ライフサイエンスコーパス: YLL

1 YLL rates for total cardiovascular disease caused by hig

2 YLLs (main outcome) were calculated using 2019 single ye

3 YLLs from lower respiratory infections and diarrhoea dec

4 YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden

5 YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific

6 YLLs were computed for each scenario using the Global Bu

7 an estimated 111 464 (range, 52 454-295 051) YLL due to pandemic-associated delay in melanoma diagnos

8 In 2017, YLLs constituted the majority of DALYs in the 21 countri

9 Between Jan 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2019, YLLs lowered in almost all subnational regions.

10 As of January 6, 2021, YLL in heavily affected countries are 2-9 times the aver

11 mean (SD) of 9.46 (8.08) DALYs, 5.72 (8.29) YLL, and 3.74 (5.95) YLD.

12 ty occurred, from a regional average of 88.4 YLL per 100 000 (95% uncertainty interval 88.2-88.6) in

13 olled blood pressure (-31.6 [-43.8 to -19.4] YLL per 100 000 people per 1% increase).

14 micide deaths (3.1 fewer YLL/death) and 4414 YLL from suicide deaths (2.8 YLL/death) for Black NC res

15 predicts that for 10% increase in aPM(2.5), YLL increases by 16.7%.

16 [UI] 0.86-0.94) to 1.45 million (1.38-1.54); YLLs from 31.0 million (29.6-32.6) to 41.6 million (39.1

17 LLs among males and 22.2 billion (20.1-24.6) YLLs among females over this period.

18 h raised blood pressure (49.1 [22.6 to 75.6] YLL per 100 000 people per 1% increase).

19 ,540 (95% confidence interval: 1,350, 1,630) YLL after adjustment for age and underlying risk factors

20 nt with the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching 11.7 YLL per 1000 population.

21 -related inequality, from an excess of 191.7 YLL per 100 000 (68.6-314.8) between the poorest and ric

22 0 000 population, distributed between 43 708 YLLs (41 673-45 742) and 9862 YLDs (7331-12 749) per 100

23 death) and 4414 YLL from suicide deaths (2.8 YLL/death) for Black NC residents.

24 oorest and richest countries in 1990 to 66.8 YLL per 100 000 (6.4-127.2) in 2017.

25 of 265.6 million YLLs, 182.8 million (68.8%) YLLs were due to premature deaths from cancer globally i

26 whom the YLL nearly tripled, from 1.5 to 3.9 YLL per 1000 population.

27 rtension on treatment (-21.0 [-33.0 to -8.9] YLL per 100 000 people per 1% increase) and with control

28 ent resulted in an underestimation of 14 907 YLL from homicide deaths (3.1 fewer YLL/death) and 4414

29 ERs were: $31, $138, and $118 per additional YLL averted; and BCRs were 62, 29, and 9, respectively.

30 CERs were: $31, $138 and $118 per additional YLL averted; and BCRs were 62, 29, and 9, respectively.

31 The total additional YLLs across these cancers is estimated to be 59 204-63 2

32 When covalently conjugated to alendronate, YLLs acquire an additional function resulting in a "tri-

33 ificant associations between daily PM2.5 and YLL: each 10 mug/m3 increase in three-day-averaged (lag0

34 ues obtained from the PM(2.5) averaging, and YLL data were processed for the whole population in the

35 was found between overweight or obesity and YLL.

36 The age-standardised DALY rate and YLL rate attributable to air pollution were more than 60

37 in the associations between temperature and YLL before and after 2013 heat waves (period I: Jan 2008

38 e tables vastly underestimated total YLL and YLL per death for non-Hispanic Black NC residents.

39 We calculated total YLL and YLL per death from suicide and homicide deaths for non-H

40 We found that YLL and YLL/death from suicide and homicide deaths for non-Hispa

41 se-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs), and YLLs calculated using corresponding national life expect

42 The deaths and YLLs for cardiovascular disease attributable to high sys

43 , household income, and risk of poverty) and YLLs in 2019 using negative binomial mixed models.

44 were calculated with disability weights, and YLLs were calculated by comparing the age at death to th

45 DALYs) were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs.

46 direct (in US$) and indirect (calculated as YLL plus years lost due to disability [YLD] and disabili

47 ong positive correlation (r = 0.911) between YLL rate and aPM(2.5) pollution in 2019 in Europe.

48 life lost (YLLs) and the association between YLLs and socioeconomic factors, such as household income

49 s for health economic calculations comparing YLLs.

50 We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cau

51 75-808) and 141 million (131-154) cumulative YLLs would be avoided among males and females, respectiv

52 billion (95% UI 1.90-2.21) fewer cumulative YLLs by 2050 compared with the reference scenario, and l

53 air pollution parameters, as well as DALYs, YLL, and mortality related to air pollution, also taking

54 ere obese vs not obese, which was designated YLL.

55 d sex differences were observed in estimated YLL.

56 Excess YLL during the pandemic period were calculated by subtra

57 763,550 (95% CI: 696,826 to 830,273) excess YLL in England and Wales, equivalent to a 15% (95% CI: 1

58 ong deprivation gradient in all-cause excess YLL, with rates per 100,000 population ranging from 916

59 iability in both all-cause and direct excess YLL by region, with the highest rates in the North West.

60 The differences in excess YLL between deprivation quintiles were greatest in young

61 eries models, were used to estimate expected YLL by sex, geographical region, and deprivation quintil

62 f 14 907 YLL from homicide deaths (3.1 fewer YLL/death) and 4414 YLL from suicide deaths (2.8 YLL/dea

63 8.5 to 130.7]), with a 70% contribution from YLL (39.1 out of 55.7 per 100 000).

64 sorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID

65 weight, younger adults generally had greater YLL than did older adults.

66 The greatest YLL savings would be achieved by targeting different age

67 comprised a larger share of DALYs than have YLLs.

68 showed that older people (> 64) had a higher YLL index than the groups aged under 64 years.

69 The highest YLLs were observed in subnational regions with the lowes

70 understand the impact of race adjustment in YLL estimation.

71 demonstrates the potential scale of bias in YLL estimation if underlying risk factors are ignored.

72 lent to a 15% (95% CI: 14 to 16) increase in YLL compared to the equivalent time period in 2019.

73 omic and geographical health inequalities in YLL, during the first calendar year of the COVID-19 pand

74 ased YLL and only severe obesity resulted in YLL.

75 Differences in YLLs remain within, and between, EEA countries and are a

76 uated and sometimes reversed by increases in YLLs associated with malaria and diarrhoea, reducing the

77 Relative geographical inequalities in YLLs among women were highest in the UK (Gini coefficien

78 e generally not associated with an increased YLL and only severe obesity resulted in YLL.

79 le, and the hazard was then transformed into YLL using the Gompertz law of mortality.

80 The optimal BMI (associated with the least YLL or greatest longevity) is approximately 23 to 25 for

81 We calculate years of life lost (YLL) across 81 countries due to COVID-19 attributable de

82 sted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL) and mortality attributable to air pollution for 43

83 project the age-specific years of life lost (YLL) and saved in a future pandemic, on the basis of mor

84 To determine expected years of life lost (YLL) and treatment trajectory for kidney failure in chil

85 ved with disability, and years of life lost (YLL) as measures of rheumatic heart disease burden using

86 al age and the number of years of life lost (YLL) associated with a fracture.

87 The number of years of life lost (YLL) at three ages (30, 50, 70 years) was found by compa

88 We measured years of life lost (YLL) attributable to the pandemic, directly or indirectl

89 n's groups was US$114 per year of life lost (YLL) averted and that of peer counsellors was $33 per YL

90 he benefits as the total years of life lost (YLL) due to post-operative mortality averted over a 3 ye

91 he benefits as the total years of life lost (YLL) due to postoperative mortality averted over a 3 yea

92 Second, the total years of life lost (YLL) due to unintentional opioid toxicity was estimated,

93 the published studies of years of life lost (YLL) have typically ignored the presence of underlying c

94 ty, causes of death, and years of life lost (YLL) in all 33 province-level administrative units in ma

95 life remaining (ELR) and years of life lost (YLL) indices in Ratchaburi province during the years 201

96 calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) owing to premature mortality and years of healthy l

97 timated age-standardised years of life lost (YLL) per 100 000 population due to premature avertable m

98 fic mortality rates, and years of life lost (YLL) rates from 152 causes of death for 397 census tract

99 Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated and were, together with cost data,

100 alence, 2) mortality, 3) years of life lost (YLL), 4) years lost to disability (YLD), 5) disability-a

101 adjusted and -unadjusted years of life lost (YLL), a measure of societal burden, to understand the im

102 tality ratios (SMRs) and years of life lost (YLL), and we tested for associations with socioeconomic

103 DALYs, years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) were analyze

104 between temperature and years of life lost (YLL), limited evidence is available regarding the effect

105 te matter, mortality and years of life lost (YLL), population, and non-fatal burden.

106 expectancy expressed as years of life lost (YLL), using data on British adults.

107 urden of disease through years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), deaths,

108 between daily PM2.5 and years of life lost (YLL); at the second stage, a random-effects meta-analysi

109 nequalities in all-cause years of life lost (YLLs) and the association between YLLs and socioeconomic

110 We calculated years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 2017 us

111 calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).

112 ated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).

113 to cancer, and the total years of life lost (YLLs) compared with pre-pandemic data.

114 h disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) due to anaemia, malaria, and diarrhoea averted (or

115 sed mortality rates, and years of life lost (YLLs) due to cardiovascular disease and its subcategorie

116 2017 list of causes, the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death were calculated.

117 and nearly 4.30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021.

118 while in isolation) and years of life lost (YLLs) prevented under rapid and low transmission scenari

119 adjusted cancer-specific years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated for 36 cancer types.

120 Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer

121 with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and DALYs.

122 with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 37

123 ses, such as calculating years of life lost (YLLs), may need to distribute or weight those low-resolu

124 tality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with a disability (YLDs), and disabil

125 life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disabilit

126 ause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-ad

127 tality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-ad

128 tality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-ad

129 tality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-ad

130 lation models of YLDs to years of life lost (YLLs).

131 ed in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs).

132 remature mortality using years of life lost (YLLs).

133 3 [95% CI 38.8 to 129.9] years of life lost [YLL] per 100 000 people per mm Hg increase) and the perc

134 ith disability [YLD] and years of life lost [YLL]) attributable to the independent effects of 67 risk

135 disability" (YLDs) and "years of life lost" (YLLs) attributable to conflict-related intentional injur

136 reas with relatively high and relatively low YLL rates differed by cause.

137 esults estimated that the highest and lowest YLL in the next 10 years for all age groups would be 24,

138 aramix methods estimated up to twice as many YLLs averted as the paramix approach, which would likely

139 with severe levels of obesity had a maximum YLL of 20 for men and 5 for women.

140 The maximum YLL for white men aged 20 to 30 years with a severe leve

141 Mean YLL for natural-cause deaths was 25.9 years (25.7-26.0)

142 For individuals who died of any cause, mean YLL was 31.4 years (95% CI 30.5-32.2) for male patients

143 ll cancers, or 29.7 million of 171.3 million YLLs), whereas cervical cancer led in low HDI countries

144 combination, or 14.9 million of 58.5 million YLLs).

145 ated all-ages cancer burden of 265.6 million YLLs, 182.8 million (68.8%) YLLs were due to premature d

146 ble cancers, or 1.83 million of 6.93 million YLLs).

147 able to YLLs, rather than YLDs, 4.99 million YLLs lost (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.87 million to

148 eneral, causes of death responsible for more YLLs overall also contributed more significantly to geog

149 ars of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) in 2010, similar to what was estimated for 1990, e

150 ars of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) were computed by multiplying the number of deaths

151 ars of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and life expectancy by age and sex for 1990, 2005

152 Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted.

153 8%-1.32%) and 0.41% (95% CI: 0.28%-0.54%) of YLL could be attributable to the PM2.5 exposure at the n

154 The estimation of YLL with correction for underlying risk factors in addit

155 The number of YLL due to heat-related respiratory mortality was signif

156 nted an attenuating trend, and the number of YLL due to non-accidental mortality was significantly lo

157 The number of YLL ranged from 16 to 32 years, with the greatest loss a

158 action (AF), which denoted the proportion of YLL attributable to a higher-than-standards daily mean P

159 Rates of YLL by cause also varied substantially among census trac

160 y shows that the baked-in underestimation of YLL for non-Hispanic Black Americans when using race-adj

161 ory infections remained the leading cause of YLLs in 2010 (9.2%).

162 In 2013, the leading cause of YLLs was ischaemic heart disease, and the leading cause

163 From 1990 to 2013, leading causes of YLLs changed substantially.

164 liver cancer were the five leading causes of YLLs in 2017.

165 itional causes remain the dominant causes of YLLs in sub-Saharan Africa.

166 birth complications as the leading causes of YLLs.

167 The Gini coefficient of YLLs across all EEA regions was 14.2% (95% CI 13.6-14.8)

168 cable diseases accounted for the majority of YLLs, representing between 56% and 65% across the five c

169 ases and injuries with the largest number of YLLs in 2010 were ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, s

170 (HDI) levels all had greater proportions of YLLs at premature ages than very high HDI countries (68.

171 large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders.

172 -years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs.

173 tive 29.3 billion (95% UI 26.8-32.4) overall YLLs among males and 22.2 billion (20.1-24.6) YLLs among

174 nditions that contribute the most to overall YLLs and to inequality.

175 ntributed more to inequality than to overall YLLs.

176 ocietal willingness to pay of US$100 000 per YLL averted and a price of $5 per test, the strategy mos

177 ted and that of peer counsellors was $33 per YLL averted, using stratified data from single intervent

178 uction number (R(e)), willingness to pay per YLL averted, and cost of a test, to estimate the probabi

179 s reporting the largest numbers in potential YLL.

180 ple regression model for reliably predicting YLL using aPM(2.5) and household air pollution.

181 leading contributor to preventable premature YLLs in medium to very high HDI countries (17.4% of all

182 ill needed to be made to reduce heat-related YLL even after periods of extreme heat.

183 states, this trend corresponded with rising YLL rates from interpersonal violence and chronic kidney

184 alysis of life expectancy and cause-specific YLL rates highlights important differences in health amo

185 ce scenarios on all-cause and cause-specific YLLs and life expectancy at birth until 2050.

186 urden rapidly climbed, with age-standardised YLL and DALY rates increasing more than 130% by 2013.

187 We examined trends in age-standardised YLL due to avertable and non-avertable NCDs, assessed th

188 ms og Finnmark had a higher age-standardised YLL rate than the national rate (8394 per 100 000 [95% U

189 Nationally, age-standardised YLL rates for diarrhoeal diseases and protein-energy mal

190 Age-standardised YLL rates for ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stro

191 Age-standardised YLL rates per 100 000 population were estimated from 200

192 e-standardised death rates, age-standardised YLL rates, and life expectancy in 1990, and its relative

193 assessed the UK's rank for age-standardised YLLs and DALYs for their leading causes compared with EU

194 ignificantly lower rates of age-standardised YLLs for road injury, diabetes, liver cancer, and chroni

195 Rates of age-standardised YLLs reduced by 41.1% (38.3-43.6), whereas DALYs were re

196 from 18th to 27th, for the age-standardized YLL rate from 23rd to 28th, for the age-standardized YLD

197 Age-standardized YLL rates increased for Alzheimer disease, drug use diso

198 nce 1990; ischaemic heart disease and stroke YLLs increased by 17-28%.

199 ps, including ill-defined deaths, and summed YLLs and YLDs to calculate disability-adjusted life-year

200 ect of temporal variation on the temperature-YLL relationship, especially in developing countries.

201 We found that YLL and YLL/death from suicide and homicide deaths for n

202 The YLL due to opioid toxicity increased 276% over the study

203 ge seasonal influenza; three quarters of the YLL result from deaths in ages below 75 and almost a thi

204 s figure is approximately 25% lower than the YLL estimate of 2,080 derived after adjustment for age b

205 on of those aged 15 to 19 years, in whom the YLL nearly tripled, from 1.5 to 3.9 YLL per 1000 populat

206 For the first time, YLL have been quantified for different values of WHtR.

207 females) systems were major contributors to YLL from natural causes.

208 majority of DALYs lost were attributable to YLLs, rather than YLDs, 4.99 million YLLs lost (95% unce

209 the almost complete attribution of DALYs to YLLs.

210 stomach, and lung), contributed much more to YLLs in 2013 compared with 1990.

211 Together, YLL and YLD constitute the overall disease burden, rangi

212 We calculated total YLL and YLL per death from suicide and homicide deaths f

213 sted life tables vastly underestimated total YLL and YLL per death for non-Hispanic Black NC resident

214 e has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably

215 Furthermore, using YLL provided complementary information for identifying v

216 While YLL plateaued between 2017 and 2019, it increased by 62.

217 estimation of upstaging rate, estimated YLD, YLL, and DALY for each European country, absolute direct

218 sability (YLDs) for 2017 using published YLD-YLL ratios from WHO Global Health Estimates.