ライフサイエンスコーパス: activated microglia

1 roinflammation as measured by a reduction in activated microglia.

2 s responsive genes and diminished numbers of activated microglia.

3 on the production of cytokines/chemokines by activated microglia.

4 in the inflamed brain by selectively killing activated microglia.

5 of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) on activated microglia.

6 -VAD-fmk or IETD-fmk resulted in necrosis of activated microglia.

7 t of neurons expressing cleaved caspase-3 by activated microglia.

8 bit a morphologically distinct population of activated microglia.

9 ere isolated and cocultured with resting and activated microglia.

10 tor mobility in the processes of resting and activated microglia.

11 neutrophil-produced ROS, and MHCII-positive, activated microglia.

12 d the expression of inducible NO synthase in activated microglia.

13 (ras), attenuated the production of ROS from activated microglia.

14 racellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), in activated microglia.

15 neurodegeneration was prevented by removing activated microglia.

16 AD abnormality, are closely associated with activated microglia.

17 fibrillary tangles, reactive astrocytes, and activated microglia.

18 myelitis (EAE), miR-124 was downregulated in activated microglia.

19 campal regions show a pronounced increase in activated microglia.

20 a cells by treatment with CCL8, a product of activated microglia.

21 regulation of neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia.

22 t delay, the release of toxic cytokines from activated microglia.

23 ed in a parallel shift in the association of activated microglia.

24 ned a morphologically distinct population of activated microglia.

25 densities of senile (neuritic) plaques with activated microglia.

26 interleukin 1, which is overexpressed by the activated microglia.

27 posits in the brain and increased numbers of activated microglia.

28 and is reliably detected by the presence of activated microglia.

29 A to reverse the effect of IL-4 in TNF-alpha-activated microglia.

30 njury sites and detected immunochemically in activated microglia.

31 s (e.g., C1q and C3), and were surrounded by activated microglia.

32 in turn, resulted in degradation of LAMP2 in activated microglia.

33 SD-OCT hyper-reflectivity overlapped with activated microglia.

34 exposure can be prevented by an inhibitor of activated microglia.

35 so decreased GFAP staining and the number of activated microglia.

36 ith SCZ and co-cultured them with or without activated microglia.

37 the fetal blood-brain barrier, and targeting activated microglia.

38 of blood-borne neutrophils, macrophages, and activated microglia.

39 eurons elicit enhanced pruning from innately activated microglia.

40 rion protein, are expressed predominantly by activated microglia.

41 emission tomography using a radiotracer for activated microglia, [(11)C](R)-(1-[2-chlorophenyl]-N-me

42 c emission data with (18)F-GE180 for imaging activated microglia (18-kD translocator protein ligand [

43 antation significantly reduced the number of activated microglia after cyclophosphamide treatment in

44 urthermore, delayed depletion of chronically activated microglia after TBI led to widespread changes

45 istribution volume (TSPO VT) is increased in activated microglia, an important aspect of neuroinflamm

46 T in vivo with (i) 11C-PK-11195, a marker of activated microglia and a proxy index of neuroinflammati

47 , we found significantly decreased levels of activated microglia and Abeta deposits in anti-GM-CSF an

48 mitantly, hsf1-/- aged CNS exhibit increased activated microglia and apoptotic cells that are mainly

49 onotropic P2X4 receptors are up-regulated in activated microglia and are critical for the development

50 alization, meaning that the presence of both activated microglia and astrocytes in a given area leads

51 duced anxiety-like behavior, and led to more activated microglia and astrocytes in the mPFC and amygd

52 TIM-3 is distinctively upregulated in activated microglia and astrocytes, brain resident immun

53 Neuroinflammation, mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes, is implicated in the

54 MBV suppressed pro-inflammatory signaling by activated microglia and astrocytes, stimulated RGC neuri

55 Activated microglia and astroglia are known to be involv

56 Chronic inflammation involving activated microglia and astroglia is becoming a hallmark

57 cting to the striatum, and resulted in fewer activated microglia and astroglia.

58 the inability to clearly distinguish between activated microglia and bone marrow-derived monocytes an

59 activated TRPM4-like currents (I CAN) in non-activated microglia and cells that were activated by exp

60 plaques in the aged rhesus cortex contained activated microglia and clusters of phosphorylated tau-p

61 linergic dysfunction and increased number of activated microglia and COX-2-positive cells induced by

62 led significant inflammatory markers such as activated microglia and cytokines surrounding the plaque

63 Thus, activated microglia and damaged neurons formed a vicious

64 xyl polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers target activated microglia and damaged neurons in the injured b

65 ical analyses ex vivo included stainings for activated microglia and endogenous neural stem cells (NS

66 Finally, IRF8 activated microglia and exacerbated neuroinflammation.

67 In addition, the number of activated microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes was hig

68 We previously showed that activated microglia and increased cytokine expression ex

69 profile indicating the presence of primed or activated microglia and increased inflammation in the ag

70 , demonstrated by increased levels of Iba-1, activated microglia and increased levels of proinflammat

71 argets the translocator protein expressed by activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages.

72 and local CD200R(+) myeloid cells, including activated microglia and infiltrating monocyte-derived ma

73 ral sclerosis (ALS), and is characterized by activated microglia and infiltrating T cells at sites of

74 Neuroinflammation, characterized by activated microglia and infiltrating T cells, is a promi

75 ous system, the CB2 receptor is expressed on activated microglia and is a potential therapeutic targe

76 on, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, p-tau, and activated microglia and less total brain-derived neurotr

77 In contrast, the numbers of activated microglia and levels of interleukin-6 were sig

78 temporally distinct gene signature in injury-activated microglia and macrophages (IAMs) that engages

79 l benzodiazepine receptor, is upregulated on activated microglia and macrophages and is, thus, a biom

80 Chronic retinal inflammation in the form of activated microglia and macrophages are implicated in th

81 ized by a hyperintense rim of iron-enriched, activated microglia and macrophages, have been linked to

82 h multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily reflects activated microglia and macrophages.

83 eptor, which is selectively expressed in non-activated microglia and mediates process motility during

84 Activated microglia and neuroinflammation are associated

85 The numbers of activated microglia and phagocytes in TREM2 KO mice were

86 s evidenced by the decreased accumulation of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, diminished

87 er of neuroinflammation, is overexpressed on activated microglia and reactive astrocytes.

88 n responses, which was associated with fewer activated microglia and reduced CGRP expression in the d

89 anti-tumor response via increasing T cells, activated microglia and SiglecF+ macrophages and decreas

90 flammation comprising sporadic occurrence of activated microglia and significant hypertrophy of astro

91 ip between the presence of inflammation with activated microglia and the emergence of alpha-synuclein

92 ranslocator protein (TSPO) is upregulated in activated microglia and thus can serve as a marker of ne

93 The developing eyes of Mfsd2a KO mice had activated microglia and up-regulation of lipogenic and c

94 c loss and neuronal death were driven by ERK-activated microglia and were preventable by BRAF inhibit

95 released soluble neuron injury factors that activated microglia and were selectively toxic to dopami

96 ite matter, colocalizing with globoid cells, activated microglia, and astrocytes.

97 f the K+ current surge following exposure to activated microglia, and is neuroprotective.

98 receptor-associated protein (RAP), robustly activated microglia, and its activity was attenuated in

99 heral Th1 cytokines and reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and T cells in brains of EAE mice.

100 rolled cortical impact to remove chronically activated microglia, and the inhibitor was withdrawn 1-w

101 Activated microglia are a universal feature of ALS/FTD p

102 posit that the neurobiological activities of activated microglia are affected by cell-protein and cel

103 microvasculature, astrocyte hypertrophy and activated microglia are among the most conspicuous struc

104 Activated microglia are associated with amyloid plaques

105 Activated microglia are involved in the pathogenesis of

106 The significance of activated microglia around motoneurons axotomized after

107 ot detect the treatment-induced reduction in activated microglia as demonstrated by histology.

108 lored the association of the distribution of activated microglia, as measured by the radioligand [(11

109 ypes and reduces the levels of expression of activated microglia-associated transcripts.

110 ed by infiltration of phagocytic cells (e.g. activated microglia, astroglia and macrophages) for the

111 ebris that colocalized with the processes of activated microglia at 25 d after immunization, and clea

112 was accompanied by a significant increase in activated microglia at all time-points following LPS.

113 racic spinal cords of rats with CP contained activated microglia (based on increased staining with OX

114 dopaminergic neurones and it was present in activated microglia but not in astrocytes.

115 Abeta) deposits are frequently surrounded by activated microglia but the precise role of these cells

116 lasm of mature human hippocampal neurons and activated microglia, but is absent from astrocytes.

117 ional white matter (WM) were correlated with activated microglia, but not with axonal or myelin integ

118 data indicate that physiological IgG levels activated microglia by enhancing recycling endocytosis p

119 nd calcium-dependent manner, and enhanced in activated microglia by the p38 MAPK pathway that selecti

120 r hand, there is also abundant evidence that activated microglia can be harmful to neurons.

121 functions in the adult brain are less clear, activated microglia can closely appose neuronal cell bod

122 Thus, activated microglia can co-exist with degenerating micro

123 tem and suggest under certain circumstances, activated microglia can help rather than harm neurons su

124 Activated microglia can phagocytose dying, stressed, or

125 These results indicate that activated microglia can protect the adult brain by migra

126 By contrast, activated microglia can secrete numerous reactants that

127 Activated microglia (CD11b+ cells) colocalized with Abet

128 Intravital imaging showed that CpG-C-activated microglia cells contact, kill, and phagocytize

129 nd increased the accumulation of macrophages/activated microglia compared to vehicle controls (p<0.02

130 Notably, activated-microglia-conditioned medium altered metabolis

131 After removal of activated-microglia-conditioned medium, SCZ cINs but not

132 inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta from activated microglia, consistent with K(+) loss being nee

133 ed this dependence to determine whether such activated microglia contribute deleteriously to function

134 Activated microglia contribute to cell death in ischemic

135 ted after SCI, we tested the hypothesis that activated microglia contribute to chronic pain after SCI

136 degree, and by what mechanisms, chronically activated microglia contribute to cognitive deficits ass

137 Activated microglia converge on the initial site of axon

138 d process retraction in both resting and LPS-activated microglia cultured in the gelatinous substrate

139 Constitutively increased expression of activated microglia-derived inflammatory molecules such

140 3D electron microscopy, we demonstrate that activated microglia displace inhibitory presynaptic term

141 In vivo, CpG-C-activated microglia displayed elevated mRNA expression l

142 Co-culture with activated microglia disturbed metabolic pathways, as ind

143 s previously identified to be upregulated by activated microglia during aging, neurodegeneration, or

144 TNF-alpha was produced by activated microglia during MCMV infection of the retina.

145 LPS-activated microglia exhibited a sialidase activity that

146 ion becomes infiltrated with neutrophils and activated microglia followed by neuronal loss, but littl

147 rain, high levels of reducing equivalents in activated microglia, GSH, trigger superoxide production,

148 mmatory cytokine levels and proliferation of activated microglia have been found in Parkinson's disea

149 in vitro is noncytolytic and noncytopathic, activated microglia have been suggested to be responsibl

150 Activated microglia have contradictory roles in the path

151 Da translocator protein (TSPO), a marker for activated microglia, have been used as positron emission

152 hosphorylated tau, amyloid beta plaques, and activated microglia in 3xTg/SPKO male and female mice.

153 alf-life tracer that reveals the presence of activated microglia in a manner that is superior to (11)

154 (18)F-GE-180 is able to reveal sites of activated microglia in both gray and white matter.

155 suppress TNF-alpha and CXCL10 production by activated microglia in brain diseases.

156 sociated with inflammatory responses such as activated microglia in brain with this disease.

157 e is a significant increase in the number of activated microglia in brain.

158 ficant superoxide generation was observed in activated microglia in injured WT, whereas increased sup

159 These results suggest a crucial role of activated microglia in limiting amyloid accumulation and

160 Moreover, PGRN expression is increased in activated microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases i

161 This could reflect that activated microglia in mild cognitive impairment initial

162 Immunoproteasome levels are elevated in activated microglia in models of stroke, infection and t

163 talytic domain of recombinant MMP-3 (cMMP-3) activated microglia in primary microglia cultures as wel

164 reactive astrocytes, and IBA1(+) and CD68(+) activated microglia in randomly selected dense-core (Thi

165 tudy, we set out to determine if chronically activated microglia in the Alzheimer's disease brain are

166 mpletely prevented the increase in number of activated microglia in the ARC, the expression of the pr

167 higher loss of cortical neurons and elevated activated microglia in the bigenic Tg-SwDI/Tg-5xFAD mice

168 alcohol-dependent individuals exhibited less activated microglia in the brain and a blunted periphera

169 ession of the translocator protein (TSPO) on activated microglia in the brain, has been used in precl

170 ding protein is significantly upregulated in activated microglia in the brains of rats subjected to f

171 atory mediators, and reduced infiltration of activated microglia in the cerebellar tissue.

172 alysis with CD68 showed increased density of activated microglia in the cerebral white matter of the

173 evelopmental-dependent overabundance of CD68-activated microglia in the cerebral white matter of the

174 Finally, activated microglia in the denervated hippocampal stratu

175 tion is associated with a marked increase in activated microglia in the hippocampus, neuroinflammatio

176 f circulating cytokines) and centrally (less activated microglia in the hypothalamus) as well as more

177 Immunohistochemistry confirmed activated microglia in the ipsilateral thalamus with sig

178 These results suggest an important role for activated microglia in the maintenance of chronic centra

179 aloric diet-induced obese mice, persistently activated microglia in the MBH hypersecrete TNFalpha tha

180 munohistochemistry to study beta-amyloid and activated microglia in the mouse brain tissue.

181 We observed a decrease in activated microglia in the rats that received a spirulin

182 y Eli Lilly, resulted in marked reduction of activated microglia in the spinal cord.

183 ks postinfection by a marked accumulation of activated microglia in the spongiform areas of the brain

184 s in the striatum, and a greater increase in activated microglia in the substantia nigra than wild-ty

185 We investigated whether activated microglia in the thoracic spinal cord contribu

186 alysis showed diffuse astrocytic gliosis and activated microglia in the white matter, rare prion depo

187 iazepine receptors (PBR) are associated with activated microglia in their response to inflammation.

188 al levels of beta2-adrenergic receptors, and activated microglia in wt mice in vivo Thus, most solubl

189 te with (11)C-(R)-PK11195 uptake (marker for activated microglia) in the same brain regions.

190 r, SYK hyperactivation occurs in a subset of activated microglia, in dystrophic neurites surrounding

191 Collectively our data provide evidence that activated microglia increase neurogenesis through secret

192 When activated, microglia increase the expression of transloc

193 al staining showed dose-dependent changes in activated microglia (increased number and morphologic ch

194 We show that activated microglia induce A1 astrocytes by secreting Il

195 tory leukocyte protease inhibitor, decreased activated microglia-induced neurogenesis.

196 ty for innate immune cells in vivo, labeling activated microglia, infiltrating macrophages, and neutr

197 tein (GFAP)+ and ED1+ cells, suggesting that activated microglia/infiltrating macrophages and activat

198 hese results suggest that Gal-3 expressed by activated microglia/infiltrating macrophages and astrocy

199 ines of evidence support the hypothesis that activated microglia, innate immune cells in the CNS, pla

200 increase in release of beta-glucuronidase by activated microglia into the extracellular space at the

201 In early AD, the highest degree of activated microglia is observed in brain regions involve

202 ator protein (TSPO), which is upregulated in activated microglia, is a method for investigating wheth

203 However, the mechanism by which activated microglia kill oligodendrocytes (OLs) remains

204 nts of Abeta, but not with plaque density or activated microglia levels.

205 Classically activated microglia (M1) are believed to play a key role

206 In mice, 15-HC activated microglia, macrophages and astrocytes through

207 This scar contains reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, macrophages and other myeloid cells

208 ) spinal cords showed an increased number of activated microglia/macrophages and a larger scar at the

209 owed significantly less numbers of GSI-B4(+) activated microglia/macrophages and ICAM1(+) capillaries

210 in-1beta (IL-1beta), released by a subset of activated microglia/macrophages and infiltrating lymphoc

211 TBI, D-Sino conjugates specifically targeted activated microglia/macrophages at the site of injury in

212 Neuroinflammation orchestrated by activated microglia/macrophages at the site of injury pl

213 BBB, target and deliver drugs selectively to activated microglia/macrophages at the sites of injury,

214 eutrophils and lymphocytes, neutrophils, and activated microglia/macrophages in the intracerebral hem

215 by either inducible nitric oxide synthase in activated microglia/macrophages or neuronal nitric oxide

216 Activated microglia/macrophages play a key role in the i

217 TLR2 up-regulation on activated microglia/macrophages resulted in astrocyte ac

218 n of OPCs after SCI, reduced accumulation of activated microglia/macrophages, and reduced astrocyte h

219 d immunostaining for myelin, axonal markers, activated microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, plasma prot

220 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of activated microglia/macrophages, in cortex, cortical les

221 ects model, 11C-PK11195 uptake, representing activated microglia/macrophages, was higher in rim+ lesi

222 were primarily produced by granulocytes and activated microglia/macrophages.

223 ized by more proinflammatory lymphocytes and activated microglia/macrophages.

224 europrotective gene Ym1 that is expressed by activated microglia/macrophages.

225 use and multi-focal inflammation mediated by activated microglia/macrophages.

226 ed oligodendrocytes, reactive astrocytes and activated microglia mapped most strongly to the rim of M

227 on with myelin degeneration, interdigitating activated microglia may be contributing to damage contro

228 that nitric oxide and superoxide released by activated microglia may be mediators that link inflammat

229 itrite produced by iNOS and NADPH oxidase in activated microglia may play an important role in the pa

230 sis, lack of EP2 completely suppressed Abeta-activated microglia-mediated paracrine neurotoxicity.

231 ular aggregated human alpha-synuclein indeed activated microglia; microglial activation enhanced dopa

232 urodegeneration in tg7 mice, suggesting that activated microglia might contribute to the degenerative

233 , whereas human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-activated microglia migrated nearly twice as fast as tho

234 revealed the presence of resting microglia, activated microglia, monocytes, and macrophages as well

235 The term activated microglia needs to be qualified to reflect the

236 In addition, neither activated microglia nor astrocytes differed among the th

237 he relative timing suggests that neither the activated microglia nor the amyloid plaques themselves a

238 However, the cortex includes numerous activated microglia, occasionally in a plaque-like distr

239 nse with early upregulation of Iba1-positive activated microglia occurred after both cathodal and ano

240 on days 3, 5, 7 and 9, and more macrophages/activated microglia on days 1, 3, 5 and 9 compared to sh

241 effects of delayed depletion of chronically activated microglia on functional recovery and neurodege

242 healthy brain, but the functional impact of activated microglia on neural plasticity has so far been

243 e unchanged and it was not present in either activated microglia or astrocytes.

244 of caspases with Z-VAD-fmk did not kill non-activated microglia, or astrocytes and neurons in any co

245 rescence in situ hybridization revealed both activated microglia (OX-6 immunoreactivity) and elevated

246 was altered only within the regions showing activated microglia (OX-6 immunoreactivity), suggesting

247 reated eyes demonstrated significantly fewer activated microglia (P < 0.001) and overall number of mi

248 eport that the proportion of morphologically activated microglia (PAM) in postmortem cortical tissue

249 Together, our results suggest that activated microglia participate in neuroprotection and t

250 Inflammatory changes, typified by activated microglia, particularly adjacent to Abeta plaq

251 Between 5 and 8 months of age, activated microglia persisted and concentrated in the op

252 Furthermore, we showed that activated microglia physically ensheathe cortical projec

253 Activated microglia play a central role in the inflammat

254 ted neurodegeneration in a mouse model where activated microglia play a deleterious role.

255 Collectively, these data suggest that activated microglia play a direct role in contributing t

256 Infected and/or activated microglia play a pathogenic role in HIV-associ

257 Recent studies have demonstrated that activated microglia play an important role in dopamine (

258 associated neuronal dysfunction mediated by activated microglia play an important role in the pathog

259 icospinal tract and the wide distribution of activated microglia, primary signals from CST neurons pe

260 Activated microglia produce a factor or cocktail of fact

261 However, the mechanisms by which activated microglia promote PCs degeneration in NPC are

262 direct concordance with GAD65 expression and activated microglia: proximal to the circumventricular o

263 We conclude that activated microglia release Gal-3 and a neuraminidase th

264 Activated microglia represent a common pathological feat

265 Here we investigated whether activated microglia secrete factors that promote the gen

266 Activated microglia secrete TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, whic

267 Once activated, microglia show changes in their morphology, c

268 Optic nerve cells cocultured with activated microglia showed a significant increase in the

269 Abeta plaques are surrounded by activated microglia, some of which are believed to be de

270 nt neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes and activated microglia strongly associated with the cerebra

271 with a significant increase in the number of activated microglia, supporting the idea that inflammati

272 d by the presence of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia surrounding amyloid plaques, implica

273 cephalitis, CD163 expression was detected in activated microglia surrounding SIV encephalitis lesions

274 Vaccinated animals developed activated microglia that colocalized with Abeta fibrils,

275 ovel mechanism of lysosomal pH regulation in activated microglia that is required for fAbeta degradat

276 ound a significant increase in the number of activated microglia that lasted at least 90 d.

277 rotein 18 kDa (TSPO) is overexpressed in the activated microglia that surround the beta-amyloid plaqu

278 exhibiting characteristics of alternatively activated microglia, the SVZ/RMS microglia were clearly

279 We have previously shown that activated microglia, through an ERK (extracellular signa

280 eakdown product of extracellular ATP, caused activated microglia to assume their characteristic amoeb

281 c neuronal lesion in mice for 25 d and found activated microglia to increase inflammation, alter syna

282 raphy with (11)C-(R)-PK11195, a biomarker of activated microglia, to investigate the normal-appearing

283 ce by pharmacological removal of chronically activated microglia using a colony stimulating factor 1

284 peripheral benzodiazepine receptor sites in activated microglia--using small-animal PET.

285 In the optic nerve, the highest density of activated microglia was found within the optic nerve hea

286 ortant element of the mechanism by which RAP activated microglia was its ability to cause LRP1 sheddi

287 Inflammation with activated microglia was observed in all grafts and at al

288 Phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons by activated microglia was poor in animals with unmanipulat

289 ED-1-labeled activated microglia were counted.

290 icroglia during disease progression, not all activated microglia were ED1-positive.

291 Expression of markers associated with activated microglia were examined by immunofluorescent s

292 Activated microglia were the main source of IL-10 in bra

293 L3 mice showed accumulation of alternatively activated microglia, whereas TTBK1 and TTBK1/JNPL3 mice

294 sion of both ClC-7 and Ostm1 is increased in activated microglia, which can account for the increased

295 n the hippocampus occurs in association with activated microglia, which can promote excitotoxic injur

296 This was driven by amoeboid (activated) microglia, with no change in the density of r

297 he absence of a damaged blood-brain barrier, activated microglia within and beyond lesions, increased

298 strate that a peripheral nerve injury causes activated microglia within reward circuitry that result

299 We hypothesized that activated microglia within the spinal cord facilitate in

300 ing macrophages from resident surveillant or activated microglia within tissue sections and by flow c