ライフサイエンスコーパス: Y-chromosome

1 tions in a large portion of the p arm of the Y chromosome.

2 haplotypes and to resolve major parts of the Y chromosome.

3 cus on isolation and sequencing of the ovine Y chromosome.

4 basis of genetic interactions involving the Y chromosome.

5 the X chromosome and masculinization of the Y chromosome.

6 uman Y Chromosome, but not to the chimpanzee Y Chromosome.

7 res driving the evolution and biology of the Y chromosome.

8 nda, the species with the younger and larger Y chromosome.

9 d Y chromosomes leads to degeneration of the Y chromosome.

10 embly to generate a 15.87 Mb assembly of the Y chromosome.

11 impact can be attributed specifically to the Y chromosome.

12 quences as they are homologous to the bovine Y chromosome.

13 utation accumulation and degeneration of the Y chromosome.

14 fraction of leukocytes have lost the entire Y chromosome.

15 at now form the vast majority of non-African Y chromosomes.

16 anges in the overall genetic architecture of Y chromosomes.

17 equence alignments with human and chimpanzee Y Chromosomes.

18 he hominine (human, chimpanzee, and gorilla) Y Chromosomes.

19 trol strategies based on the manipulation of Y chromosomes.

20 recent or super-archaic origin of Neandertal Y chromosomes.

21 r, show that gene gain is prominent on young Y chromosomes.

22 No such genes were identified on the X and Y chromosomes.

23 ge lifespan is correlated with the number of Y chromosomes.

24 rize pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of X and Y chromosomes.

25 of 222 Native American and relevant Eurasian Y chromosomes (24 new) from haplogroups Q and C [10], wi

26 Here we trace gene-content evolution of Y-chromosomes across 22 Diptera species, using a subtrac

27 nant force shaping gene-content evolution of Y-chromosomes across fly species.While X-chromosome gene

28 known about Finns from other studies, e.g., Y-chromosome analyses and archaeology findings.

29 utosomal as well as mtDNA, X chromosome, and Y chromosome ancestries.

30 eed to the Thoroughbred racehorse, including Y chromosome ancestry.

31 studies found an immune regulatory role for Y chromosome and a relationship between loss of Y chromo

32 ltaTsix) (X(DeltaTsix)O) ESCs, excluding the Y chromosome and instead implicating the X-chromosome do

33 is-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY), on the Y chromosome and its X-homologue, TSPX, are cell cycle r

34 est that if there is common variation on the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA associated with behav

35 differed between males and females; however Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were not

36 s study we evaluated the association between Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups with sexu

37 Previous Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA markers provided no s

38 Unexpectedly, the interaction of the Y chromosome and one segment of D. mauritiana drasticall

39 Representation of the Y chromosome and other heterochromatic regions is partic

40 ted to produce adaptive interactions between Y chromosomes and the rest of the genome.

41 uggest these forces are not exclusive to the Y chromosome, and chromosomal degeneration may have occu

42 due to the presence of a large, repeat-rich Y chromosome, and male flies generally have a shorter av

43 Here we present genome-wide autosomal, Y chromosome, and mitochondrial DNA data from Iranian an

44 to influence which alleles are linked to the Y chromosome, and some recent empirical evidence in supp

45 described in 2003 as carrying haplogroup DE* Y chromosomes, and analyzing them in the context of a ca

46 me effects estimated across five rare sex (X/Y) chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) syndromes, and (3) clarif

47 ightward inferior frontal asymmetries, while Y-chromosome aneuploidy reversed normative rightward med

48 Using human Y chromosome antigen DBY, we showed that mutation of one

49 have X-linked homologs, the Drosophila X and Y chromosomes appear to be unrelated.

50 lies relative to females, and repeats on the Y chromosome are disproportionally mis-expressed during

51 mic scan, we show that gene transfers to the Y chromosome are much more common than previously suspec

52 reviously reported in at least one mammalian Y Chromosome are represented either as active genes or p

53 d genes annotation of the sheep (Ovis aries) Y chromosome are still absent.

54 e forces that led to the degeneration of the Y chromosome are unique in the genome.

55 to investigate this hypothesis, as the X and Y chromosomes are cytologically homomorphic and evolved

56 Y chromosomes are typically viewed as genetic wastelands

57 Y-chromosomes are characterized by abundant gene-loss an

58 eir autosomal origins, but most genes on old Y-chromosomes are not simply remnants of genes originall

59 es without bound CENP-B, including the human Y chromosome, are shown to mis-segregate in cells at rat

60 nes often coamplify on recently formed X and Y chromosomes, are testis-expressed, and produce antisen

61 to approximately 50 kya, thus excluding the Y chromosome as providing evidence for recent gene flow

62 Comparison of contiguous X and Y chromosome assemblies shows that hemizygosity underlie

63 ics, except for differential expression of a Y-chromosome associated mRNA transcript, Eif2s3y, and th

64 , including the history of the male-specific Y chromosome at this time.

65 In order to detect Y chromosome-autosome interactions, which may go unnotic

66 genetic maps and Sanger sequences of over 90 Y chromosome BAC clones.

67 e paternal X chromosome is shredded and only Y chromosome-bearing sperm are viable, resulting in a ma

68 wn, but it may reflect negative selection of Y chromosome-bearing sperm during spermatogenesis or mal

69 nappreciated epigenetic conflict on evolving Y chromosomes between transcription of essential genes a

70 sis of SCA reveals that supernumerary X- and Y-chromosomes both cause disproportionate reductions in

71 encing, assembly and annotation of the ovine Y chromosome, but also provide a validated approach to o

72 illa Y Chromosome to be similar to the human Y Chromosome, but not to the chimpanzee Y Chromosome.

73 ploid selection should oppose gene loss from Y chromosomes, but recent work on sex chromosomes of two

74 Few genes remain on old Y-chromosomes, but the number of inferred Y-genes varies

75 of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry.

76 osome, and a first draft assembly of the pig Y Chromosome, by sequencing BAC and fosmid clones from D

77 rise to males and females, indicating that a Y chromosome can be transmitted by XY females.

78 Our study supports the hypothesis that the Y chromosome can contribute significantly to the evoluti

79 s lends support to the idea that the 'toxic' Y chromosome can create a mutational burden in males whe

80 Repeat-rich Y chromosomes can act as reservoirs for TEs ('toxic' Y e

81 d gross chromosomal aneuploidy and (2) X and Y chromosomes can exert focal, nonoverlapping and direct

82 The latter inference is in accordance with Y chromosome (chrY) distributions in present day populat

83 ate from sequence data that the Chad R1b-V88 Y chromosomes coalesced 5,700-7,300 years ago.

84 We find three evolutionary strata on the Y chromosome, consistent with the three inversions ident

85 hic, we estimate that about one-third of the Y chromosome, containing 568 transcripts and spanning 22

86 Y chromosomes control essential male functions in many s

87 ins varied due to: (i) species origin of the Y chromosome (D. simulans or D. sechellia); (ii) locatio

88 suppressed recombination, and the degree of Y chromosome decay.

89 To compensate for the almost complete Y Chromosome degeneration, X-linked genes have become tw

90 Nevertheless, we found limited evidence for Y-chromosome degeneration in terms of gene loss and pseu

91 introduce a novel gene-drive strategy termed Y-CHromosome deletion using Orthogonal Programmable Endo

92 MKOs), due to partial redundancy with UTY, a Y-chromosome demethylase-dead homolog.

93 ic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes differ from the population relationships i

94 The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the

95 Despite their shared ancestry, mammalian Y chromosomes display enormous variation among species i

96 Y chromosomes display population variation within and be

97 Females are XX, and two slightly different Y chromosomes distinguish males (XY) and hermaphrodites

98 of the non-recombining region and increased Y chromosome divergence.

99 This estimate suggests that the Y-chromosome divergence mirrors the population divergenc

100 cale survey of autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosome diversity in 4,676 purebred dogs from 161 b

101 We tested baseline genital samples for Y chromosome DNA and HPV DNA using polymerase chain reac

102 Y chromosome DNA predicted type-specific HPV concordance

103 whether sexual risk factors and a biomarker (Y chromosome DNA) were associated with genital HPV partn

104 alyze approximately 120 kb of exome-captured Y-chromosome DNA from a Neandertal individual from El Si

105 on interchangeably, thus indicating that the Y chromosome does not harbor loci contributing to hybrid

106 blished the marked influence of both Yand X-/Y-chromosome dosage on total brain volume (TBV) and iden

107 quence can therefore lead to tissue-specific Y-Chromosome-driven sex biases in expression of critical

108 We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage grou

109 ubgroup largely confined to the inbred mouse Y chromosome.envvariations define three E-MLV subtypes,

110 Our results highlight the dynamic mode of Y chromosome evolution and open avenues for studies of m

111 Studies of Y Chromosome evolution have focused primarily on gene de

112 by to reveal mechanisms underlying pig X and Y Chromosome evolution.

113 romosome gene content tends to be conserved, Y-chromosome evolution is dynamic and difficult to recon

114 The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes approxima

115 Although the mammalian X and Y chromosomes evolved from a single pair of autosomes, t

116 cated in four variable-sized clusters on the Y chromosome, expressed in male germ cells and possibly

117 This study describes previously unknown Y chromosome-expressed lncRNA regulators of radiation re

118 Here we identify a group of Y chromosome-expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that

119 Cell fate analysis using Y-chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstra

120 The isolation of Y chromosomes followed by sequencing has been approved a

121 ional HP1D2 alleles that fail to prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis, thus providing evidence that t

122 e pig Y Chromosome, to compare the pig X and Y Chromosomes for homologous sequences, and thereby to r

123 reference of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome from Illumina short reads and then screened

124 distinguishing binary markers in 1,631 hg N Y chromosomes from a collection of 6,521 samples from 56

125 One consequence is that Y chromosomes from disparate populations could disrupt h

126 Sequencing Y chromosomes from two Denisovans and three Neanderthals

127 Y chromosome function, structure and evolution is poorly

128 there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity.

129 Therefore, Y chromosome gene flow between members of the gambiae co

130 Here, we show that Guy1, a unique Y chromosome gene of a major urban malaria mosquito Anop

131 y the presence of a transgene containing the Y chromosome gene Sry This sex-reversal provided clear e

132 Mutations in Deleted in Azoospermia (DAZ), a Y chromosome gene, are an important cause of human male

133 Here, we analyzed quantitative profiles of Y-Chromosome gene expression across 36 human tissues fro

134 Little is known about how human Y-Chromosome gene expression directly contributes to dif

135 testis, we report many instances of elevated Y-Chromosome gene expression in a nonreproductive tissue

136 We previously showed that the Y-chromosome gene, SRY, directly regulates adult brain f

137 in 22 Diptera species, revealing patterns of Y-chromosome gene-content evolution.

138 Here, we resolve the first Y chromosome genealogy of modern horses by screening 1.4

139 istence of functional redundancy between the Y chromosome genes and their homologs encoded on other c

140 in sexual differentiation and reproduction, Y chromosome genes are rarely described because they res

141 uito relative, suggesting rapid evolution of Y chromosome genes in this highly dynamic genus of malar

142 The resulting males with no Y chromosome genes produced haploid male gametes and sir

143 as from female XY mice selectively expressed Y chromosome genes, whereas genes known to escape X inac

144 Although it is often said that Y-Chromosome genes are lowly expressed outside the testi

145 One individual carried the deeply divergent Y chromosome haplogroup A00, which today is found almost

146 Y-chromosome Haplogroup O2a1c-002611 is one of the domin

147 ondrial DNA haplogroups and 4,788 males with Y chromosome haplogroups who are part of the Avon Longit

148 Five Y chromosome haplotypes were evaluated and demonstrated

149 continuity through time, including the same Y-chromosome haplotypes reoccurring.

150 ether, our results suggest that the M. annua Y chromosome has at least two evolutionary strata: a sma

151 The Drosophila Y chromosome has been gradually acquiring genes from the

152 enon is in the Japanese spiny rat, where the Y chromosome has disappeared altogether.

153 e find that the presence of a heterospecific Y chromosome has no significant effect on the expression

154 omplete sequence assemblies of heteromorphic Y chromosomes have only been generated across a handful

155 First, the X and Y chromosomes have unique and specific genetic effects a

156 r histocompatibility antigens encoded on the Y chromosome (HY-Abs) develop after hematopoietic cell t

157 ally purify a genetically labeled A. gambiae Y chromosome in an A. arabiensis background.

158 ructure and highly repetitive content of the Y chromosome in Anopheles malaria mosquitoes.

159 illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of the Y chromosome in Drosophila and other species.

160 t the CRISPR/Cas12a system can eliminate the Y chromosome in embryonic stem cells with high efficienc

161 erous studies have implicated changes in the Y chromosome in male cancers, yet few have investigated

162 HP1D2 accumulates on the heterochromatic Y chromosome in male germ cells, strongly suggesting tha

163 Assessment of Y chromosome in NSCLC tissue microarrays and expression

164 ach to overcoming difficulties in sequencing Y chromosome in other mammalian species.

165 y, the profound degradation of the ancestral Y chromosome in P. picta is counterbalanced by the evolu

166 asing appreciation for the role of the human Y chromosome in phenotypic differences between the sexes

167 basis of the evolutionary divergence of the Y chromosome in the gambiae complex is complicated by co

168 sex-specific chromosomes [1, 2], such as the Y chromosomes in mammals [3] or W chromosomes in birds [

169 ination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict.

170 o re-investigate their divergence times from Y chromosomes in other continents, including a compariso

171 Divergence between the X and Y Chromosomes in regulatory sequence can therefore lead

172 the findings through FISH analysis of X and Y chromosomes in sex-discordant transplants.

173 Indeed, haploid and repetitive Y chromosomes in species with male heterogamety (XY), an

174 ferences between Neandertal and modern human Y chromosomes, including potentially damaging changes to

175 ertal lineage as an outgroup to modern human Y chromosomes-including A00, the highly divergent basal

176 The Y chromosome is a unique genetic environment defined by

177 have shown that genetic variation within the Y chromosome is associated with cholesterol levels, whic

178 The mammalian Y chromosome is considered a symbol of maleness, as it e

179 tosomes, they are highly differentiated: the Y chromosome is dramatically smaller than the X and has

180 The Y chromosome is frequently lost in hematopoietic cells,

181 ere reproductive phenotype than a male whose Y chromosome is from an unexposed male.

182 t spread of recombination suppression on the Y chromosome is fueled by the accumulation of sexually a

183 Analysis of the Y chromosome is the best-established way to reconstruct

184 estor (TMRCA) of Neandertal and modern human Y chromosomes is approximately 588 thousand years ago (k

185 s', whose interest in resequencing their own Y chromosomes is generating a wealth of new data.

186 yet the nature of the gene repertoire of fly Y-chromosomes is largely unknown.

187 46.49%, indicating the success in the ovine Y chromosome isolation and the high quality of the Y chr

188 Several unique features of the Y chromosome--its lack of a homologous partner for cross

189 sequence elements present on the A. gambiae Y chromosome itself.

190 Suppression of recombination between X and Y chromosomes leads to degeneration of the Y chromosome.

191 termining factor (M factor) located within a Y chromosome-like region called the M locus.

192 ctions of changes, including testing whether Y chromosome-like regions are undergoing genetic degener

193 It brought to Africa a Y chromosome lineage (R1b-V88) whose closest relatives a

194 at have shaped the vast extent of this major Y chromosome lineage across numerous linguistically and

195 s of genome-wide SNP data [4]; and second, a Y chromosome lineage designated haplogroup C( *), presen

196 rse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestic

197 e TMRCA of A00 and other extant modern human Y-chromosome lineages.

198 Among the altered loci of Y chromosome-linked genes, KDM5D, which encodes Lys (K)-

199 olleagues report a micropeptide encoded by a Y chromosome-linked lncRNA that may explain the higher i

200 To date, Y chromosome-linked long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are p

201 In many insects, maleness is conferred by a Y chromosome-linked M factor of unknown nature.

202 gulation of male sexual differentiation by a Y chromosome-linked male determining factor (M-factor) i

203 d most are related to a distinctive, largely Y-chromosome-linked MLV ERV subtype.

204 nge of mouse genotypes with deletions on the Y chromosome long arm.

205 sive genetic decay has resulted in the human Y chromosome losing 97% of its ancestral genes while gen

206 some cancer-related associations with mosaic Y chromosome loss.See related article by Wu et al., p.

207 lignancy, smoking behavior, telomere length, Y-chromosome loss, and other phenotypic characteristics.

208 hromosome and a relationship between loss of Y chromosome (LOY) in blood cells and a higher risk of c

209 locations of the sex-determining loci on its Y chromosome map.

210 at the Guanches carried common North African Y chromosome markers (E-M81, E-M78, and J-M267) and mito

211 Here, we use Y-chromosome markers combined with autosomal data to rec

212 mprising the complete mitochondrial genomes, Y-chromosome markers, and genotypes of a number of nucle

213 Genetic testing was performed to exclude Y chromosome microdeletions.

214 ined on both X chromosome heterozygosity and Y chromosome missingness, that consistently demonstrated

215 onducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of Y chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, and whole-genome sequen

216 Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) in peripheral leukocytes is a somati

217 Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) is the most frequently detected soma

218 el ovine SNPs of the male-specific region of Y chromosome (MSY) by genome mapping.

219 The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this quest

220 analysis of the male-specific region of the Y Chromosome (MSY) has not yet been undertaken.

221 g 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds.

222 the genes on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in these processes are uncertain.

223 sessing an identical X chromosome and CNV in Y chromosome multicopy genes exhibit sperm head abnormal

224 sociated with copy number variation (CNV) in Y chromosome multicopy genes.

225 The properties of the human Y chromosome - namely, male specificity, haploidy and es

226 increased formation of endothelial cells and Y-chromosome(NEG) CPCs for 12 months and increased forma

227 ve investigated the biological importance of Y chromosome noncoding RNA.

228 es mitochondrial (mtDNA) and non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) haplotypes to eliminate many pedigree

229 super-resolution sequencing, we explore the Y Chromosome of Bos taurus (bull) and find it to be domi

230 as the fertility is partially rescued by the Y chromosome of D. sechellia when it descends from a spe

231 uplication of the autosomal gene vig2 to the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

232 The neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda initially contained a

233 content and structure of the nonrecombining Y chromosome of the primary African malaria mosquito, An

234 owever, we lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because the

235 sovans and three Neanderthals shows that the Y chromosomes of Denisovans split around 700 thousand ye

236 two Drosophila species with vastly different Y chromosomes of different ages.

237 sed the ability to differentiate between the Y chromosomes of father-son pairs, and imputed Y-STR gen

238 The Y chromosomes of great apes represent a particular puzzl

239 tegy for sequencing and assembling mammalian Y Chromosomes of sufficient quality for most comparative

240 despite their radically different structure, Y chromosomes of these two species of the gambiae comple

241 negative correlation between the loss of the Y chromosome or linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 and overall survival.

242 Studies of the Y chromosome over the past few decades have opened a win

243 s race" (genomic conflict) between the X and Y chromosomes over the control of offspring sex ratio.

244 ells were traced in female recipient mice by Y chromosome painting.

245 The mammalian male-specific Y chromosome plays a critical role in sex determination

246 In this study, the role that the Y chromosome plays in creating such heterogeneity is exp

247 he unbiased comparison between the mtDNA and Y-chromosome population datasets emphasizes the sex-bias

248 Some transplanted (Y-chromosome(POS)) CPCs (or their progeny) persisted and

249 ere phenotypically female; however, 58% were Y chromosome-positive, resembling the phenotype of human

250 romosomes evolved in parallel with mammalian Y chromosomes, preserving ancestral genes through select

251 Based on mitochondrial and Y-chromosome profiling, the two individuals carrying B19

252 ing for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes, and the hemochromatosis C28

253 We report the sequences of 1,244 human Y chromosomes randomly ascertained from 26 worldwide pop

254 results indicated that 68.90% of reads were Y chromosome-related sequences as they are homologous to

255 theme that promises to broaden the reach of Y-chromosome research by shedding light on fundamental s

256 Two biological themes have defined Y-chromosome research over the past six decades: testis

257 Y-chromosome resequencing studies in Europe have highlig

258 events, most likely inversions, reduced the Y chromosome's ability to recombine with the X chromosom

259 gins to emerge from recent insights into the Y chromosome's roles beyond the reproductive tract--a th

260 ects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented

261 over, we have utilized the assembled gorilla Y Chromosome sequence to design genetic markers for stud

262 The mammalian Y Chromosome sequence, critical for studying male fertil

263 in 340 samples from 17 populations for which Y-chromosome sequence data are also available.

264 gene families, making it the most gene-dense Y Chromosome sequenced to date.

265 by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of Y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model

266 mosome isolation and the high quality of the Y chromosome sequences.

267 The paucity of whole Y-chromosome sequences precluded conclusive identificati

268 explored by testing the hypothesis that the Y chromosome serves as a carrier of the exposure impact

269 ce recombination is halted between the X and Y chromosomes, sex chromosomes begin to differentiate an

270 h demand for forensic pedigree searches with Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) profiling in la

271 fferential replication licensing or X versus Y chromosome size, but rather to 'maleness'-XX embryos c

272 Young Y-chromosomes still show clear evidence of their autosom

273 ncing data to estimate the mutation rates of Y chromosome STRs (Y-STRs) with 2-6 bp repeat units that

274 he GUY1 protein is a primary signal from the Y chromosome that affects embryonic development in a sex

275 his hypothesis implies that a male who has a Y chromosome that is from a male that was exposed to an

276 We propose that, like the human Y chromosome, the chicken W chromosome is essential for

277 teractions between the species origin of the Y chromosome, the identity of the D. mauritiana segment

278 programmable endonuclease that 'shreds' the Y chromosome, thereby converting XY males into fertile X

279 ly between species, revealing the Drosophila Y chromosome to be more dynamic than previously apprecia

280 Surprisingly, we found the gorilla Y Chromosome to be similar to the human Y Chromosome, bu

281 genes limiting malaria transmission, driving-Y chromosomes to collapse a mosquito population, and gen

282 Here, we sequence 13 Aboriginal Australian Y chromosomes to re-investigate their divergence times f

283 address the contribution of 'heterospecific Y chromosomes' to fertility in hybrid males carrying a h

284 --both single copy and amplified--on the pig Y Chromosome, to compare the pig X and Y Chromosomes for

285 may also occur, both on the non-recombining Y chromosome, to shut down expression of maladapted gene

286 structural variants and can assign sex using Y-chromosome-unique probes.

287 n the basis of 94 high-coverage re-sequenced Y chromosomes, we establish and date a detailed hg N phy

288 The isolated (~80,000) Y chromosomes were verified by fluorescence quantitative

289 nic activation of RBMY (RNA-binding motif on Y chromosome), which is absent in normal hepatocytes but

290 variation of the P8 palindrome on the human Y chromosome, which contains two copies of the VCY (Vari

291 cytogenetic similarity to DFT1 and carries a Y chromosome, which contrasts with the female origin of

292 eespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) Y chromosome, which is less than 26 million years old an

293 eage shared by Neanderthals and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370

294 encing of sex-linked genes on both the X and Y chromosomes, which is a requirement of all current met

295 Second, males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.

296 ore, the house fly is expected to have X and Y Chromosomes with different gene content.

297 Here, we report the variation of 486 Y-chromosomes within the Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Lev

298 IV, and Crus I volumes with additional X- or Y-chromosomes; X-specific contraction of Crus II-lobule

299 ice harboring a Mus musculus domesticus-type Y chromosome (Y (POS) ), known as B6.Y (POS) mice, commo

300 Partial deletions of the Y chromosome (Yq) that reduce Sly copy number lead to gl