ライフサイエンスコーパス: allorecognition

1 text of conspecific non-self-discrimination (allorecognition).

2 ely propagated through the direct pathway of allorecognition.

3 ably an intact role of the direct pathway of allorecognition.

4 may engage both direct and indirect antigen allorecognition.

5 to both the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition.

6 hyporesponsiveness in the direct pathway of allorecognition.

7 + direct allorecognition or by CD4+ indirect allorecognition.

8 e if autoreactivity was induced after direct allorecognition.

9 d peptide-MHC complex in peptide-independent allorecognition.

10 pendent on CD4(+) T-cell help after indirect allorecognition.

11 ith the MHC, in directing the specificity of allorecognition.

12 ymphocytes primed by the indirect pathway of allorecognition.

13 propose a third, semidirect, pathway of MHC allorecognition.

14 t MHC-bound peptides play a critical role in allorecognition.

15 for the direct and the indirect pathways of allorecognition.

16 raft survival by avoiding the aforementioned allorecognition.

17 chemotaxis, bacteria-host interactions, and allorecognition.

18 has important implications for understanding allorecognition.

19 molecules, i.e., via the indirect pathway of allorecognition.

20 ements are involved in the direct pathway of allorecognition.

21 phocyte (CTL) precursors' priming via direct allorecognition.

22 present a "response-to-wounding" rather than allorecognition.

23 reflect a common origin of cell adhesion and allorecognition.

24 ar composition to assess causal triggers for allorecognition.

25 pts and empirical evidence supporting innate allorecognition.

26 been considered as the only cells capable of allorecognition.

27 of CWR-1 was ruled out as a major factor for allorecognition.

28 for the exquisite specificity of Hydractinia allorecognition.

29 lish a platform for advancing the science of allorecognition.

30 fication, cell adhesion, innate immunity and allorecognition.

31 a model system for the study of invertebrate allorecognition.

32 ation on the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition.

33 MHC mismatch through the indirect pathway of allorecognition.

34 gnition is controlled by at least two genes, Allorecognition 1 (Alr1) and Allorecognition 2 (Alr2), w

35 east two genes, Allorecognition 1 (Alr1) and Allorecognition 2 (Alr2), which encode highly polymorphi

36 donor CD4 T cells by the indirect pathway of allorecognition, a phenomenon that requires DC-derived,

37 block T-cell responses generated by indirect allorecognition after lung transplantation may provide a

38 viding insight into the relationship between allorecognition, altruism, and exploitation.

39 g evidence of a direct link between indirect allorecognition and acquired thymic tolerance.

40 As both indirect allorecognition and autoantigen recognition are self-res

41 reign peptides through the direct pathway of allorecognition and can additionally recognize allopepti

42 These results definitively link indirect allorecognition and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

43 or class II antigens were used to study the allorecognition and effector pathways of islet allograft

44 e latest developments in the study of innate allorecognition and innate immune memory in transplantat

45 However, the recent discovery of innate allorecognition and innate immune memory presents novel

46 Further understanding of innate allorecognition and its consequences would provide essen

47 othelium can act as an APC for CD8(+) direct allorecognition and may, therefore, play an important ro

48 make them specific for the direct pathway of allorecognition and more sensitive in the case of the HT

49 elineate the cellular mechanisms of indirect allorecognition and provide a potential strategy to stud

50 The concurrence of allorecognition and recurrence of autoimmunity might exp

51 esent a new clinically relevant mechanism of allorecognition and should be taken into consideration w

52 leukocyte removal during EVLP reduces direct allorecognition and T cell priming, diminishing recipien

53 ggest that CAV is dependent on CD4+ indirect allorecognition and that CD8+ direct allorecognition sti

54 finitive evidence of a link between indirect allorecognition and the development and progression of c

55 tigen to T cells via the indirect pathway of allorecognition and the generation of donor specific all

56 New insights into the mechanisms of allorecognition and the interactions of the TCR with the

57 ype APCs with those of recipient-type alters allorecognition and the pathogenesis of both acute and c

58 Understanding the events leading to allorecognition and the subsequent effector pathways eng

59 not play an important role in CD4(+) direct allorecognition and thus does not contribute to the vigo

60 ese subsets have been shown to be capable of allorecognition and/or of regulating alloreactive adapti

61 onspecific genetically distinct individuals (allorecognition) and serves as a defense mechanism again

62 istocompatibility complex peptides (indirect allorecognition), and autoreactive T cells directed agai

63 id cell subsets during ischemia/reperfusion, allorecognition, and graft rejection.

64 In the current study we considered allorecognition as an approach for activating CTL capabl

65 n of chronic rejection, implicating indirect allorecognition as the predominant immunological driving

66 tory cytokine IL-17 enhances cytotoxicity in allorecognition assays.

67 We here evaded natural allorecognition barriers by generating well mixed embryo

68 studies have uncovered a mechanism of innate allorecognition based on detection of the polymorphic mo

69 a conformational epitope for direct-pathway allorecognition, because B6 DCs isolated from cocultures

70 tal trophoblast cells, potentially involving allorecognition by both T cells and natural killer (NK)

71 Finally, it has been suggested that indirect allorecognition by CD4+ T cells mediate graft rejection

72 fully allogeneic grafts (direct and indirect allorecognition by CD4+ T cells) compared to MHC-class I

73 histocompatibility Ag, with implications in allorecognition by cytolytic T cells in solid organ and

74 By contrast, definitive evidence that allorecognition by decidual T cells occurs during the fi

75 iously described how graft-versus-host (GVH) allorecognition by passenger CD4 T cells within MHC clas

76 t lacks bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, allorecognition by recipient T cells must occur by way o

77 ses of anti-PBMC T cell clones but inhibited allorecognition by T cell clones raised against DR+Ii-DM

78 idua, and genetic studies point to a role of allorecognition by uterine NK cells in establishing a bo

79 dicate that specific suppression of indirect allorecognition can be achieved by using structural vari

80 These studies show that indirect allorecognition can cause strain-dependent chronic rejec

81 To further define the role of indirect allorecognition, cardiac allografts from HLA-A2-transgen

82 side in a single genomic interval called the Allorecognition Complex (ARC).

83 d to the same chromosomal region, called the allorecognition complex (ARC).

84 The allorecognition complex of Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus

85 6) with recombination breakpoints within the allorecognition complex.

86 idations corroborate the potential of innate allorecognition concepts, further research is required t

87 l trophoblast are minimized, whereas NK cell allorecognition contributes to successful implantation a

88 indings, which suggested peptide-independent allorecognition, CTL-mediated cytolysis was reduced or a

89 cycles of aggregation and disaggregation in allorecognition-defective mutants involve dedifferentiat

90 appears that the secreted form may be major allorecognition determinant.

91 ul assay to study the occurrence of indirect allorecognition during chronic rejection in humans.

92 of the NKR machinery, potentially promoting allorecognition either through T cell receptor (TCR) cro

93 ografts are acutely rejected via CD8+ direct allorecognition even if the alloantigen is not presented

94 ution of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition following tissue transplantation is esse

95 ife history that links several components of allorecognition from disparate fields that are experimen

96 We positionally cloned an allorecognition gene by using inbred strains of the cnid

97 ies share some, but not all, loci within the allorecognition gene complex (ARC).

98 ng-standing question is whether invertebrate allorecognition genes are homologous to vertebrate histo

99 cell death reaction controlled by the het-Q allorecognition genes in the filamentous fungus Podospor

100 ontrolled by at least two highly polymorphic allorecognition genes, Alr1 and Alr2 [3, 5, 9-12].

101 Indirect allorecognition has been implicated in the initiation of

102 Genetic models for the study of allorecognition have been developed in the jawed vertebr

103 After decades of study, genes controlling allorecognition have been identified in two model system

104 hat only CD4+ T cells activated via indirect allorecognition have the ability to reject allogeneic co

105 To examine the role of indirect allorecognition in a clinically relevant large animal mo

106 involvement of nTregs in the two pathways of allorecognition in a murine adoptive transfer model in w

107 To address the question of indirect allorecognition in acquired thymic tolerance, we examine

108 ally been considered the dominant pathway of allorecognition in acute transplant rejection.

109 estigate the role and mechanisms of indirect allorecognition in allograft rejection, we studied wheth

110 a biologically significant role of indirect allorecognition in allograft rejection.

111 eview examines adaptive immune responses and allorecognition in animals with very different immune re

112 to study the evolution of cell adhesion and allorecognition in animals.

113 These findings suggest that allorecognition in Botryllus consists of independent pat

114 Previous studies have demonstrated that allorecognition in Botryllus is principally controlled b

115 nd discusses some of the puzzling aspects of allorecognition in Botryllus that might contribute to un

116 Despite the ubiquity of allorecognition in colonial phyla, however, its molecula

117 results show that the molecules that mediate allorecognition in D. discoideum also control the integr

118 fusion, showing the remarkable complexity of allorecognition in fungi.

119 refute the potential importance of indirect allorecognition in graft rejection.

120 Allorecognition in Hydractinia, a cnidarian, is governed

121 The role of allorecognition in initiating lung graft rejection is no

122 Sequence variation at each gene predicts allorecognition in laboratory strains such that colonies

123 bution of the direct and indirect pathway of allorecognition in the evolution of transplant arteriosc

124 dendritic cells via the indirect pathway of allorecognition in the thymus induces T cell tolerance.

125 ic tolerance suggests an indirect pathway of allorecognition in the thymus.

126 nce or initiation of the indirect pathway of allorecognition in transplantation.

127 The indirect pathway of allorecognition, in which cells of the adaptive immune s

128 tion of pathways involved in T cell-mediated allorecognition is a distinctive feature and driver of A

129 Although indirect allorecognition is considered to be a single entity, our

130 s and confirmed earlier results showing that allorecognition is controlled by a single chromosomal re

131 the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, allorecognition is controlled by at least two genes, All

132 the cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, allorecognition is controlled by at least two highly pol

133 In every taxon studied to date, allorecognition is controlled by one or more highly poly

134 Indirect allorecognition is important in the development of humor

135 To determine whether indirect allorecognition is involved in heart allograft rejection

136 T-cell allorecognition is mediated via 3 distinct mechanisms: t

137 T-cell receptor (TCR) allorecognition is often presumed to be relatively nonsp

138 These findings provide evidence that not all allorecognition is peptide dependent.

139 These results indicate that CTL allorecognition is peptide-specific whether the allogene

140 but which of the two pathways of CD4 T cell allorecognition is responsible for generating allospecif

141 Allorecognition is ubiquitous, or nearly so, amongst col

142 or (TCR) beta chain in the direct pathway of allorecognition, it is not clear whether a particular HL

143 somatic stage, the role of [Het-s]/HET-S in allorecognition leads to frequency-dependent selection f

144 ignatures of balancing selection, similar to allorecognition loci across the tree of life.

145 Alleles at fungal allorecognition loci are highly polymorphic, fall into d

146 Allorecognition loci are the most diverse ever described

147 cnidarian Hydractinia, one of the two known allorecognition loci, alr2, has been isolated, and a sec

148 ive interactions is conferred by identity at allorecognition loci, so-called kind recognition.

149 on of extensive polymorphism at invertebrate allorecognition loci.

150 t T cells primed via the indirect pathway of allorecognition may be important mediators of chronic re

151 experimental evidence suggests that indirect allorecognition may promote the development of chronic r

152 y complex antigen (the "indirect" pathway of allorecognition) may be responsible for mediating chroni

153 -presenting cells (the "indirect pathway" of allorecognition) may play a key role in the initiation o

154 First, ctenophores may lack an allorecognition mechanism that prevents fusion events be

155 Allorecognition mechanisms in syncytial fungi regulate s

156 This ability, called allorecognition, mediates spatial competition and can pr

157 T cell allorecognition occurs through direct contact with donor

158 We examined allorecognition of an HLA-A2-restricted Hodgkin's lympho

159 In particular, there was increased allorecognition of CBA miHA by B10.BR CD4+ T cells, as d

160 These results suggest that indirect allorecognition of donor MHC class I molecules leads to

161 Indirect CD4(+) T cell allorecognition of donor peptides presented by host MHC

162 idence of a definitive link between indirect allorecognition of donor-derived MHC class II peptides a

163 Allorecognition of fetal placental cells by uNK cells is

164 f systemic lupus erythematosus is induced by allorecognition of foreign MHC class II determinants.

165 rum as to why SLT is required for CD8 T-cell allorecognition of graft parenchymal cells and suggest a

166 this study was to determine whether indirect allorecognition of HLA class I-derived peptides occurred

167 , the p2Ca peptide that is immunodominant in allorecognition of Ld also lacks the P2 proline anchor a

168 ferences in signaling processes that lead to allorecognition of major and minor histocompatibility Ag

169 Allorecognition of minor histocompatibility Ags was high

170 Indirect CD4 T-cell allorecognition of mismatched donor MHC class I and II,

171 These data highlight a moonlighting role in allorecognition of the CWR-1 PMO domain.

172 d to MHC-class I mismatched grafts (indirect allorecognition only by CD4+ T cells) (day 7: 6+/-7 vs.

173 that CAV is triggered either by CD8+ direct allorecognition or by CD4+ indirect allorecognition.

174 he first 6 months is dominated by the direct allorecognition pathway driven by HLA-DR mismatch.

175 Although the indirect allorecognition pathway has the strongest influence on r

176 The role of the indirect allorecognition pathway in acute allograft rejection has

177 de to the developing T cells by the indirect allorecognition pathway in the induction of acquired thy

178 Here, we describe a novel allorecognition pathway mediated through donor extracell

179 ting that T cells activated via the indirect allorecognition pathway participate actively in acute al

180 This reliance on a relatively minor allorecognition pathway removes a major threat to fetal

181 To determine the allorecognition pathway responsible for CAV in this mode

182 lls activated via the direct and/or indirect allorecognition pathway.

183 alloreactive CD4+ T cells involved in direct allorecognition pathway.

184 timulates chronic rejection via the indirect allorecognition pathway.

185 tion and strong suppressors of defects in an allorecognition pathway.

186 ses is provided exclusively via the indirect-allorecognition pathway.

187 we consider current understanding of T-cell allorecognition pathways and discuss the most likely mec

188 e, we present a description of each of these allorecognition pathways and discuss their role in acute

189 ill require an intimate understanding of the allorecognition pathways and effector mechanisms that ar

190 the contributions of the indirect and direct allorecognition pathways in chronic airway rejection.

191 everal studies examining the contribution of allorecognition pathways to acute and chronic rejection

192 relative contribution of direct and indirect allorecognition pathways to chronic rejection of allogen

193 t (recipient MHC and donor-derived peptides) allorecognition pathways.

194 fts is independent of CD4(+) T cell-mediated allorecognition pathways.

195 Here we review allorecognition phenomena in both systems, summarizing r

196 These allorecognition phenomena mediate intraspecific competit

197 Transitory fusion is an allorecognition phenotype displayed by the colonial hydr

198 t T cells primed via the indirect pathway of allorecognition play an important role in allograft reje

199 enting cells through the indirect pathway of allorecognition plays a critical role in the development

200 Recent evidence indicates that indirect allorecognition plays a key role in initiating and susta

201 s of graft inflammation and that innate cell allorecognition plays a role.

202 -derived APC by host T cells (direct pathway allorecognition) plays an important role in acute reject

203 lection cannot be a strong force maintaining allorecognition polymorphism in two colonial marine inve

204 t is counteracted by balancing selection for allorecognition polymorphism.

205 These allorecognition polymorphisms may regulate somatic inter

206 ckade of ICAM-1/LFA-1 binding at the time of allorecognition potently blocks initial T cell effector

207 Allorecognition processes in filamentous fungi are essen

208 g through the direct or indirect pathways of allorecognition provide help for the induction of antido

209 toring of the direct and indirect pathway of allorecognition provides a reliable method for predictio

210 s due to the integration of signals from two allorecognition receptors encoded within the fuhc locus,

211 yllus, and recurring convergent evolution of allorecognition receptors observed from invertebrates to

212 1 and alr2 contributed differentially to the allorecognition response.

213 tion that is highly polymorphic and predicts allorecognition responses in laboratory and field-derive

214 de insight into basal processes conserved in allorecognition responses throughout the metazoa.

215 In colonial marine invertebrates, allorecognition restricts somatic fusion and thus, chime

216 In both species, allorecognition specificity is determined by highly poly

217 ndirect allorecognition and that CD8+ direct allorecognition stimulated by nonprofessional APCs plays

218 nd suggest the existence of mammalian innate allorecognition strategies distinct from detection of mi

219 ll responses through the indirect pathway of allorecognition, such as tolerance induction to the domi

220 C) class I expression, subtle features of NK allorecognition suggest that NK cells possess receptors

221 Our work revealed an allorecognition surveillance system based on kind discri

222 These results establish the hydroid allorecognition system as a novel model for the study of

223 Cooperation between cells depends on an allorecognition system comprising the polymorphic adhesi

224 n Botryllus schlosseri, a highly polymorphic allorecognition system limits the potential for vascular

225 The tgrB1-tgrC1 allorecognition system of Dictyostelium discoideum encod

226 nd evidence of the role of the [Het-s]/het-S allorecognition system on the incidence of infection by

227 nocytes and macrophages are equipped with an allorecognition system that allows them to respond direc

228 two antagonistic alleles that constitute an allorecognition system: the het-s allele encoding the pr

229 Highly polymorphic allorecognition systems have been characterized in numer

230 ulence) of pathogenic fungi is restricted by allorecognition systems operating in their fungal hosts.

231 cognition that is unique among characterized allorecognition systems within and outside invertebrates

232 s that shape the evolution of these distinct allorecognition systems, and highlighting questions that

233 ty plays important roles in several distinct allorecognition systems.

234 to the MHC immune genes in mammals and other allorecognition systems.

235 receptor expressed in all tissues capable of allorecognition that is highly polymorphic and predicts

236 ges are inflammatory cells capable of innate allorecognition that strengthen their responses to secon

237 omozygote, suggested highly peptide-specific allorecognition that was energetically focused on antige

238 Allorecognition, the ability to discriminate between sel

239 colonial marine invertebrates are capable of allorecognition, the ability to distinguish between them

240 Allorecognition--the ability of an individual to disting

241 colonial marine invertebrates are capable of allorecognition--the ability to distinguish between self

242 Direct allorecognition therefore appears unlikely to be respons

243 mediate acute rejection by triggering direct allorecognition, they may also act in an immunomodulator

244 the intrinsic process in which developmental allorecognition through the activating receptor regulate

245 To study the contribution of indirect allorecognition to chronic rejection, naive Lewis (RT1(1

246 ts demonstrate the feasibility of modulating allorecognition to engineer pathogenic fungi for more ef

247 ributions of direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition to graft rejection remain controversial.

248 Allorecognition to mediate cell fusion blockage is likel

249 Direct T cell allorecognition underlies the development of a vigorous

250 While direct allorecognition underpins both solid organ allograft rej

251 Four of five diallelic virus-restricting allorecognition [vegetative incompatibility (vic)] loci

252 These findings indicated that CTL allorecognition was peptide specific.

253 Indirect allorecognition was restricted by a single HLA-DR antige

254 A single form of allorecognition was shown to occur in some rejection epi

255 lls primed to P5 via the indirect pathway of allorecognition were harvested 7 days later and administ

256 4 completely blocked the indirect pathway of allorecognition, while anti-CD154 mAb blocked the indire