ライフサイエンスコーパス: adaxial

1 ments exhibit balanced expression of abaxial-adaxial (ab-ad) genes, while overexpression of a YABBY g

2 tion by regulating gene expression along the adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) and proximal-distal pol

3 ants develop distinct cell types along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axes.

4 and floral organs are polarized along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axis.

5 lants depends on the proper specification of adaxial-abaxial (upper-lower) polarity.

6 minar growth: patterning and coordination of adaxial-abaxial and mediolateral axes 713 VI.

7 leaf morphogenesis with patterning along the adaxial-abaxial and the proximal-distal axes.

8 of AS2 also led to a perturbation of normal adaxial-abaxial asymmetry in lateral organs, resulting i

9 unts for most of the total variance and that adaxial-abaxial asymmetry is the dominant component of f

10 In contrast, patterning in the adaxial-abaxial axis occurs progressively, with markers

11 Once an adaxial-abaxial axis of polarity is established within o

12 The adaxial-abaxial axis reflects positional differences in

13 lowering plants display polarity along their adaxial-abaxial axis with distinct cell types forming at

14 miR166 establish opposing domains along the adaxial-abaxial axis, thus revealing a novel mechanism o

15 ULT1 and KAN1 act oppositely to regulate the adaxial-abaxial axis.

16 a polarized organogenic zone prepatterns the adaxial-abaxial axis.

17 STF is expressed at the adaxial-abaxial boundary layer of leaf primordia and gov

18 ng is likely refined by signaling across the adaxial-abaxial boundary.

19 However, PD transport in the adaxial-abaxial direction was unaffected in cpd33 mutant

20 , so that the symmetry in the left-right and adaxial-abaxial directions can be considered separately

21 of both planar and nonplanar leaves through adaxial-abaxial domains of gene activity establishing a

22 rowth by promoting cell proliferation at the adaxial-abaxial junction.

23 xplains the establishment and maintenance of adaxial-abaxial leaf polarity.

24 e BOP proteins as proximal-distal as well as adaxial-abaxial patterning determinants.

25 ion of the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS) pathway to adaxial-abaxial patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana and d

26 enetic program dependent upon miRNAs governs adaxial-abaxial patterning of leaves and radial patterni

27 V1 plays a key role in determination of leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity and compound leaf patterning, w

28 KAN1 acting antagonistically to pattern the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis but jointly to pattern the

29 a role for BOP1 and BOP2 in establishing the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis in the leaf petiole, where

30 1 and AS2 contribute to the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity in plants.

31 ic analyses suggest that Rmr6 ensures proper adaxial-abaxial polarity of the leaf sheath by limiting

32 Taken together, these findings explain how adaxial-abaxial polarity patterns the mediolateral axis

33 RNA-the first positional signal described in adaxial-abaxial polarity.

34 leaves develop proximodistal, dorsoventral (adaxial-abaxial), and mediolateral patterns following in

35 In maize, adaxial/abaxial (dorsoventral) leaf polarity is establis

36 ibit a varying degree of asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial (upper/lower) axis.

37 ich a balance between the relative levels of adaxial/abaxial activities, rather than maintenance of b

38 Our results suggest that adaxial/abaxial asymmetry of lateral organs is specified

39 and growth of leaf blades is oriented by an adaxial/abaxial axis aligned with the original axis of p

40 primordia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis.

41 primordia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis.

42 leaves of rgd2-R mutant plants, swapping of adaxial/abaxial epidermal identity occurs and suggests a

43 Shifts in the expression domains of adaxial/abaxial genes have been shown to control leaf pe

44 aused by shifts in the expression domains of adaxial/abaxial genes, followed by differentiated region

45 nal information within the SAM, and leads to adaxial/abaxial patterning and mediolateral outgrowth of

46 ical meristem and are asymmetrical along the adaxial/abaxial plane from inception.

47 Juvenile transgenic leaves have normal adaxial/abaxial polarity and generate leaf blades in the

48 normal, suggesting that the specification of adaxial/abaxial polarity during vascular and primordia d

49 Adaxial/abaxial polarity is thought to be necessary for

50 facial (radially symmetrical) leaves lacking adaxial/abaxial polarity.

51 Dorsoventral (adaxial/abaxial) polarity of the maize leaf is establish

52 ecessary for trap formation, because ectopic adaxial activity at early stages gives radialized leaves

53 ere Rgd2-R(-) mutant leaves develop distinct adaxial and abaxial anatomical features.

54 Ectopic leaf flaps develop where adaxial and abaxial cell types juxtapose.

55 ies with simple leaves, the specification of adaxial and abaxial cells is important for formation of

56 In F. microcarpa, both adaxial and abaxial cystoliths efficiently contributed t

57 margins is mediated by the juxtaposition of adaxial and abaxial domains and maintained by WOX homeob

58 inforce and maintain the distinction between adaxial and abaxial domains in the growing leaf primordi

59 leaves expression is limited to cells of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, suggesting that th

60 ditional complications arise for determining adaxial and abaxial g(cw) .

61 hange instruments, i.e. a chamber mixing the adaxial and abaxial gases, allowing for a wide applicati

62 teraction between leaf primordium cells with adaxial and abaxial identities is necessary for lateral

63 ll distribution pattern is likely coupled to adaxial and abaxial intraleaf light gradients, including

64 -plant surface interactions, we analyzed the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface of holm oak (Quercus il

65 bility, and a reduction in stomatal index on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces.

66 two theca form at the tip, and each forms an adaxial and abaxial lobe composed of pluripotent Layer 1

67 ed distinct differences between waxes on the adaxial and abaxial petal sides and between epicuticular

68 PAHs on the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf were differentiated

69 tion patterns are generally different on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf.

70 ly attributed to stiffness gradients between adaxial and abaxial stem sides at the nanoscale.

71 tic moduli along the stem length and between adaxial and abaxial stem sides using atomic force micros

72 ents from stem tip to base, and also between adaxial and abaxial stem sides.

73 rmis, demonstrating a difference between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces in their response to GA wit

74 sities of wax crystalline structures on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of mature leaves.

75 ed 3 x 10(4) and 1.5 x 10(4) s m(-1) for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively.

76 simple technique to simultaneously estimate adaxial and abaxial values of g(cw) , tested in two amph

77 Adaxial and meristematic expression of rld1 is reduced i

78 ves results from the juxtaposition of upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing l

79 results from the interaction between upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing p

80 etween two inbreds lines and between ab- and adaxial anther florets indicated near identity: anther d

81 ower meristems exhibit a fundamental abaxial-adaxial asymmetry.

82 arctica provides anatomical evidence for the adaxial attachment of the seeds to the megaasporophyll i

83 nes demarcating the proximodistal or abaxial/adaxial axes of the organs.

84 ed in distinctive domains along radial or ab-adaxial axes, consistent with a range of developmental r

85 o proximo-distal, medio-lateral, and abaxial-adaxial axes.

86 LOB is expressed in a band of cells at the adaxial base of all lateral organs formed from the shoot

87 te (juvenile leaves) have trichomes on their adaxial, but not their abaxial surface, whereas leaves p

88 family member, display ectopic formation of adaxial carpel tissues only when the functions of other

89 Here we characterize an earlier set of adaxial cell behaviors; the transition from a roughly 4x

90 finding defects, suggesting the existence of adaxial cell derived guidance factors.

91 evealing essential roles of C&E movements in adaxial cell development.

92 mous requirement for Knypek and Trilobite in adaxial cell development.

93 ts indicate that AS2 is sufficient to induce adaxial cell fate and repress KNOX gene expression.

94 efined by their roles in determining abaxial/adaxial cell fate in lateral organs of eudicots, and rep

95 observations indicate an important role for adaxial cell fate in promoting the development of axiall

96 shion in leaf primordia and are required for adaxial cell fate.

97 ) and LeYABBY B (LeYAB B)] indicated that ab-adaxial cell fates were altered in mutant leaves.

98 at Lbl1 is required for the specification of adaxial cell identity within leaves and leaf-like latera

99 phenotypes, resulting from a partial loss of adaxial cell identity, include the formation of ectopic

100 decrease in cell size and number, change of adaxial cell identity, outgrowth of laminar-like tissue

101 ot needed for abaxial fate in the absence of adaxial cell specification, suggesting that it promotes

102 edundantly to promote the differentiation of adaxial cell types in the carpel walls, and in the estab

103 mordia results in dramatic transformation of adaxial cell types into abaxial ones, failure of lateral

104 n the replacement of abaxial cell types with adaxial cell types.

105 abaxialized leaves due to a complete loss of adaxial cell types.

106 Slow muscle fibers develop from adaxial cells and depend on Hedgehog signaling.

107 s, stac3 was initially expressed in myotomal adaxial cells and in fast muscle fibers post-segmentatio

108 molecule, Cap1, is specifically expressed in adaxial cells and is required for the progression of the

109 and we show that interactions between these adaxial cells and motor growth cones are likely to be tr

110 Hhip is strongly expressed by adaxial cells and, together with Patched, the Hedgehog r

111 Intriguingly, adaxial cells are themselves migratory, and as growth co

112 Adaxial cells become distinguishable in the presomitic m

113 Genetic ablation of adaxial cells causes profound pathfinding defects, sugge

114 Moreover, we show that this subset of adaxial cells delineates the common axonal path prior to

115 A subset of adaxial cells develop into engrailed-expressing muscle p

116 Adaxial cells differentiate into slow muscle fibers of t

117 a late stage of development when postmitotic adaxial cells differentiate into slow muscle fibers.

118 We find that adaxial cells display a highly stereotypical series of b

119 Cells next to adaxial cells form fast muscle.

120 way that it remains in this region after the adaxial cells have migrated toward the periphery of the

121 rect evidence to show that the deficiency of adaxial cells in knypek;trilobite double mutants is due

122 movements regulate the number of prospective adaxial cells specified during gastrulation by determini

123 Hedgehog signaling still contain postmitotic adaxial cells that differentiate into fast muscle fibers

124 We identified a subset of the adaxial cells to be sufficient to rescue the diwanka mot

125 Hedgehog (Hh) signals from notochord specify adaxial cells to form slow muscle cells.

126 ue declines, tight apposition of prospective adaxial cells to the notochord, which is achieved by con

127 ing can be restored by replacing the ablated adaxial cells with ones transplanted from wild-type embr

128 genesis, slow-twitch muscle derives from the adaxial cells, a layer of paraxial mesoderm that differe

129 Zebrafish slow muscle cells develop from adaxial cells, a one-cell-diameter-thick pseudo-epitheli

130 omitic mesoderm (PSM), newly formed somites, adaxial cells, and head mesoderm.

131 The medial cells, known as adaxial cells, are large, cuboidal cells adjacent to the

132 sh embryo, a subset of mesodermal cells, the adaxial cells, delineates the prospective path of pionee

133 deficit in slow muscles and their precursor, adaxial cells, revealing essential roles of C&E movement

134 ion earlier, and myod and myf5 expression in adaxial cells, the earliest muscle precursors, requires

135 nsistent with this idea, surgical removal of adaxial cells, which are slow muscle precursors, results

136 icient to promote slow muscle formation from adaxial cells.

137 n of the Hedgehog signaling by Smoothened to adaxial cells.

138 l layer to direct normal development of more adaxial cells.

139 red in a small set of myotomal cells, called adaxial cells.

140 th ECM by slow muscle precursors also called adaxial cells.

141 defects in differentiation and migration of adaxial cells/slow muscle fibers, as well as mutants wit

142 y shaped and separated from the notochord by adaxial cells; they do not express myoD until after somi

143 In the zebrafish, the "adaxial" cells adjacent to the notochord are the first m

144 al pattern that can be considered to have an adaxial (central)-abaxial (peripheral) polarity.

145 that causes altered leaf polarity such that adaxial characters develop in place of abaxial leaf char

146 ferent from those specifying the identity of adaxial-derived embryonic slow-muscle fibers.

147 gnaling is required for the specification of adaxial-derived slow-muscle fibers in the embryo [4, 5],

148 epressive mechanism in the regulation of the adaxial determinant TAS3A.

149 III) transcription factor family specify the adaxial domain (future upper side) of the leaf, while an

150 mbryos, and in the shoot apical meristem and adaxial domain of cotyledons of heart stage embryos.

151 gulation of PHAN is sufficient to reduce the adaxial domain of leaf primordia and to change pinnate c

152 ch targets ETT and ARF4, is expressed in the adaxial domain, and ett as1 ago7 triple mutants resemble

153 ous plant Utricularia gibba, the upper leaf (adaxial) domain is restricted to a small region of the p

154 ession patterns suggest that the abaxial and adaxial domains of leaf primordia are important for leaf

155 ion of the abaxial identity factor miR166 in adaxial domains.

156 l meristem as polar structures with distinct adaxial (dorsal) and abaxial (ventral) sides.

157 zygomorphic flowers and the determination of adaxial (dorsal) identity of floral organs, including ad

158 symmetry gene CYCLOIDEA (CYC) demarcate the adaxial (dorsal) region of the flower in typical papilio

159 Adaxial elongate stigmatic crests are conspicuous on eac

160 s a cell fate determining signal to/from the adaxial epidermis and controls the dorsoventral patterni

161 ermis of wild type plants, were found in the adaxial epidermis in nsn1 leaves, suggesting a disorient

162 Analysis of the adaxial epidermis of mature leaves revealed that silence

163 nduces earlier formation of trichomes on the adaxial epidermis than on the abaxial epidermis, demonst

164 S VOLATILE EMISSION REGULATOR (EVER)-a petal adaxial epidermis-specific MYB activator that affects th

165 ed array of cell wall nano-structure, on the adaxial epidermis.

166 of cell wall nano-structure on the localized adaxial epidermis.

167 ike outgrowths or hyperplasia tissues in the adaxial epidermis.

168 Here, we report that adaxial-expressed MONOPTEROS (MP) and abaxial-enriched a

169 ain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) protein whose adaxial expression is spatially defined by miRNA166-dire

170 g that lbl1 acts upstream of rld1 to specify adaxial fate during primordium development.

171 main gene PHANTASTICA (PHAN) is required for adaxial fate in many plants , but the Arabidopsis orthol

172 in the eye, ventral fates in the brain, and adaxial fates in somites and head mesenchyme.

173 xpansion of the sclerotome at the expense of adaxial fates in the posterior somites.

174 nsion occurs as a result of balanced abaxial-adaxial gene expression.

175 ze blue light responses from chloroplasts of adaxial guard cells from Pima cotton (Gossypium barbaden

176 rning defect is enhanced by mutations in the adaxial HD-ZIPIII gene REVOLUTA (REV), and is suppressed

177 tionally controls the behavior of cells with adaxial identity in vegetative tissues, providing eviden

178 ritical players in the determination of leaf adaxial identity mediated by microRNA165/166.

179 ng roles of GRAM in promoting and inhibiting adaxial identity might serve to reinforce and maintain t

180 tously expressed PHANTASTICA gene to promote adaxial identity via intercellular signalling.

181 Mutant leaves partially lost their adaxial identity.

182 g that it promotes abaxial fate by excluding adaxial identity.

183 rimordia to initiate leaves and specify leaf adaxial identity.

184 nd synergistically control the expression of adaxial-identity genes, HOMEOBOX ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 3

185 tes both to abaxial cell fate and to abaxial/adaxial juxtaposition-mediated lamina expansion.

186 y SAMs develop in close association with the adaxial leaf base at the junction of the leaf and stem (

187 Several lines of evidence indicate that the adaxial leaf domain possesses a unique competence to for

188 be expressed or active preferentially in the adaxial leaf domain.

189 meristem activity and the differentiation of adaxial leaf fate has been recognized for over fifty yea

190 nction to promote both meristem activity and adaxial leaf fate.

191 tor genes cause transformation of abaxial to adaxial leaf fates by altering a microRNA complementary

192 ic transformation of abaxial leaf fates into adaxial leaf fates.

193 This domain consists of adaxial leaf primordia and the meristem.

194 etimes associated with abaxialization of the adaxial leaf regions, which constitutes a "switch".

195 y between abaxialized, mutant sectors on the adaxial leaf surface and the bifurcation of leaves.

196 lacement of the blade/sheath boundary on the adaxial leaf surface.

197 and to a decrease in trichome number on the adaxial leaf surface.

198 em II, based on fluorescence measurements of adaxial leaf surfaces, and we suspect that UV-B impaired

199 ver the leaf surface and between abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, with distribution greatly influen

200 vature, apical hook maintenance, and abaxial/adaxial leaf-blade expansion.

201 The glycoprotein character, adaxial-leaf-surface enrichment of, and renewability of

202 least two types occur on the morphologically adaxial lip surface of Dienia: namely, simple secretions

203 The maize ligule is an adaxial membranous structure on the leaf that develops a

204 es in body size, the central nervous system, adaxial mesoderm, cartilage and pectoral fins.

205 leaf blades in the normal position, but the adaxial mesophyll shows disorganized patterns of cell di

206 homologue, display enhanced floor plate and adaxial muscle phenotypes.

207 at pre-existing clusters on early-born slow (adaxial) muscle fibers were incorporated into NMJs as ax

208 Slow muscle derives from medial adaxial myoblasts that differentiate early, whereas fast

209 Thus, Hh-dependent adaxial myogenesis is the likely ancestral condition of

210 f signalling is less effective at initiating adaxial myogenesis, which is instead initiated by Hedgeh

211 position of the abaxial (always present) and adaxial (occurring only in young leaves) trichomes were

212 ve transformation of abaxial cell types into adaxial ones and a correlated loss of lamina formation.

213 re is a replacement of abaxial cell types by adaxial ones in most lateral organs.

214 growth of leaves, as mutants lacking either adaxial or abaxial cell types often develop radially sym

215 gh Rgd2-R(-) mutants exhibit no reduction in adaxial or abaxial cell types, areas of epidermal cell s

216 YABBY proteins) are expressed in either the adaxial or abaxial domain of organ primordia where they

217 latory interactions between genes specifying adaxial or abaxial fates function to maintain dorsoventr

218 teractions between genes that promote either adaxial or abaxial identity, but the molecular basis of

219 a signal from the shoot tip which specifies adaxial organ identity and results in repression of abax

220 that KANADI1 (KAN1) and KAN2 act to promote adaxial organ identity in addition to their well-known r

221 expression, and internal symmetry of Mohavea adaxial petals is correlated with a reduction in DICH ex

222 ing adaxial stamen abortion and asymmetry of adaxial petals.

223 rential expression with higher expression in adaxial petals.

224 ially accumulated exclusively in internal or adaxial phloem-associated cells in stems above the inocu

225 Affected leaves have disrupted abaxial-adaxial polarity and fail to repress the expression of m

226 Here, we show that co-option of the abaxial-adaxial polarity gene network plays a role in the evolut

227 prise a genetic system that patterns abaxial-adaxial polarity in lateral organs produced from the api

228 ecular genetic mechanisms underlying abaxial-adaxial polarity in plants have been studied as a proper

229 the role of INO in the outgrowth and abaxial-adaxial polarity of the outer integument has been conser

230 ch promotes leaf cell fate specification and adaxial polarity.

231 AS2 activation specifically in the proximal, adaxial region of the leaf, demonstrating a role for the

232 shows that these genes are expressed in the adaxial region of the typical papilionoid flower of Lupi

233 We show that the adaxial regulator ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) is a direct t

234 etal surface is relatively flat, whereas the adaxial side consists of conical epidermis cells, render

235 profiled the expression of each clone in the adaxial side during the same period.

236 apical meristem with inherent polarity; the adaxial side faces the meristem, while the abaxial side

237 , we have compared steady-state RNA from the adaxial side from which embryos develop and from the aba

238 erman (sup) mutants integument growth on the adaxial side is nearly equal to wild-type growth on the

239 tional relationship: organ primordia have an adaxial side next to the meristem, and an abaxial one aw

240 a-siRNA) biogenesis pathway that acts on the adaxial side of developing leaves and demarcates the dom

241 maize yabby gene family are expressed on the adaxial side of incipient and developing leaf primordia.

242 Somatic embryos develop from the adaxial side of the cotyledon, whereas the abaxial side

243 and genes indicative of cell division in the adaxial side of the cotyledons suggest that the arrangem

244 op dramatic ectopic lamina outgrowths on the adaxial side of the leaf in an as1 mutant background.

245 , but only to a very limited extent from the adaxial side of the ovule.

246 abaxial side of the petiole relative to the adaxial side was implemented.

247 abaxial side of the petiole relative to the adaxial side).

248 For the adaxial side, it is concluded that trichomes and the sca

249 al organs, NUB is restricted to the interior adaxial side.

250 r defined source of biogenesis on the upper (adaxial) side of leaves to the lower (abaxial) side to c

251 This is because the future upper (adaxial) side of the leaf develops from cells closer to

252 f age, with higher values determined for the adaxial sides.

253 e medial compartment, Myf5 and/or Myod drive adaxial slow fibre and medial fast fibre differentiation

254 le precursors, whereas its expression in the adaxial slow muscle precursors was largely unaffected.

255 dependent on Fgf signals) myod expression in adaxial slow precursors, thereby initiating trunk myogen

256 ent processes, sclerotomal specification and adaxial specification in the first five somites, are not

257 arity by up-regulating the expression of the adaxial-specifying HD-ZIP gene PHABULOSA.

258 dorsal) identity of floral organs, including adaxial stamen abortion and asymmetry of adaxial petals.

259 ive to Antirrhinum, aborting the lateral and adaxial stamens during flower development.

260 of the family, such as anatomical reduction, adaxial stomata, lack of stomatal closure, and carbon se

261 eater carbon assimilation, along with higher adaxial stomatal conductance, which would also support g

262 gle trait but was positively correlated with adaxial stomatal densities (SD(ada) ), stomatal ratio (S

263 nificantly greater stomatal densities on the adaxial surface and towards the leaf tip in both genotyp

264 hich possess trichomes (leaf hairs) on their adaxial surface but not their abaxial surface.

265 Higher photosynthetic capacity on the adaxial surface facilitates greater carbon assimilation,

266 The attachement of the ovules on the adaxial surface of a leaf-like megasporophyll, combined

267 Imaging further showed that the adaxial surface of both cv HI10 and cv Spence contained

268 esis, resulting in trichome reduction on the adaxial surface of cauline leaves, thereby illuminating

269 losphaira vitifoliae, induces stomata on the adaxial surface of grape leaves where stomata typically

270 Its presence causes the adaxial surface of leaves to fluoresce blue under UV lig

271 of growth from three-dimensional data at the adaxial surface of leaves.

272 otes the formation of papillate cells on the adaxial surface of M. polymorpha, which is consisitent w

273 earlier accumulation of wax crystals on the adaxial surface of newly expanded leaves and higher dens

274 patterns, with a few strains preferring the adaxial surface while most are more virulent on the abax

275 at flag leaves have greater densities on the adaxial surface.

276 wo surfaces: the lower abaxial and the upper adaxial surface.

277 The upper (adaxial) surface is usually different from the bottom (a

278 tabolites and cuticle monomers on the upper (adaxial) surface of the petals on both the white/smooth

279 na (L.) Heynh., trichomes are present on the adaxial surfaces of all rosette leaves but are absent fr

280 The adaxial surfaces were wettable and had a high degree of

281 e deposition of water drops onto abaxial and adaxial surfaces, evidence for water penetration through

282 , mid-, and basal zones for both abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

283 distribution of trichomes on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

284 attern of one of these has expanded from the adaxial to the lateral and abaxial regions of the coroll

285 ovided, in part, by the boundary between the adaxial (top) and abaxial (bottom) domains of the leaf,

286 er) leaves and to the roots, than dosing the adaxial (top) side of a leaf.

287 these mutations also accelerate the loss of adaxial trichomes (a trait typical of bracts), reduce th

288 The loss of adaxial trichomes is likely to be a consequence of flora

289 oduction and the extent to which bracts lack adaxial trichomes varies in different ecotypes.

290 hat the juxtaposition of abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) cell fates (dorsiventrality) in leaf pri

291 A (PHAN) is involved in maintaining the leaf adaxial (upper) domain.

292 In adaxial (upper) guard cells, low fluence rates of blue l

293 Once specified, leaves differentiate an adaxial (upper) side specialized for light capture, and

294 r tissue, the shoot apical meristem, and the adaxial (upper) sides of lateral organ primordia.

295 racts) may have few or no trichomes on their adaxial (upper) surface.

296 leaf surface closest to the meristem is the adaxial (upper, dorsal) surface whereas the opposite lea

297 D-ZIPIII) transcription factors that specify adaxial/upper fate.

298 1) are required for the specification of the adaxial/upper leaf surface.

299 of positional information along the radial (adaxial versus abaxial or central versus peripheral) dim

300 Moreover, within the adaxial wax, the epicuticular layer contained more wax a