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1 oregulation, tactile sensing, signalling and aerodynamics.
3 y reveals how flies achieve their remarkable aerodynamic agility with only a small number of wing mus
4 ifunctional organs, capable of sophisticated aerodynamic and inertial dynamics not previously observe
5 el of rat nasal cavity to simulate the nasal aerodynamics and sorption patterns for a large number of
7 spatially integrated LAD when differences in aerodynamic attributes (e.g., foliage drag) were account
8 eling, we have experimented with an array of aerodynamic baffles on the surface behind a set of turbo
10 tures and (Part 2) a complex multi-connected aerodynamic bracket with field-based stress meta-topolog
12 This system is designed to provide optimal aerodynamic carrier size for deep lung delivery, improve
14 instructor in DPI use should be aware of the aerodynamic characteristics of each individual trainer.
17 : (i) non-transpirational water fluxes; (ii) aerodynamic conductance; (iii) meteorological deviations
18 ith light and ultrathin structures that meet aerodynamic constraints on wing weight and thickness.
19 g birds maintain environmental awareness and aerodynamic control by sleeping with only one eye closed
22 e-based estimates of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm (PM(2).(5)) and nitrog
23 term exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mum (PM2.5) in urban and nonu
25 ts of exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter </= 10 mum (PM10) and to nitrogen d
26 r ozone and/or PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter </= 10 mum) to estimate and compare
27 eported associations between fine particles (aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 microm; PM2.5) and mortalit
28 O2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 mum (PM2.5) and 10 mum (PM1
29 carbon, total and nontraffic particles with aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 mum (PM2.5), carbon monoxid
30 pollution exposure [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 mum (PM2.5), nitrogen oxide
31 ust (200 mug/m(3) particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 mum [PM2.5]) and filtered a
32 vidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5; aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 mum) can exacerbate asthmat
33 bient PM2.5, (i.e., fine particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 mum) has been associated wi
36 Using mortality and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter </=2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) component d
37 concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter </=2.5 microm (PM2.5), black carbon
39 itrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter </=2.5 microm) and umbilical cord b
40 , fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter </=2.5 microm; PM(2.5)), speciated
41 aternal residential PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter </=2.5 mum) exposure during pregnan
42 alth effects of PM1 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <1 mum), which are a major part of
43 <2.5 mum, 7% for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 mum, and 22% for sulfur dioxide
44 ultrafine particles (UFP; particles with an aerodynamic diameter <100 nm) and ambient concentrations
45 en dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 (PM2.5) had adverse effects on
46 suggests exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum (PM2.5) may increase the r
47 ual oil fly ash fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum (ROFA PM(2.5)) to morbidit
48 major part of PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum) and even potentially more
49 inhalable fine particulate matter (PM(2.5), aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum) on public health is of gr
51 n oxides, 10% for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum, 7% for particulate matter
52 ly life exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mum; PM2.5) and its joint effe
53 emental carbon (EC), and fine particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 um (PM2.5)] were measured at c
54 Modeled estimates of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5microm (PM2.5) (1999-2004), nit
55 ution [black carbon, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5mum (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides],
56 eath and annual mean particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5mum, 2.5-10mum, and <10mum (PM2
57 tions of exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mum (PM10), nitrogen dioxide
58 ong-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mum (PM2.5) and poor cogniti
59 Ambient fine particulate air pollution with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mum (PM2.5) is an important
60 assessments of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mum (PM2.5), carbon monoxide
61 en monoxide, particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter <=10 mum, PM with an aerodynamic di
62 an aerodynamic diameter <=2.5mum, PM with an aerodynamic diameter <=1mum, number of particles with a
63 rticulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <=2.5 mum (PM2.5)) and risk of gest
64 ioxide [NO(2)] or particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <=2.5 mum [PM(2.5)]) and other impo
65 t fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter <=2.5 mum; PM(2.5)) have generally
67 an aerodynamic diameter <=10 mum, PM with an aerodynamic diameter <=2.5mum, PM with an aerodynamic di
68 ther nanoscale particulate matter (nPM) with aerodynamic diameter <=200 nm have similar adverse metab
69 articulate matter [PM [Formula: see text] in aerodynamic diameter ([Formula: see text])] and black ca
70 ropogenic radionuclides, the activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) ranged between 0.25 and 0.71
71 and a micro-orifice impactor with the cutoff aerodynamic diameter (d(pa50)) of 4 mum and 100 nm, resp
72 urce-specific particulate matter <=10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) during each trimester, 0-6
74 ent levels of particulate matter <2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) and the risk of preterm b
75 m exposure to particulate matter <2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)), are linked with cardiova
76 nual average particulate matter <=2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)), ozone (O(3)), and nitrog
78 te matter less than or equal to 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) were positively associated w
79 fine particles) and PM < 2.5 and < 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) and
80 particulate matter < 2.5 mum and < 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) and
81 ient particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) across the contiguous Unite
82 g particulate matter less than 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and blood pressure measures
83 ween daily particles less than 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and deaths, but they have b
84 bient fine particulate matter </= 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and incidence and mortality
85 e matter less than or equal to 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and particulate matter less
86 re to fine particulate matter </= 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and term low birth weight (
87 daytime, nighttime, and 24 h PM of <2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and total suspended particu
88 ls of fine particulate matter <2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) are associated with increas
89 rce-specific particulate matter < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) based on a chemical mass ba
91 e to ambient particulate matter < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been associated with ad
94 and ambient particulate matter <= 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) partially mediated the esti
95 late matter (particulate matter <=2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)) during pregnancy is associ
97 ncluding ambient particulate matter <2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), black carbon, sulfate, par
98 easured particulate matter less than 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), formaldehyde, nitrogen dio
99 an ambient particulate matter </= 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitr
100 ing fine particulate matter [PM < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] with the Enhanced Children
101 and fine particulate matter [PM < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], exposure during the final
102 ciations between exposure to PM < 1.0 mum in aerodynamic diameter (ultrafine particles) and PM < 2.5
103 models were adjusted for fine particles with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see
104 in the C-R associations between with PM with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see
105 particulate matter [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see
106 Formula: see text]), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see
107 to exposure to fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see
108 yrene (BaP) nor fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see
109 ir pollution (particulate matter <2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter [PM(2.5)] and carbon monoxide [CO])
111 d particulate matter less than 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter and inverse associations with expos
112 n to particle mass in the range 0.9-11.5 mum aerodynamic diameter and mean contributions (+/- s.e.) a
113 home indoor concentration of PM <=2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter and PM <=10 mum in aerodynamic diam
117 erage particulate matter less than 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter exposure during the first year of l
118 late matter less than or equal to 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter exposure over the 6 weeks before pr
119 hly porous internal structure and an optimal aerodynamic diameter for effective deep lung delivery.
120 in 2002 for particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 (PM(10)) and less than
121 level of ozone or particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm and lung functi
122 concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mum (PM(10)) from road
123 emical components of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mum (PM10) and daily e
124 in 3-day average exposure to particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum (3.6-mug/m(3) IQR
125 ed mean concentrations of particle mass with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5) and ozone
126 rticulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum [PM2.5]) on daily
127 the relationship of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum and nitrogen diox
128 justed estimates for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum indicated that fo
129 sions to PM(2.5) (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum) and the impacts
130 trogen dioxide or particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mum, the negative ass
132 ted the impact of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 mum (PM10)
133 r values of particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 mum in dia
134 /m(3) increase in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm (o
135 posure to outdoor particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm (P
136 ution, defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microm (P
137 ues of fine particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mum (PM(2
138 concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mum (PM2.
139 rticulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mum (PM2.
140 atter, defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mum (PM2.
141 rage) exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mum (PM2.
142 rticulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mum (PM2.
143 rticle mass [particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of </= 2.5 mum (PM2.5)] and in the
144 iations between particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of </=2.5 mum (PM2.5) and adult mor
145 oxides [NOx] and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 mum [PM10]) for residential,
146 mum [PM(2.5)] and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 mum) were significantly asso
147 osure to PM(2.5) (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 mum) concentration between
149 s, including particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of <= 10 mum or 2.5 mum (PM10 and P
150 lutants-including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <= 2.5 mum (PM2.5), black carbon
151 late matter (fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <=2.5 mum [PM(2.5)] and particul
152 % was attained for particles with an average aerodynamic diameter of 1 mum, a typical size for bacter
153 associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm or less (PM2.5) and p
154 related, exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm or less (PM2.5).
155 e, and among them particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5)
156 concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mum or less (PM(2).(5)) and
158 hanges in ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mum or less (PM2.5) amount t
159 al concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mum or less (PM2.5) and cogn
160 ease and exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mum or less (PM2.5) in a coh
163 n dioxide, ozone, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 microm (PM10) and l
164 risk associated with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 microns was higher
165 than 2.5 microns and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 microns, ozone (O3)
166 of exhaust particles, and particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 mum (PM(10)), mainl
167 ze, and levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 mum (PM10), as well
168 osure to prenatal particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) an
169 maternal asthma and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns and partic
170 1 and FVC) and of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 mum (P= 0.008 for
171 concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5), less
172 outdoor levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5), the m
173 iculate matter (particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 mum [PM2.5]) and o
174 ogical agents are functions of the effective aerodynamic diameter of the particles, environmental ass
175 rticulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 2.5 mum [PM2.5]) and NO2 c
176 ith reduced effect of indoor PM <=2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter on symptoms (P < 0.01), whereas hig
177 h amplified effect of indoor PM <=2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter on symptoms and circulating neutrop
178 ulate matter less than or equal to 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter with infective exacerbations was al
179 opting a standard protocol into powders with aerodynamic diameter within the suitable range for lower
180 ed particulate matter (PM), including PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter</=2.5 mum), black carbon (BC), and
181 M2.5 levels (particulate matter < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter) affected the probability of becomi
182 full size distribution (from 0 to 100 mum in aerodynamic diameter) and chemical/biological compositio
183 (PM2.5; particulate matter </= 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and health end points has been obs
184 tter air pollution (PM(2.5); < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) induces endothelial dysfunction an
186 oarse particulate matter (PM10; </=10 mum in aerodynamic diameter), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbo
187 birth; PM2.5 (particulate matter </=2.5mm in aerodynamic diameter); breast feeding duration; child's
188 red in all aerosol fractions (5.0% in >4 mum aerodynamic diameter, 75.5% in 1-4 mum, and 19.5% in <1
189 um-containing particles peaking at 150 nm in aerodynamic diameter, a value similar to that measured f
190 m in aerodynamic diameter and PM <=10 mum in aerodynamic diameter, dietary intake of omega-3 and omeg
191 istics for aerosol delivery with mass median aerodynamic diameter, geometric standard deviation, resp
192 black carbon, particulate matter <2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide
193 late matter less than or equal to 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide
194 ss than 10 microm or less than 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide,
195 ulate matter less than or equal to 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and ozon
196 particulate matter </= 2.5 and </= 10 microm aerodynamic diameter, respectively) exposures for 940 pa
199 exposed to ultrafine particles (< 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter; CAPS) using the Harvard University
200 e deep lung requires particles with a 1-5mum aerodynamic diameter; however, particles with a geometri
201 ticulate matter (particulate matter <=2.5 um aerodynamic diameter; PM(2.5)) and particle radioactivit
202 ine particulate matter (PM </= 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter; PM(2.5)), are associated with prem
203 ions with particulate matter (</= 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) pollution measured by commu
205 ent fine particulate matter (PM2.5 : PM with aerodynamic diameters <2.5mum) on brain volumes in older
206 a single point for individual particles with aerodynamic diameters <400 nm (prior to impaction and sp
207 apalapa, a municipality of Mexico City, with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 mum (PM2.5) and 10 mum (
209 aerosol particles (especially particles with aerodynamic diameters equal to or less than 2.5 mum, cal
210 tween specific fine-particle (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 microm; PM2.5) const
211 al outdoor levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 mum, less than 10 mu
213 nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of </=2.5 microm (PM2.5), 2.5 micr
214 06 mum (DCH) to 3.47 +/- 0.05 mum (MCD); the aerodynamic diameters were about 1.1 mum and their drug
215 ure individual particle compositions, vacuum aerodynamic diameters, and particle DSFs in two flow reg
216 tre-sized objects) are first concentrated by aerodynamic drag and then gravitationally collapse to fo
219 ds the largest abatement in thermal load and aerodynamic drag, while subsonic or fluctuating ones can
221 3D printed dog's nose revealed the external aerodynamics during canine sniffing, where ventral-later
222 the dilution parameters into two groups: (1) aerodynamics (e.g., mixing types, mixing enhancers, dilu
224 inforced piezoelectric actuators to increase aerodynamic efficiency (by up to 29 per cent relative to
225 flexibility is known to be important to the aerodynamic efficiency of insect wings, and to the funct
227 n removing the ultrafine particles (PMs with aerodynamic equivalent diameters of less than 100 nm) in
228 he two muscles that generate the majority of aerodynamic force for flight show unmodified contractile
229 amiliar separated flow patterns, much of the aerodynamic force that supports their weight is generate
230 and body mass distributions, we examined net aerodynamic forces and body orientations in slowly flyin
231 how birds use lift and drag, here we report aerodynamic forces and kinematics of Pacific parrotlets
232 ational fluid dynamics (CFD) to estimate the aerodynamic forces generated by observed wing motions.
233 at higher frequencies to generate sufficient aerodynamic forces to stay aloft; it also poses challeng
234 lso show that this maneuver does not rely on aerodynamic forces, and furthermore that a fruit fly, wi
236 Uncharged droplets first break up due to aerodynamics forces until they are in the 2-4 mum size r
237 equency as the wings, although they serve no aerodynamic function [10] and are thought to act as gyro
238 feathers first evolved in dinosaurs for non-aerodynamic functions, later being adapted to form lifti
239 ospheric stability were calculated using the Aerodynamic Gradient and Eddy Correlation techniques.
240 re, we incorporate a recently commercialized aerodynamic high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility
242 veal that a potential unifying parameter for aerodynamics, i.e., the dilution rate of exhaust, plays
243 g bird, although a definitive account of the aerodynamic implications of these formations has remaine
245 rine and geosciences, intracellular sensing, aerodynamics, industry and biotechnology, among others.
246 We validated the principle that encoding aerodynamic information can enable collision avoidance b
250 hat all species tested employ the myoelastic-aerodynamic (MEAD) mechanism, the same mechanism used to
251 omated tracking of flies in combination with aerodynamic measurements on flapping robots, we show tha
252 ait, its date of origin, and the fundamental aerodynamic mechanisms by which unidirectional flow aris
254 ch freely flying insects make use of passive aerodynamic mechanisms to provide proverse roll-yaw turn
255 support away from the translation-dominated, aerodynamic mechanisms used by most insects, as well as
259 ot sensitive to gas-phase species due to the aerodynamic particle focusing inlet system which reduces
261 from a dry powder inhaler while sampling for aerodynamic particle size distributions (APSD) by inerti
262 anning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and revealed four size
263 scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were utilized for parti
264 tween 0.37 and 20 mum were measured using an aerodynamic particle spectrometer.Measurements and Main
269 ceae), linking fruit biomechanics, dispersal aerodynamics, pericarp-imposed dormancy, diaspore abscis
270 Hummingbirds are suitable models for linking aerodynamic perturbations to flight control strategies,
272 sult in a minimum 2.2% increase in the total aerodynamic power requirements if the wingbeats were ful
274 cular flight behaviours can be assessed with aerodynamic predictions and placed in an ecomorphologica
276 materials include airfoils that change their aerodynamic profile, vehicles with camouflage abilities,
278 non-specificity, and difficulty in combining aerodynamic properties with efficient cellular uptake.
279 ications for how the radiative, surface, and aerodynamic properties, and the fate of soot particles a
280 heir unusually heavy wings-rather than their aerodynamic properties-to help them perform acrobatic ma
283 air toward the nose, thereby extending the "aerodynamic reach" for inspiration of otherwise inaccess
284 n Koshihikari; however, the presence of high aerodynamic resistance in the natural field and lower ca
285 For the former, we demonstrate enhanced aerodynamic sampling of ions from the mobility cell into
288 tive analysis of aerosols according to their aerodynamic size were performed in France, Austria, the
290 forest loss on albedo, eco-physiological and aerodynamic surface properties, and turbulent energy flu
294 teven Portugal introduces the behavioral and aerodynamic underpinnings of aerial flocking in birds.
296 rs or other physical mechanisms, and similar aerodynamic valves seem to be present in crocodilians.
297 Unidirectional flow in birds results from aerodynamic valves, rather than from sphincters or other
299 lack carbon, fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic with diameter less than 2.5 mum, sulfur diox
300 patterns imposed by the interaction of nasal aerodynamics with physiochemical properties of odorants,