ライフサイエンスコーパス: aboveground

1 ii) responses belowground would mirror those aboveground.

2 d follow the same patterns as those observed aboveground.

3 Most analyses have focused on aboveground adult plant traits, but in warming and dryin

4 Here we show how aboveground adults and belowground larvae of the tallow

5 Conspecific aboveground adults facilitate belowground larvae, but ot

6 important mediators of interactions between aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) pathogens, arthrop

7 lsewhere, N addition significantly increased aboveground (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB), litter

8 Canopy warming caused a large shift in aboveground allocation by stimulating season-long vegeta

9 We determined the associations between plant aboveground and belowground (root) distributions and the

10 All modelling that includes major aboveground and belowground biomass pools shows a long-t

11 The aboveground and belowground biomass, and foliar Bt prote

12 Interactions between aboveground and belowground biota have the potential to

13 independently, yet their combined effect on aboveground and belowground C storage remains largely un

14 enever possible, simultaneously measure both aboveground and belowground CO2 fluxes.

15 Livestock grazing often alters aboveground and belowground communities of grasslands an

16 hibition to co-occur, likely shaping diverse aboveground and belowground communities.

17 Over time, aboveground and belowground community composition became

18 art inter- and intraspecific interactions in aboveground and belowground compartments.

19 Considering both the aboveground and belowground effects of woody encroachmen

20 Aboveground and belowground factors play important roles

21 Conspecific and heterospecific aboveground and belowground herbivores often occur toget

22 arbon density of 140 +/- 9 MgC ha(-1) in the aboveground and belowground live trees.

23 formation pertaining to the diversity of the aboveground and belowground microbes associated with pla

24 trophic groups and, to a similar degree, in aboveground and belowground parts of the ecosystem, even

25 ral abundance delta(13) C and Delta(14) C of aboveground and belowground plant material, and of young

26 This difference is reflected in both aboveground and belowground plant traits and is robust t

27 However, NSC in older aboveground and belowground tissues was enriched in (14)

28 ground groups responded differently to those aboveground and had weaker responses to most forest feat

29 kely due to the large accumulation of carbon aboveground and in the surface soil.

30 inant respiration sources shifted from plant aboveground and young soil respiration to old soil respi

31 Furthermore, low P limited plant aboveground, belowground, and total biomass responses to

32 We documented different patterns of aboveground-belowground diversity relationships in these

33 negative consequences by restoring positive aboveground-belowground interactions.

34 This study sheds new light on the potential aboveground-belowground linkage in natural ecosystems, w

35 wground contributes significantly to shaping aboveground biodiversity and the functioning of terrestr

36 The consequences of deforestation for aboveground biodiversity have been a scientific and poli

37 Positive impacts of aboveground biodiversity on belowground communities and

38 The majority of studies have considered aboveground biodiversity, yet little is known about whet

39 mperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectar

40 combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Proceedings of the National A

41 re, we present the first field assessment of aboveground biomass (AGB) across three main forest types

42 tions to examine changes in distribution and aboveground biomass (AGB) among five different forest ty

43 We examined the relationship of aboveground biomass (AGB) and diversity of adult trees w

44 Deadwood is a major component of aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests and is imp

45 field and remote sensing data, total forest aboveground biomass (AGB) lost to the storms was estimat

46 Increases in aboveground biomass (AGB) were much larger when mortalit

47 osphorus (SAP), soil NH4(+)-N, soil NO3(-)N, aboveground biomass (AGB), coverage, height, and litter

48 is treatment also prompted a 23% increase in aboveground biomass and a 49% increase in foliar N pools

49 Aboveground biomass and density of the understory decrea

50 at the end of the vegetative stage and lower aboveground biomass and grain yield measured in fully ma

51 leaf mass per area) and performance proxies (aboveground biomass and growth rate) each season over a

52 so restrain dust storms through accumulating aboveground biomass and increasing surface roughness.

53 cantly changed the direction of selection on aboveground biomass and inflorescence height in well-wat

54 We quantified the changes in aboveground biomass and NPP resulting from (i) observed

55 develop an approach to estimate basal area, aboveground biomass and productivity within Amazonia by

56 Aboveground biomass and root growth were also limited wi

57 arcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have bee

58 Seed addition enhanced aboveground biomass and species richness compared with n

59 mass turnover and negatively associated with aboveground biomass and the density of large trees (tree

60 nd raise new questions regarding the role of aboveground biomass as a source of atmospheric H2 and me

61 Secondly, we quantify differences in aboveground biomass between mangroves of different types

62 ontributed substantially to the variation in aboveground biomass but much less in growth rate and lea

63 ped to predict tree height, stem volume, and aboveground biomass components for loblolly pine (Pinus

64 this species explained 91% of the change in aboveground biomass during the 5 year period.

65 e thresholds are approximately 25 and 15% of aboveground biomass for switchgrass and miscanthus, resp

66 increased the treatment effect of eCO(2) on aboveground biomass from a 21% to a 27% increase.

67 The 3-PG model predicted that aboveground biomass growth and net primary productivity

68 tern Canada from 1958 to 2011, we found that aboveground biomass growth increased over time in specie

69 We quantify how variables influence aboveground biomass growth of individual trees from a re

70 opy structure (height, gaps, and layers) and aboveground biomass in both lowland Amazonian and montan

71 The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests h

72 In regrowth stands, aboveground biomass increased rapidly during the first 2

73 frequency are predicted to cause additional aboveground biomass loss and reductions in forest extent

74 ed in species-poor forests, and importantly, aboveground biomass loss from tree mortality was smaller

75 est-sensitive species will lead to losses in aboveground biomass of between 2.5-5.8% on average, with

76 ight and crown diameter jointly quantify the aboveground biomass of individual trees and find that a

77 models for estimating both the diameter and aboveground biomass of trees from attributes which can b

78 avouring the allocation of photosynthates to aboveground biomass over allocation to roots.

79 Here, four species traits and aboveground biomass production (ABP) were considered.

80 o estimate GHG emissions, the tree and grass aboveground biomass production and carbon storage in dif

81 Aboveground biomass recovery after 20 years varied 11.3-

82 Aboveground biomass recovery after 20 years was on avera

83 Here we analyse aboveground biomass recovery during secondary succession

84 ited stronger attenuation effect of low P on aboveground biomass response to eCO(2) than non-woody pl

85 ncrease in leaf area by 14.3%, mirroring the aboveground biomass response, but low P did not affect t

86 ic spatiotemporal variability in terrestrial aboveground biomass stem growth across Canada's boreal f

87 Aboveground biomass stocks on peat accumulated at ~6.39

88 Aboveground biomass stocks took a median time of 66 year

89 otype diversity had weak positive effects on aboveground biomass through complementarity effects, whe

90 s grown with more stress-tolerant fungi, and aboveground biomass was enhanced by fungi from warmer an

91 ng duration was reduced by 0.30-0.60%, total aboveground biomass was reduced by 0.37-0.43%, and grain

92 ct the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, a

93 50 cm accounting for on average 59% of live aboveground biomass, 45% of woody productivity and 49% o

94 em productivity: a remote sensing product of aboveground biomass, an net primary productivity (NPP) r

95 the C stored in VCE globally (70-185 Tg C in aboveground biomass, and 1,055-1,540 Tg C in the upper 1

96 tions in grain filling duration, final total aboveground biomass, and grain yield, as well as the obs

97 and that extensive root systems, rather than aboveground biomass, are primarily responsible for prote

98 ed that plots with eCO(2) contained 21% more aboveground biomass, consistent with previous studies.

99 tors affecting plant species composition and aboveground biomass, density and diversity.

100 heat stress on grain filling duration, total aboveground biomass, grain yield, and grain protein conc

101 Phenotype data on aboveground biomass, height, leaf width, and chlorophyll

102 d larger effective foliage areas per unit of aboveground biomass, indicating higher light interceptio

103 lated with the ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass, known as the harvest index (HI) in

104 fected revegetation characteristics, such as aboveground biomass, plant density and diversity.

105 Despite treatment-induced differences in aboveground biomass, soil temperature and water content

106 r, the CO2 and N treatments had no effect on aboveground biomass, tree density, community composition

107 ues across a wide range of metrics including aboveground biomass, tree diameter growth, tree size cla

108 - 15, 100 +/- 17, and 7 +/- 1.8 GT carbon in aboveground biomass, whereas non-mycorrhizal vegetation

109 osystems, belowground plant biomass exceeded aboveground biomass, with the exception of polar desert

110 d, including 2395 trees harvested to measure aboveground biomass.

111 nge in either CO2 treatment despite doubling aboveground biomass.

112 ominated by reductions to the respiration of aboveground biomass.

113 y related to plant biomass and in particular aboveground biomass.

114 story affects the fate of these two forms of aboveground biomass.

115 increase in crop yield and a 23% increase in aboveground biomass.

116 Fire and herbivory both remove aboveground biomass.

117 Peanut is an unusual crop in that it flowers aboveground but produces its seed-containing pods underg

118 Reducing [CO(2) ] to 120 ppm caused an aboveground C compensation point (i.e. net C balance was

119 At all sites, aboveground C cycle contributions peaked below 50-cm ste

120 We show that net aboveground C recovery over 10 years is higher in the Gu

121 rted, but at the expense of biodiversity and aboveground C stocks.

122 with a recovery of total C stocks but not of aboveground C stocks.

123 ant H2 sink (-2.0 +/- 1.0 kg H2 ha(-1) ) and aboveground canopy emissions as the dominant H2 source (

124 Climate Change (IPCC)(4,5) may underestimate aboveground carbon accumulation rates by 32 per cent on

125 l, one-kilometre-resolution map of potential aboveground carbon accumulation rates for the first 30 y

126 ed photosynthetic capacity and by a shift in aboveground carbon allocation away from reproduction.

127 poral variation in the influence of edges on aboveground carbon and associated changes in ecosystem s

128 We uncovered declines in aboveground carbon averaging 22% along edges that extend

129 Restoration could accelerate recovery of aboveground carbon density (ACD), but adoption of restor

130 Mg C ha(-1) for the nationwide estimation of aboveground carbon density (ACD).

131 Using published data on changes in aboveground carbon density and forest cover, we track ga

132 rovided estimates of mean and uncertainty of aboveground carbon density at provincial scales and were

133 e used a multi-model ensemble to investigate aboveground carbon density of the CHF from 2010 to 2300

134 e data to quantify net annual changes in the aboveground carbon density of tropical woody live vegeta

135 assessments of both agricultural extent and aboveground carbon density.

136 ere we provide a comprehensive accounting of aboveground carbon dynamics inside and outside Amazon pr

137 Gabon holds 0.74 Pg C, or 21% of total aboveground carbon in deadwood, a threefold increase ove

138 Aboveground carbon losses were correlated with significa

139 -dispersed trees have contrasting effects on aboveground carbon stocks across Earth's tropical forest

140 irst large-scale very high-resolution map of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions for the country

141 fective and spatially explicit indicators of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions for tropical cou

142 The TECS included the total aboveground carbon stocks and the entire soil profile (t

143 use change, we found that at least 0.8 Pg of aboveground carbon stocks are at imminent risk of emissi

144 es in southern China have increased standing aboveground carbon stocks by 0.11 +/- 0.05 Pg C y(-1) du

145 rent land-use strategies on biodiversity and aboveground carbon stocks in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexi

146 important role in explaining variability in aboveground carbon stocks of disturbed forests.

147 In reburns, coarse wood biomass and aboveground carbon stocks were reduced by 65 and 62%, re

148 ovide information about longer term gains in aboveground carbon stocks?

149 nderstory fires stored, on average, 40% less aboveground carbon than undisturbed forests and were str

150 Lianas altered how aboveground carbon was stored.

151 Because belowground stresses also result in aboveground changes and vice versa, we then outline how

152 Soil organisms have an important role in aboveground community dynamics and ecosystem functioning

153 lts facilitate belowground larvae, but other aboveground damage inhibits larvae or has no effect.

154 Aboveground emissions of H2 were an unexpected and subst

155 r content (SWC) and temperature (SoilT)] and aboveground factors (e.g., vapor pressure deficit, photo

156 Mapping aboveground forest biomass is central for assessing the

157 oss the Brazilian Amazon to model changes in aboveground forest biomass under different scenarios of

158 ortality of large trees (>/=30 cm dbh), (ii) aboveground forest carbon stocks, and (iii) soil respira

159 from one to four species and sampled before aboveground growth differences between the two phenotype

160 soil organic matter for nutrients to support aboveground growth eased due to pine mortality, and subs

161 thways on the interactions between corn, the aboveground herbivore adult Diabrotica speciosa, the bel

162 tems is amply recognized, but the effects of aboveground herbivores on soil biota remain challenging

163 Our findings imply that losses and gains of aboveground herbivores will interact with climate and la

164 oorly from our understanding of responses to aboveground herbivores.

165 We show that adult D. speciosa recruit to aboveground herbivory and methyl salicylate treatment, t

166 Maintaining the abundance of carbon stored aboveground in Amazon forests is central to any comprehe

167 pendent feedback control of voltage input to aboveground infrared heaters and belowground buried resi

168 c adult feeding, but decrease heterospecific aboveground insect feeding and abundance.

169 ed for genetic engineering, the influence of aboveground insect infestation on Agrobacterium induced

170 of mutualistic microorganisms is limited to aboveground insects, whereas there is little understandi

171 k grown roots respond to the shoot-perceived aboveground light environment.

172 Aboveground litter decomposition is one of the main proc

173 there is a threshold effect in the amount of aboveground litter input in the soil after harvest that

174 after 13-15 years of experimentally doubled aboveground litter inputs in a lowland tropical forest.

175 rp declines in canopy cover (23 and 31%) and aboveground live biomass (12 and 30%) and favoring wides

176 exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer con

177 In other words, of the aboveground live tree biomass in 2012, ~1.3-4.8% died by

178 oned wells, including buried casings lacking aboveground markers.

179 ld for 27 grassland species and measured the aboveground morphological responses of each species to c

180 N-induced root elongation is associated with aboveground N content and that overexpression of DWF1 si

181 s than grasslands, potentially related to of aboveground N interception.

182 backs were not associated with a decrease in aboveground natural enemy pressure.

183 (x1.4) and N (x1.2) retention compared with aboveground needles.

184 e change mitigation, consistent estimates of aboveground net biomass change (DeltaAGB) are needed.

185 pitation explain about half the variation in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) among tropical

186 ere positively affected by the proportion of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) contributed by

187 ecipitation on plant community structure and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in a northern

188 ary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) over much of t

189 ary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) over much of t

190 in the Patagonian steppe that evaluated the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) response to ma

191 nitrogen (N) is deemed a key determinant of aboveground net primary production (ANPP)(2,3), the prev

192 n soil CO2 efflux rates by increasing annual aboveground net primary production (NPP) and belowground

193 imary productivity and field observations of aboveground net primary production and assess climatic c

194 nas were present, the partitioning of forest aboveground net primary production was dominated by leav

195 shrublands using indices of C assimilation (aboveground net primary production: aNPP) and soil C eff

196 xplore how climate regulates tropical forest aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and organic

197 However, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) did not decl

198 Nitrogen (N) is a key limiting resource for aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in diverse t

199 heric CO(2) enrichment usually increases the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of grassland

200 dies in grasslands have shown sensitivity of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to both prec

201 on dynamics and ecosystem processes, such as aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), are increas

202 am was reinforced by positive feedbacks from aboveground net primary productivity and exp(H), while t

203 ed to growth rate and drought tolerance, and aboveground net primary productivity to identify: specie

204 diversity increased the effect of warming on aboveground net productivity and moderated the effect on

205 o search for generalities and asymmetries of aboveground NPP (ANPP) and belowground NPP (BNPP) respon

206 (e.g., net primary productivity (NPP) 15.4%; aboveground NPP (ANPP) by 7.6%, belowground NPP (BNPP) b

207 es are often insufficient to drive nonlinear aboveground NPP responses.

208 reases in fine root production, and elevated aboveground NPP.

209 cificities defined by the LRR domain, either aboveground or belowground.

210 While less conspicuous than introduced aboveground organisms, introduced belowground organisms

211 asslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowg

212 aying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms.

213 Switchgrass aboveground organs (leaves, stems and inflorescences) an

214 Total N content in aboveground organs increased from spring until the end o

215 nd EPFL6 have been linked with elongation of aboveground organs.

216 stems (SAMs), which continuously produce new aboveground organs.

217 ound can be highly attuned to changes in the aboveground parts of plants and that biological control

218 The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants, collectively ca

219 from subterranean root-feeding to feeding on aboveground parts of the host plant occurs.

220 , no trace of soil-derived C was detected in aboveground parts, possibly due to the open canopy.

221 seasonal dynamics of NSC in relation to the aboveground phenology and temporal growth patterns of th

222 taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of the aboveground plant assemblages even after controlling for

223 , while fungal beta-diversity was related to aboveground plant beta-diversity, suggesting that plants

224 ometry play major roles in shaping below and aboveground plant biodiversity, but their importance for

225 Deepened snow did not affect aboveground plant biomass (AGB) but significantly increa

226 fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indica

227 The combined effects of eCO2 and warming on aboveground plant biomass were less positive in 'wet' gr

228 ference vegetation index (NDVI), a proxy for aboveground plant biomass.

229 ) and found that herbivore removal increased aboveground plant C stocks, particularly in moss, shrubs

230 owever, a decoupling between belowground and aboveground plant components may occur due to differenti

231 plants at the community level have only used aboveground plant distribution as a proxy.

232 In general, temporal changes in aboveground plant diversity and belowground biodiversity

233 sis are similar to the patterns observed for aboveground plant diversity.

234 the inhibition of microbial decomposition of aboveground plant inputs to the soil.

235 Cuticular waxes coat all primary aboveground plant organs as a crucial adaptation to life

236 ulatory proteins in the expression of ISR in aboveground plant parts are highlighted.

237 irect selection of root traits that improved aboveground plant performance.

238 Globally, P additions increase aboveground plant production by 34.9% in natural terrest

239 croplands, by contrast, P additions increase aboveground plant production by only 13.9%, probably bec

240 imated the importance of altered P supply on aboveground plant production in natural terrestrial ecos

241 Phosphorus (P) limitation of aboveground plant production is usually assumed to occur

242 riments reveal a significant P limitation on aboveground plant production.

243 via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitate marsh grass

244 Furthermore, frost reduced aboveground plant survival and seed production for Polem

245 equently, more carbon must be allocated from aboveground plant tissue to roots, which limits crop pro

246 d water exchange between the environment and aboveground plant tissues, including hypocotyls, leaves,

247 We actively increased aboveground plant-surface temperature, belowground soil

248 nts of the two-season pot experiments of the aboveground plants were decreased by 71.3%, 62.8%, and 3

249 ndependent of irMPK4's WUE phenotype, at the aboveground, population scale.

250 Aboveground primary productivity was increased by both h

251 years 13-22) are associated with the greater aboveground production and root biomass of this period,

252 y caused a greater than additive increase in aboveground productivity.

253 y of WA(deep) interact with shallow soil and aboveground resource acquisition traits to integrate the

254 m belowground resources at high latitudes to aboveground resources at low latitudes as C-intensive ro

255 We measured the fluxes of aboveground respiration (Ra ), GPP and their ratio (Ra /

256 tioning of gross primary production (GPP) to aboveground respiration and growth while decreasing part

257 Of the (13) C label acquired by the trees, aboveground respiration consumed 10%, belowground respir

258 h bark beetles killed or infested 85% of the aboveground respiring biomass.

259 Aboveground responses to frequent fires have been well s

260 une temperature will yield a 19% increase in aboveground S. pulchra biomass at the upland site and a

261 Study of belowground competition, unlike aboveground shoot competition, is hampered by our inabil

262 e of plant distribution both belowground and aboveground, soil properties and other spatially structu

263 Bikasha collaris and multiple heterospecific aboveground species interact to determine herbivore perf

264 riously, "ordered" domains were preserved in aboveground species, while "disordered" domains were con

265 ong nine subterranean, ten fossorial, and 13 aboveground species.

266 mycoheterotrophic gametophyte to mutualistic aboveground sporophyte.

267 Here we investigate the effects of aboveground stimulation of plant defense pathways on the

268 on materials are stocked in Odense, in which aboveground stock only makes up for a third of the weigh

269 As primary producers, plants rely on a large aboveground surface area to collect carbon dioxide and s

270 vival due to preferential biomass allocation aboveground that (1) predispose plants to hydraulic cons

271 ing periods by senescing cheaply constructed aboveground tissue.

272 e necessary for postembryonic development of aboveground tissues and roots, respectively, while secon

273 ty diversity and composition found on and in aboveground tissues of individual Ginkgo biloba trees.

274 this framework to microbiota associated with aboveground tissues, termed 'plant-phyllosphere feedback

275 uiterpene and diterpene tertiary alcohols in aboveground tissues, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis roo

276 f accumulating large quantities of As in its aboveground tissues.

277 Improving nitrogen (N) remobilization from aboveground to underground organs during yearly shoot se

278 roots were due to direct selection for some aboveground traits that also affect roots, and to indire

279 ed in drastic and well documented changes in aboveground traits, but belowground effects on root syst

280 Aboveground treatment stability and control were better

281 e growth can lead to structural overshoot of aboveground tree biomass due to a subsequent temporal mi

282 We studied the relationship between aboveground tree biomass dynamics (Deltabiomass) and mul

283 Aboveground tree grass biomass and carbon storage in all

284 Carbon storage in the aboveground trees and grass biomass were 54.6, 11.4, 25.

285 both antecedent environmental conditions and aboveground vegetation activity are critical to predicti

286 effects of N pollution on seed banks than on aboveground vegetation as cover and flowering is not sig

287 eduction in albedo and greater C fixation in aboveground vegetation as well as increased rates of soi

288 Therefore, aboveground vegetation carbon storage typically differs

289 Such changes in aboveground vegetation might have stronger impacts on be

290 s of signal sensitivity to changes in forest aboveground volume (AGV) above a certain 'saturation' po

291 The aboveground warming effects increased over time, particu

292 These results suggest that aboveground whitefly infestation elicits systemic defenc

293 d on many factors, including the response of aboveground wood production (AWP; MgC ha(-1 ) yr(-1) ) t

294 ent forest plots across Europe, we show that aboveground wood production is inherently more stable th

295 and two key measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood productivity and biomass storage.

296 d biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical

297 terrestrial water storage, water content in aboveground woody and leaf biomass, and the canopy backs

298 nds currently store 3.07 Pg of carbon (C) in aboveground woody biomass (i.e., trees) and pasture land

299 e combine 30 meter resolution global maps of aboveground woody carbon, tree cover, and cropland exten

300 ugars and SM remained relatively constant in aboveground young organs and were partially maintained w