Shigella translocon pore protein IpaC.

278 knowledge, a direct physiologic role for the Shigella type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) in mediatin

279 relates precisely with the activation of the Shigella type III secretion apparatus, thus evidencing i

280 The molecular architecture of the Shigella type III secretion machine and its sorting plat

281 strate that the introduction of a functional Shigella type III secretion system, but none of its effe

282 l imaging of infected zebrafish reveals that Shigella undergo rounding induced by the invasive predat

283 human colonic lamina propria, encountered by Shigella upon its crossing of the mucosal barrier, are a

284 t regulatory role for advancing the range of Shigella vaccine candidates that are currently in develo

285 rd establishing common procedures to advance Shigella vaccine development, support licensure, and ult

286 e contribution that CHIM studies can make to Shigella vaccine development.

287 l (CHIM) is valuable for assessing candidate Shigella vaccine efficacy and potentially accelerating r

288 A Shigella vaccine would decrease the morbidity and mortal

289 have accelerated interest in development of shigella vaccines, many of which are being tested in cli

290 . coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, and Yersinia.

291 In silico detection of the Shigella virulence plasmid (pINV), which is essential fo

292 neages of E. coli via the acquisition of the Shigella virulence plasmid and, in some cases, the Shige

293 ignificance of riboregulation in controlling Shigella virulence, but they also have the potential to

294 a proper translocator secretion profile, and Shigella virulence.

295 HD5-promoted phagocytosis of Shigella was independent of the status of the type 3 sec

296 Inactivated Shigella was spiked in these matrixes and detected direc

297 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.9, p=0.0090), showing that Shigella was strongly associated with increased risk of

298 educe mortality among children infected with Shigella who present without bloody stool.

299 impact the infectivity of the human pathogen Shigella within a 3D colonic epithelium using Intestine-

300 and promoted the clearance of intracellular Shigella within macrophages.