ライフサイエンスコーパス: T6SS

1 T6SS activity is silenced in plasmid-containing, antibio

2 T6SS and plasmid conjugation both involve cell-to-cell c

3 T6SS is regulated at transcriptional and posttranslation

4 T6SS sheaths are cytoplasmic tubular structures composed

5 T6SSs are a class of sophisticated cell contact-dependen

6 ocesses depend on type 6 secretion system 1 (T6SS-1), which is required for virulence in animals.

7 at one of these, type VI secretion system 5 (T6SS-5), is required for virulence in mammalian infectio

8 ism by bacterial type VI secretion system 5 (T6SS-5), which is an essential virulence factor in both

9 at the point of type VI secretion system 5 (T6SS-5)-mediated cell-cell spread.

10 n 11 167 core T6SS components mapping to 906 T6SSs found in 498 bacterial strains representing 240 sp

11 A T6SS mutant of strain WP2-202 was generated and designat

12 6, an anti-bacterial effector delivered by a T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens,

13 We constructed a T6SS inducible strain and established conditions where t

14 ion, and virulence, was presumed to encode a T6SS-like apparatus.

15 also show the TleV1 toxin is delivered in a T6SS manner by V. cholerae and can lyse other bacterial

16 ated the formation of heterotypic MNGCs in a T6SS-5-dependent manner.

17 Burkholderia cenocepacia strain AU1054 in a T6SS-dependent manner.

18 S Typhimurium kills commensal bacteria in a T6SS-dependent manner.

19 agments with a length exceeding 150 kbp in a T6SS-dependent manner.

20 Here, we show that TssA1 is a T6SS component forming dodecameric ring structures whose

21 Therefore, Burkholderia TecA is a T6SS effector that modifies a eukaryotic target through

22 We show that TseC is a T6SS-secreted antibacterial effector and that the downst

23 ormatic and functional characterization of a T6SS-like pathway in diverse Bacteroidetes.

24 ella enterica serovar Typhimurium requires a T6SS encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-6 (S

25 is clear, the fitness impacts of wielding a T6SS are not well understood.

26 P. aeruginosa adapts to the CF lung abrogate T6SS activity, making P. aeruginosa and its human host s

27 An accessory T6SS component, TagJ/HsiE, exists predominantly in one o

28 Such acquired T6SS-dependent fitness in vivo and conservation of Tde-T

29 tD and found that these knockdowns activated T6SS activity.

30 Thus, an active T6SS in either the donor or the recipient poses a challe

31 ransfer in E. coli and trigger P. aeruginosa T6SS killing, but not pilus production.

32 rrays of immunity genes that protect against T6SS-mediated intra- and inter-species bacterial antagon

33 T6SS transcripts is fine-tuned by AmrZ, all T6SS mRNAs are silenced by RsmA.

34 chanism that modulates the deployment of all T6SS weapons that may be simultaneously produced within

35 tween T6SS-wielding Acinetobacter baylyi and T6SS-sensitive Escherichia coli.

36 cteristics as a propagator of CRISPR-Cas and T6SS modules.

37 of global control by RsmA to VgrG spike and T6SS toxin transcripts whose genes are scattered on the

38 MP impacts the production of T6SS toxins and T6SS structural components.

39 effector-immunity paradigm for antibacterial T6SS substrates, the toxic activities of these effectors

40 ate that several MIX-containing proteins are T6SS effectors and that they are not required for T6SS a

41 we propose that MIX-containing proteins are T6SS effectors.

42 cterial virulence protein expression because T6SS-1 and some effectors of type 3 secretion system 3 (

43 omosomally-encoded virulence factors besides T6SS.

44 with single-cell analysis of combat between T6SS-wielding Acinetobacter baylyi and T6SS-sensitive Es

45 inner and middle layers is conserved between T6SS and phage sheaths.

46 del whereby the CTD of VgrG-5-, propelled by T6SS-5-, plays a key role in inducing membrane fusion, e

47 ly shown and/or predicted to be delivered by T6SSs into target eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells as

48 Thus, the V. cholerae T6SS contributes to the competitive behaviour of this sp

49 is result also demonstrated that V. cholerae T6SS is capable of delivering effectors that could attac

50 It currently contains data on 11 167 core T6SS components mapping to 906 T6SSs found in 498 bacter

51 The singularity of VgrG-5 as a detected T6SS-5 substrate, taken together with the essentiality o

52 f TssC, suggesting the existence of distinct T6SS classes.

53 seudomonas aeruginosa encodes three distinct T6SS haemolysin coregulated protein (Hcp) secretion isla

54 confirmed that these differences distinguish T6SS classes that resulted from a functional co-evolutio

55 approach, we discovered that the FPI-encoded T6SS exports at least three effectors encoded outside of

56 proach to the Hcp secretion island I-encoded T6SS (H1-T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the iden

57 and NF1DeltavasK); vasK encodes an essential T6SS structural component.

58 . pseudomallei strains engineered to express T6SS-5 in vitro show that the VgrG5 C-terminal domain is

59 l-cell-targeting T6SSs characterized so far, T6SS-5 localizes to the bacterial cell pole.

60 croscopy reveals that they assemble and fire T6SS contractile sheaths at ~6% of the frequency of rhs

61 This mechanism is crucial for T6SS function.

62 a coli target bacteria and are defective for T6SS-dependent export of hemolysin-coregulated protein (

63 e VgrG5 C-terminal domain is dispensable for T6SS-mediated secretion of Hcp5, demonstrating that the

64 epeat protein G (VgrG) and are important for T6SS activity in other bacteria.

65 mid that carries the negative regulators for T6SS.

66 effectors and that they are not required for T6SS activity.

67 , Rhs proteins are not strictly required for T6SS assembly, although they greatly increase secretion

68 al adherence, and we identify a new role for T6SS as a key virulence factor in gastrointestinal infec

69 kely represents an evolutionary strategy for T6SS effectors to reach their intended substrates regard

70 Full T6SS-1 activity requires Rhs that contains N-terminal tr

71 d that B. pseudomallei requires a functional T6SS for full virulence, bacterial dissemination, and le

72 d to Bacteroides fragilis Unlike GA1 and GA2 T6SS loci, most GA3 loci do not encode identifiable effe

73 Importantly, we show that the GA3 T6SS of strain 638R is functional in the mammalian gut a

74 ned in two variable regions of GA3 loci, GA3 T6SSs of the species B. fragilis are likely the source o

75 Here, we studied GA3 T6SSs and show that they antagonize most human gut Bacte

76 H1-T6SS is a molecular gun firing seven toxins, Tse1-Tse7,

77 the RetS sensor, which has a fully active H1-T6SS, in contrast to the parent.

78 The Pseudomonas aeruginosa H1-T6SS has been extensively characterized.

79 r screen failed to identify two predicted H1-T6SS effectors, Tse5 and Tse6, which differ from Hcp-sta

80 y shown to act as a potent intra-specific H1-T6SS-delivered antibacterial toxin.

81 the Hcp secretion island I-encoded T6SS (H1-T6SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the identificatio

82 The H1-T6SS characterization was facilitated through studying a

83 the independent contribution of the three H1-T6SS co-regulated vgrG genes, vgrG1abc, to bacterial kil

84 th respect to the requirement for the two H1-T6SS-exported VgrG proteins, whereas Tse5 and Tse6 deliv

85 Here we performed a screen to identify H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS regulatory elements and found that the

86 at the type VI secretion system locus II (H2-T6SS) of P. aeruginosa delivers AmpDh3 (but not AmpD or

87 However, study of H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS has been neglected because of a poor un

88 ggered the characterization of a suite of H2-T6SS toxins and their implication in direct bacterial co

89 rZ, which acts as a negative regulator of H2-T6SS.

90 an evolutionary advantage and that of the H2-T6SS as the means for the manifestation of the effect.

91 e the characterization of a P. aeruginosa H3-T6SS-dependent phospholipase D effector, PldB, and its t

92 However, study of H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS has been neglected because of a poor understanding

93 erformed a screen to identify H2-T6SS and H3-T6SS regulatory elements and found that the posttranscri

94 tein (Hcp) secretion islands (H1, H2, and H3-T6SS), each involved in different aspects of the bacteri

95 e renamed TseF) appears to be secreted by H3-T6SS and is incorporated into outer membrane vesicles (O

96 ximal to the type VI secretion system H3 (H3-T6SS), functions synergistically with known iron acquisi

97 of susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates harbor T6SS-abrogating mutations, the repair of which, in some

98 This increase in T6SS activity was dependent on the same signal transduct

99 This activation results in T6SS-mediated killing of competing bacteria but renders

100 SS effector (TseL) of V. cholerae can induce T6SS dynamic activity in P. aeruginosa when delivered to

101 These results provide new insights into T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and attachment in K

102 eudomonas aeruginosa assembles and fires its T6SS apparatus only after detecting initial attacks by o

103 is a Gram-negative pathogen that can use its T6SS during antagonistic interactions with neighboring p

104 strain was able to kill its parent using its T6SS.

105 yse its parental strain upon contact via its T6SS but is unable to kill parental cells expressing the

106 We found that this lethal T6SS counterattack also occurs in response to the mating

107 dicted to transit not only the Gram-negative T6SS but also the Gram-positive type VII secretion syste

108 Together, this work identifies new T6SS effectors employed by a plant commensal bacterium t

109 novel bioinformatics method and identify new T6SS gene clusters in V. cholerae.

110 overy and functional characterization of new T6SS effectors in Gram-negative bacteria.

111 We identify two new T6SS auxiliary gene clusters and describe Aux 5 here.

112 o that of a mutant harboring a nonfunctional T6SS-5.

113 can be modified to identify additional novel T6SS genomic loci in diverse bacterial species.

114 er, the identification and mode of action of T6SS effector proteins that mediate this protective effe

115 ein is critical for the effector activity of T6SS-5.

116 as polymyxin B can also trigger assembly of T6SS organelles via a signal transduction pathway that i

117 ize trimeric VgrG, but efficient assembly of T6SS-1 also depends on an intact beta-cage.

118 dy of the evolutionary costs and benefits of T6SS weaponry during competition with other bacteria.

119 Here, we report a class of T6SS effector chaperone (TEC) proteins that are required

120 However, the contribution of T6SS antibacterial activity during pathogen invasion of

121 The control of T6SS genes varies among V. cholerae strains and typicall

122 The distribution of T6SS genes in the PLA and intestinal-colonizing K pneumo

123 likely responsible for the high diversity of T6SS effector-immunity gene profiles observed for V. cho

124 on and secretion of two distinct families of T6SS membrane protein effectors.

125 t both require a member of the Eag family of T6SS chaperones for export.

126 d similar proteins represent a new family of T6SS-delivered anti-bacterial effectors.

127 cid pH upregulates the expression of Hcp1 of T6SS-1 and TssM, a protein coregulated with T6SS-1.

128 Overall, although the level of T6SS transcripts is fine-tuned by AmrZ, all T6SS mRNAs a

129 ta, which suggest that the great majority of T6SS-wielding species do indeed use lytic toxins, indica

130 bacterial fitness, systematic prediction of T6SS effectors remains challenging due to high effector

131 ly, these analyses uncover the prevalence of T6SS-dependent competition and reveal its potential role

132 nger cyclic di-GMP impacts the production of T6SS toxins and T6SS structural components.

133 A broad range of T6SS gene cluster detection and comparative analysis too

134 dies suggest that the complete repertoire of T6SS effectors delivered to host cells is encoded by the

135 f the Bptm group, the effector repertoire of T6SS-5 has remained elusive.

136 This study clarified the roles of T6SS and ExoA in pathogenesis caused by A. hydrophila NF

137 osis and requires intracellular secretion of T6SS effectors.

138 ion substrates of the T6SS and one subset of T6SS effectors consists of VgrG proteins with C-terminal

139 cations that describe three superfamilies of T6SS proteins, each dedicated to mediate the secretion o

140 The prevalence of T6SSs is higher in the PLA strains than in the intestina

141 The roles of T6SSs in antibacterial activity, type-1 fimbriae express

142 vel secreted protein whose export depends on T6SS-5 function.

143 , also containing CRISPR-Cas elements and/or T6SS's.

144 nome and are not linked genetically to other T6SS genes.

145 Our findings provide an example of pathogen T6SS-dependent killing of commensal bacteria as a mechan

146 Recent work suggests that a phospholipase T6SS effector (TseL) of V. cholerae can induce T6SS dyna

147 Phylogenetic analysis of phytobacterial T6SS clusters shows that they are distributed in the fiv

148 nd antieukaryotic effectors out of predatory T6SS(+) cells and into prey cells.

149 ype VI secretion system (T6SS), and prevents T6SS-dependent bacterial killing by P. aeruginosa.

150 tructure of a sheath protein complex propels T6SS spike and tube components along with antibacterial

151 arge family of TEC genes coupled to putative T6SS effectors in Gram-negative bacteria.

152 ily explorable archive of known and putative T6SSs, and cognate effectors found in bacteria.

153 Because of its short range, T6SS activity becomes self-limiting, as dead cells accum

154 f the Bptm group previously shown to require T6SS-5 function.

155 except for B. fragilis strains with the same T6SS locus.

156 as the Bptm group, appear to encode several T6SSs, we and others have shown that one of these, type

157 are essential for type VI secretion system (T6SS) activity in Enterobacter cloacae (ECL).

158 al activity of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) against specified target cells.

159 we report that the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) and type 1 fimbriae are important virulence factor

160 harboring a unique type 6 secretion system (T6SS) effector (TseC).

161 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) encoded by the Francisella pathogenicity island (F

162 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has emerged as a critical virulence factor for the

163 that represses the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in multiple Acinetobacter strains.

164 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine for the transport of ef

165 The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine that delivers effector

166 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial nanomachine used to inject effector

167 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contact-dependent bacterial weapon that allow

168 The bacterial type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic apparatus that translocates proteins

169 The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is a dynamic organelle encoded by many gram-negati

170 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a lethal weapon used by many bacteria to kill e

171 Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular machine used by many Gram-nega

172 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a nanomachine used by many bacteria to drive a

173 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a proteinaceous weapon used by many Gram-negati

174 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a supra-molecular bacterial complex that resemb

175 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a supra-molecular complex akin to bacteriophage

176 The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile weapon deployed by many bacterial s

177 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a weapon of bacterial warfare and host cell sub

178 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread molecular weapon deployed by many

179 he P. chlororaphis type VI secretion system (T6SS) is activated upon contact with B. subtilis cells,

180 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is an organelle that is structurally and mechanist

181 The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one of the largest dynamic assemblies in gram-n

182 The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is used by many Gram-negative bacterial species to

183 ecently discovered type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in bacterial pathogens and used to d

184 The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) mediates antagonistic cell-cell interactions betwe

185 nactivation of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of a competitor annuls the responses to competitio

186 ompetitors via the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) precipitates phase separation via the 'Model A' un

187 stitutively active type VI secretion system (T6SS) that is employed to kill nonkin bacteria.

188 contact-dependent type VI secretion system (T6SS) that kills neighbouring competitors by translocati

189 bour genes for the type VI secretion system (T6SS) that translocates effectors into neighbouring euka

190 cholerae use their type VI secretion system (T6SS) to actively acquire DNA from non-kin neighbors.

191 oys a harpoon-like type VI secretion system (T6SS) to compete against other microbes in environmental

192 long sheath of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to deliver effectors into a target cell.

193 Bacteria use the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to kill neighboring cells.

194 ocepacia employs a type VI secretion system (T6SS) to survive in macrophages by disarming Rho-type GT

195 the F. tularensis Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) was required for vacuole escape.

196 onism, such as the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a multiprotein needle-like apparatus that injects

197 aumannii encodes a type VI secretion system (T6SS), an antibacterial apparatus of Gram-negative bacte

198 res (GA1-3) of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), an effector delivery pathway that mediates interb

199 nregulation of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), and prevents T6SS-dependent bacterial killing by

200 n system (T2SS), a type VI secretion system (T6SS), autotransporter, and outer membrane vesicles (OMV

201 d component of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp), binds dire

202 onism, such as the type VI secretion system (T6SS), have not been defined in this group of organisms.

203 ks mediated by the type VI secretion system (T6SS), P1vir phage, and polymyxin B.

204 oidales encode the type VI secretion system (T6SS), which facilitates the delivery of toxic effector

205 harbors 2 putative type VI secretion system (T6SS)-encoding gene clusters.

206 tive cells against type VI secretion system (T6SS)-wielding competitors, including physical barriers,

207 domonas aeruginosa type VI secretion system (T6SS).

208 -Cas element and a type VI secretion system (T6SS).

209 addition being the type VI secretion system (T6SS).

210 e transfer and the Type VI secretion system (T6SS).

211 n of the cluster 5 type VI secretion system (T6SS-5) and its associated valine-glycine repeat protein

212 Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) enable bacteria to engage neighboring cells in con

213 s (T3SS), and six type VI secretion systems (T6SS).

214 been described: type six secretion systems (T6SS); contact dependent inhibition (CDI); and bacterioc

215 Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are multiprotein complexes best studied in Gram-n

216 Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are nanomachines widely used by bacteria to deliv

217 Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are newly identified contractile nanomachines tha

218 d proteobacteria, type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are potentially capable of facilitating diverse i

219 Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) deliver antibacterial effector proteins between n

220 inosa and Bcc use type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to mediate interbacterial competition.

221 how that unlike the bacterial-cell-targeting T6SSs characterized so far, T6SS-5 localizes to the bact

222 We mathematically demonstrate that T6SS-mediated killing should favour the evolution of pub

223 possess identical effectors, indicating that T6SS effectors may affect pandemicity.

224 he responses to competition, indicating that T6SS-derived cell damage activates these stress response

225 We recently showed that T6SS loci are also widespread in symbiotic human gut bac

226 The T6SS delivers multiple, diverse effector proteins direct

227 The T6SS genes in Campylobacter plasmids encoded genes and p

228 The T6SS is widespread among Gram-negative bacteria, mostly

229 The T6SS not only promotes V. cholerae's survival during its

230 The T6SS punctures adjacent cells and delivers toxic effecto

231 n be sensed by P. aeruginosa to activate the T6SS even when the disruption is generated by aberrant c

232 portance of the extracellular matrix and the T6SS in modulating the coexistence of the two species on

233 ve model between the phage baseplate and the T6SS.

234 f effectors and immunity proteins around the T6SS core components.

235 The TssA1 ring complex binds the T6SS sheath and impacts its behaviour in vivo In the pha

236 t cell they happen to be delivered to by the T6SS apparatus.

237 Finally, we discuss the roles played by the T6SS of V. cholerae in both natural environments and hos

238 Killing by the T6SS results from repetitive delivery of toxic effectors

239 work illustrates the twin role played by the T6SS, dealing death to local competitors while simultane

240 ey cell line HEK 293 was not impacted by the T6SS.

241 to directly targeting eukaryotic cells, the T6SS can also target other bacteria coinfecting a mammal

242 d to other bacteria, c-di-GMP turns down the T6SS in A. tumefaciens thus impacting its ability to com

243 unity genes downstream of those encoding the T6SS structural machinery for effector delivery.

244 in vivo, revealing an important role for the T6SS in V. vulnificus ecology.

245 indings to our developing picture of how the T6SS assembles and fires, how it is loaded with differen

246 l proteins that are primarily located in the T6SS genome neighborhood.

247 Our work suggests that, in the T6SS, bacteria have evolved a disintegration weapon whos

248 e core conserved secretion substrates of the T6SS and one subset of T6SS effectors consists of VgrG p

249 ue complex required for core function of the T6SS apparatus.

250 regarding the structure and function of the T6SS as well as the diverse signals and regulatory pathw

251 TssA1 could be a baseplate component of the T6SS Furthermore, we identified similarities between Tss

252 Here, we show that one of the T6SS gene clusters (Aux3) exists in two states: a mobile

253 ws the phylogeny and biological roles of the T6SS in plant-associated bacteria, highlighting a remark

254 idespread occurrence and significance of the T6SS is becoming increasingly appreciated, as is its int

255 Because reach of the T6SS is limited, some bacteria dynamically regulate its

256 dvantages in planta and that the role of the T6SS is not restricted to virulence.

257 One key feature of the T6SS is the secretion of diverse effectors.

258 , that, interestingly, are homologues of the T6SS membrane complex components TssL and TssM, suggesti

259 ian host, highlighting the importance of the T6SS not only for bacterial survival in environmental ec

260 Our results indicate a new model of the T6SS organelle in which the VgrG-PAAR spike complex is d

261 w that these proteins sharpen the tip of the T6SS spike complex.

262 Expression of the T6SS varies among different strains of A. baumannii, for

263 Our atomic model of the T6SS will facilitate design of drugs targeting this high

264 frequent plasmid loss and activation of the T6SS.

265 al function, assembly, and regulation of the T6SS.

266 of the recipient, which is the target of the T6SS.

267 that multivalent nanoparticles based on the T6SS sheath represent a versatile scaffold for vaccine a

268 on their distinctive ability to repress the T6SS of their hosts to enable their own dissemination an

269 ural biology and live-cell imaging shows the T6SS as a long contractile sheath assembled around a rig

270 In summary, the T6SS encoded by Campylobacter megaplasmids mediates lysi

271 targeted attack strategy has been termed the T6SS tit-for-tat response.

272 gut in an Hcp1-dependent manner and that the T6SS antibacterial activity is essential for Salmonella

273 d pathogenic phytobacteria suggests that the T6SS provides fitness and colonization advantages in pla

274 nchial epithelial cells, indicating that the T6SS-5 is important in the host-pathogen interaction in

275 arget cells in addition to killing them, the T6SS becomes a much more effective weapon.

276 fatal water-borne cholera disease, uses the T6SS to evade phagocytic eukaryotes, cause intestinal in

277 Our model identifies a key problem with the T6SS.

278 nity genes encoded in the 3' region of their T6SS clusters.

279 species, such as Vibrio cholerae, use their T6SS in an untargeted fashion while in contrast, Pseudom

280 a of the order Bacteroidales, and that these T6SS loci segregate into three distinct genetic architec

281 experimentally confirm the identity of this T6SS and, by cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM), show the

282 We demonstrate the assembly of this T6SS by IglA/IglB and secretion of its putative effector

283 imposes a concerted repression on all three T6SS clusters.

284 ve pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has three T6SSs involved in colonization, competition, and full vi

285 d the conditions of the DNA released through T6SS-mediated killing versus passive cell lysis and the

286 esion to effectively overcome the barrier to T6SS activity in fluid conditions.

287 h induced soxS in E. coli expressing a toxic T6SS antibacterial effector and in E. coli treated with

288 review, we highlight the repertoire of toxic T6SS effectors and the diverse genetic regulation networ

289 n outer membrane biogenesis can also trigger T6SS activation in P. aeruginosa Specifically, we develo

290 In vitro, A. tumefaciens T6SS could kill Escherichia coli but triggered a lethal

291 Here, we report that two T6SS encoded valine-glycine repeat protein G (VgrG) para

292 ore, we provide evidence that one of the two T6SS nanotube subunits, Hcp1, is required for killing Kl

293 e identification of numerous uncharacterized T6SS effectors that will undoubtedly lead to the discove

294 s, we identified two previously unidentified T6SS effectors that contained a conserved motif.

295 formation, while low c-di-GMP levels unleash T6SS and T4SS to advance plant colonization.

296 Unlike T6SS and CDI systems, bacteriocins do not require contac

297 Here, we identified TecA, a non-VgrG T6SS effector responsible for actin disruption.

298 Our findings imply a potentially widespread T6SS-mediated mechanism, which deploys a single phosphol

299 T6SS-1 and TssM, a protein coregulated with T6SS-1.

300 in Enterobacteriaceae and often linked with T6SS genes.