ライフサイエンスコーパス: achromatic

1 Off, transient and sustained, chromatic and achromatic.

2 range of directions in color space, close to achromatic.

3 aphy (ERG) and multifocal ERG, light-adapted achromatic and 2-color dark-adapted perimetry, and micro

4 Therefore, rotating color space into primary achromatic and chromatic axes at the eye's first synapse

5 Achromatic and chromatic contrast discrimination was mea

6 to simultaneously encode, or multiplex, both achromatic and chromatic information.

7 color space (making them responsive to both achromatic and chromatic stimuli), normalization was dri

8 We found that both achromatic and chromatic variation are indiscrete in Cep

9 es the relative sensitivity of V2 neurons to achromatic and isoluminant gratings mainly independent o

10 state pattern electroretinograms elicited by achromatic and isoluminant-chromatic (red-green) sinusoi

11 As a result, we can render a metalens achromatic and polarization-insensitive across nearly th

12 f a single-mode fiber, capable of performing achromatic and polarization-insensitive focusing across

13 cipants were equally sensitive to the MID in achromatic and S-cone IOVD stimuli.

14 B) and 26 age-similar healthy subjects under achromatic and S-cone isolation conditions.

15 Here, we used fMRI to examine how achromatic and S-cone signals contribute to human MID pe

16 similarly associated with age under photopic achromatic and selective S-cone conditions in peripheral

17 onents analysis-like manner to yield primary achromatic and spectrally opponent axes, respectively.

18 L, M, and S cone inputs and give rise to one achromatic and two chromatic postreceptoral channels.

19 selective neurons with a range of chromatic, achromatic, and mixed response properties.

20 gratings, one heterochromatic and the other achromatic, are superimposed and moved in opposite direc

21 and 41 control eyes (22 subjects) underwent achromatic automated perimetry and mfVEP and cVEP testin

22 sus abnormal (perimetry-abnl) performance on achromatic automated perimetry and short-wavelength auto

23 rized terahertz (0.1-1.6 THz) beam using THz achromatic axially symmetric wave (TAS) plates, which ha

24 d to green cones, while UV cone present a UV achromatic axis for prey capture.

25 uniform chromatic (red, green, or blue) and achromatic (black or white) squares of different sizes (

26 We measure achromatic (black-white) and chromatic (red-green and ye

27 e fast, non-opponent inputs (+fM and +fL) as achromatic, both contribute to flicker photometric nulls

28 In achromatic camouflage, this effect was more evident in f

29 subjectively rating 70 verbal and nonverbal achromatic cartoons as funny or unfunny.

30 teractions that do not fit classic chromatic/achromatic classifications.

31 in spatially distinct neural domains, while achromatic contrast and orientation are not.

32 hat the dual gradient of cone opsins assists achromatic contrast detection against different spectral

33 e photoreceptors, which are known to provide achromatic contrast for motion detection, generated the

34 model predator, we manipulated the degree of achromatic contrast in warning patterns to test if high

35 Multifocal electroretinography and chromatic/achromatic contrast sensitivity were measured in these 4

36 However, the potential importance of achromatic contrast, as distinct from colour contrast, i

37 tural and unnatural colours as well as their achromatic counterparts and compared the activity produc

38 e information potentially available in local achromatic cues like contrast, texture, and penumbral bl

39 demonstration, the designed dual-wavelength achromatic deflector has been fabricated, and characteri

40 present the design and nanoprinting of a 3D achromatic diffractive metalens on the end face of a sin

41 ht, double cones that are thought to mediate achromatic discrimination, and four types of single cone

42 etween groups was found for the 90% contrast achromatic dots (P = 0.09), however a significant differ

43 ition, individual contrast thresholds to the achromatic dots were measured for each subject, and vern

44 ly treated by cascading multiple lenses into achromatic doublets, triplets, and so on.

45 somorphic arrays of evolutionarily conserved achromatic elementary motion detecting circuits originat

46 in patients compared with controls for both achromatic (enlarged by: superior field, 0.57 log units,

47 ERGs were elicited by achromatic flashes (0.01-25 cd-s-m(-)(2)).

48 nent (red/green, blue/yellow) and hue versus achromatic flicker (red/gray, green/gray, blue/gray, yel

49 ances on two, four-alternative forced-choice achromatic flicker fusion threshold tasks modulated at l

50 ctivity revealed a subtle influence of 64 Hz achromatic flicker in area V1, despite this stimulus evo

51 ased lenses that achieve diffraction-limited achromatic focusing of the primary colors by exploiting

52 Here we report an achromatic Fresnel optical system for EUV or X-ray radia

53 [MD] > -8 dB) and 26 healthy subjects using achromatic Gabor stimuli in 4 diagonal visual field loca

54 Achromatic grating resolution acuity was measured at the

55 SWS and achromatic grating resolution acuity were measured at 6

56 ale macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) to achromatic grating stimuli that varied in orientation, d

57 ostly in early visual areas while a vertical achromatic grating was physically presented to participa

58 till a pupillary constriction to isoluminant achromatic gratings and red-coloured stimuli, although r

59 ry populations, can be induced by presenting achromatic gratings in the primary visual cortex (V1) an

60 isually uncomfortable simple patterns, i.e., achromatic gratings, cause more variable temporal judgme

61 nd suppression from isoluminant gratings and achromatic gratings.

62 atings was less than one-half that evoked by achromatic gratings.

63 n early visual cortex as participants viewed achromatic gratings.

64 onance imaging responses in alert monkeys to achromatic images (faces, fruit, bodies and places) and

65 Custom designed detection optics produce achromatic images of the spectral region from approximat

66 ements, forming thin high performance hybrid achromatic imaging micro-optics.

67 stimuli in a highly correlated manner: fast achromatic information is encoded by Off-circuits, and s

68 e cardinal chromatic (L/M and S/(L + M)) and achromatic (L + M) pathways, adopting stimulus size as t

69 ptive optics (GTAO), which enables adaptable achromatic large-volume correction through GRIN lenses.

70 o described perceiving color experiences for achromatic letters, inside and outside the lab, where su

71 matic microlenses, laying the groundwork for achromatic light-field imagers and displays.

72 e conventional cells respond equally well to achromatic luminance and equiluminant color stimuli, ana

73 The nature of the inputs to achromatic luminance flicker perception was explored psy

74 en/gray, blue/gray, yellow/gray), as well as achromatic luminance flicker.

75 atterns is that they contain a high level of achromatic (luminance) contrast, for example, many warni

76 dency for each of the cardinal chromatic and achromatic mechanisms is very specific, reinforcing thei

77 onstrate the use of our compact and flexible achromatic metafiber for fiber-optic confocal imaging, c

78 Here we introduce a Hybrid Achromatic Metalens (HAML) that overcomes this trade-off

79 tion-insensitive, broadband titanium dioxide achromatic metalens for applications in the near-infrare

80 er bound of the time-bandwidth product of an achromatic metalens up to 21.34, leading to a wide group

81 In turn, the recently proposed achromatic metalens utilizing transparent, high-index ma

82 Over the past years, broadband achromatic metalenses have been intensively studied due

83 Recently, broadband achromatic metalenses in the visible have been proposed

84 We design, fabricate, and characterize achromatic metalenses with aperture diameters of 16 mum,

85 demonstrate polarization-independent fishnet-achromatic-metalenses with measured average efficiencies

86 ifically, we have designed a dual-wavelength achromatic metasurface-based deflector deflecting the in

87 focusing errors, providing a pathway towards achromatic micro-optical systems.

88 es are reconstructed from an array of hybrid achromatic microlenses, laying the groundwork for achrom

89 diameter and 5 mm in rigid length) and super-achromatic microprobe made with a built-in monolithic fi

90 cells, the spatial frequency resolution for achromatic modulation was often greater, the tuning curv

91 sequently, many cells were most sensitive to achromatic modulation when patches just covered the CRF

92 Among cells that preferred achromatic modulation, or modulation along intermediate

93 ypes of photoreceptor neurons; R1-R6 mediate achromatic motion detection, while R7 and R8 constitute

94 gnocellular afferents that are implicated in achromatic motion processing and Y cells that connect th

95 In insects, achromatic, motion-sensitive pathways to the lobula plat

96 in near-infrared wavelength range, where the achromatic nearly 90 degrees transmitted phase retardati

97 Familial dementia with swollen achromatic neurons and corticobasal inclusion bodies is

98 viewed two versions of movie clips (colored, achromatic) of five different object classes (faces, sce

99 The design of achromatic optical components requires materials with hi

100 Here, we demonstrate achromatic optical transmission through a planar Fabry-P

101 by a significant change in Ricco's area for achromatic or chromatic stimuli.

102 ientation and variable size, modulated along achromatic or isoluminant color directions.

103 ane imaging microscopy setup, is essentially achromatic over about 150 nm in the visible.

104 (LM) chromatic (isoluminant) pathways or the achromatic pathway were recorded over a period of severa

105 ellular (M) cells (the faster-conducting and achromatic pathway) had after responses that were substa

106 nce on blood glucose was observed for LM- or achromatic-pathway VEP latency in subjects with diabetes

107 ce indicates crosstalk between chromatic and achromatic pathways.

108 quently compared their ability to generalize achromatic patterns to the observed behavioural performa

109 ximately equal selectivity for chromatic and achromatic patterns.

110 terns (red-green and yellow-violet) than for achromatic patterns.

111 elective to pure color stimuli as well as to achromatic patterns.

112 Although its output generates an achromatic percept, the luminance channel has slow spect

113 Although its output produces an achromatic percept, the luminance channel has slow, spec

114 Super-achromatic performance over the continuous visible band

115 on Study-ADAGES) were observed with standard achromatic perimetry (SAP), optic disc stereophotographs

116 Mean deviation on standard achromatic perimetry and average thickness on peripapill

117 in addition to corneal pachymetry, standard achromatic perimetry, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber

118 gher threshold variability than conventional achromatic perimetry, possibly due to an imbalance betwe

119 amage that may be missed on static automated achromatic perimetry.

120 lement, but cannot replace, static automated achromatic perimetry.

121 Achromatic peripheral grating resolution acuity was meas

122 rnal plexiform layer are postsynaptic to the achromatic photoreceptors R1-R6, express glutamate immun

123 opic neurons provide a discrete channel from achromatic photoreceptors to large motion-sensitive neur

124 Of these, the achromatic PR1 and PR4, which are retained in mammals, a

125 ation parameters when measured with both the achromatic pulsed-pedestal paradigm (GEE: beta [SE] = 0.

126 Achromatic quarter waveplates (A-QWPs), traditionally co

127 working distance, resolution, contrast, and achromatic range.

128 Differences in temporal sensitivity for achromatic, red-green, and blue-yellow stimuli generally

129 Peripheral achromatic resolution acuity (an indirect measure of the

130 Mean achromatic resolution acuity across the four locations w

131 o significant relationship was found between achromatic resolution acuity and ARM staging.

132 The chromatic-achromatic resolution ratio was lower than normal at cer

133 ocation analysis revealed that the chromatic-achromatic resolution ratio was not significantly differ

134 pectral-angular space to become a 60-nm-wide achromatic resonance spanning multiple cavity free-spect

135 and analyze a large database of hand-labeled achromatic shadow edges to better understand what image

136 curves and contrast responses with drifting achromatic sinusoidal gratings.

137 ircuitry but give rise to distinct, parallel achromatic spatial channels in the primate retinogenicul

138 To measure achromatic spatial contrast sensitivity in patients with

139 Achromatic spatial summation functions were plotted for

140 l scales and thus parallels the circuits for achromatic, spatial vision, in which each cone dominates

141 n of uniform surfaces and that chromatic and achromatic squares are represented differently in V1.

142 ter times after stimulus onset, responses to achromatic squares' centers increased, partially "fillin

143 e-matched controls with normal vision, using achromatic steady- and pulsed-pedestal paradigms to bias

144 in the inferred MC pathway measured with the achromatic steady-pedestal paradigm (beta [SE] = 0.12 [0

145 s strongly preferred equiluminant color over achromatic stimuli and were also orientation selective,

146 t sensitivity and gain loss to chromatic and achromatic stimuli in terms of retinal and postretinogen

147 Achromatic stimuli subtending a 49 degrees by 53 degrees

148 psychophysical experiments, when S-cone and achromatic stimuli were matched for perceived contrast,

149 fMRI CD responses were largely driven by achromatic stimuli, but IOVD responses were better drive

150 ignal response in V1 and V2 to chromatic and achromatic stimuli, using optical imaging.

151 imuli tended to elicit stronger signals than achromatic stimuli, which was unexpected given that wave

152 esponses fail to predict P-cell responses to achromatic stimuli.

153 he responses of P cells to new chromatic and achromatic stimuli.

154 h more distinct for colored stimuli than for achromatic stimuli.

155 he potentials were larger for chromatic than achromatic stimuli.

156 had learned to select the chromatic from the achromatic stimulus, regardless of the specific color, t

157 ge-related change in Ricco's area for either achromatic (superior field, r(2) = 0.05; inferior field,

158 early population responses to chromatic and achromatic surfaces are edge enhanced, emphasizing the i

159 ould distinguish synesthetic color evoked by achromatic symbols after a delay of ~100 ms.

160 lor synesthetes experience color when seeing achromatic symbols.

161 ed that foveal vernier acuity thresholds for achromatic targets are elevated in patients with glaucom

162 tor types for color vision, a fifth cone for achromatic tasks, and a rod for dim-light vision.

163 ribe experiments which use a novel chromatic-achromatic temporal compound stimulus to simultaneously

164 surrounds govern the apparent brightness of achromatic test targets.

165 along chromatic axes was also observed, and achromatic thresholds were also different between contro

166 -view, sub-100-nm resolution optics that are achromatic to a significant degree, allowing more light

167 Achromatic two-dot vernier thresholds were obtained for

168 d video conditions were unedited (V(GREEN)), achromatic (V(GRAY)) or red filter (V(RED)).

169 e Munsell chromatic color chips plus 10 flat achromatic vectors corresponding to Munsell value levels

170 scene with no recognizable objects--and its achromatic version to image the change in blood oxygenat

171 ncluding higher peak temporal sensitivity to achromatic versus chromatic stimuli and low-pass filteri

172 ificantly more frequently than "green" in an achromatic vertical grating.

173 ion pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dim-light achromatic vision and bright-light color vision are init

174 k between photoreceptor processing speed (in achromatic vision) and visual ecology.

175 aching 94 pixels per degree (ppd) for foveal achromatic vision, 89 ppd for red-green patterns, and 53

176 ptors are in keeping with their role in fast achromatic vision.

177 Swedish interactive threshold algorithm 30-2 achromatic visual field (VF) tests.

178 coherence tomography imaging, 24-2 standard achromatic visual fields (VF), and CS measurement on the

179 Achromatic visual information is transferred from the re

180 essing compared with those feeding into fast achromatic visual systems.

181 tantially intensified by a "hidden" layer of achromatic (white or black) plumage concealed beneath th

182 d such an individual, an adult male for whom achromatic words and alphanumeric characters are seen in

183 Microscopy by Achromatic X-rays With Emission of Laminar Light (MAXWEL

184 d that the illusion works well even if it is achromatic: yellow is replaced with light gray, and blue