ライフサイエンスコーパス: altruistic

1 hrough training would make participants more altruistic.

2 r presence, however, adolescents became more altruistic.

3 same individuals allow for the return of an altruistic act by the recipient.

4 As opposed to an altruistic act that promotes cooperation, punishment is

5 Here, we show that costly donation is an altruistic act when it spreads beneficial MGEs favoured

6 s b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act, whereas n and m denote the maximum group

7 , b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act.

8 must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act.

9 must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act.

10 istries is that unrelated HSC donation is an altruistic act; nonpayment of donors is entrenched in th

11 down-regulation of IL-7R on DP cells is an "altruistic" act required for maintaining an adequate sup

12 nts could favor the evolution of altruism if altruistic acts reduce environmentally induced variance

13 established over an individual's history of altruistic acts, and the body responses they elicit.

14 and normatively rare (<0.00005% per capita) altruistic acts: heroic rescues, non-directed and direct

15 nt hypothesis in a sample of extraordinarily altruistic adults, predicting that if punishing inequity

16 t optimal couplings in groups of selfish vs. altruistic agents, reflecting how it can be naturally ex

17 f selection in a diploid population with the altruistic allele dominant to the selfish allele.

18 are similar because neither is biologically altruistic and both require normative motivation to supp

19 re, we present evidences of Hsp12p-dependent altruistic and contact-dependent competitive interaction

20 n which case they tend to behave on the more altruistic and cooperative end of the distribution.

21 We confirmed these predictions in both altruistic and dietary choice contexts.

22 that medical students are substantially less altruistic and more efficiency focused than the average

23 in an effort to discover the determinants of altruistic and non-altruistic outcomes.

24 ral environments, yeast organisms undergo an altruistic and premature aging and death program, mediat

25 There were both altruistic and self-motivated reasons behind patients' d

26 come can now be a stable equilibrium between altruistic and selfish alleles rather than the eliminati

27 e coexistence in the same population of both altruistic and selfish individuals.

28 model captures how individuals perceive the altruistic and strategic intentions of the benefactor.

29 across mutually beneficial, mutually costly, altruistic, and instrumentally harmful scenarios.

30 prepared to adopt increasingly cooperative, altruistic, and other prosocial norms of interaction fro

31 eir transmission, and flies may even deliver altruistic apoptotic forms to aid transmission of infect

32 Whether or not yeast cell death is altruistic, apoptotic, or otherwise analogous to program

33 This is consistent with our altruistic autolysis model in which H. pylori uses genet

34 e enzyme to the surface of intact bacteria ("altruistic autolysis"), is essential for survival of H.

35 as a means of explaining the evolution of an altruistic-based, host-manipulating behavior caused by l

36 onal responsiveness (using eye-tracking) and altruistic behavior (using the Dictator Game) in 4 to 5-

37 ) costly punishment positively covaries with altruistic behavior across populations.

38 tary and preeusocial competitors, due to the altruistic behavior among nestmates and their ability to

39 theoretical and neuroscientific accounts of altruistic behavior and more effective means of increasi

40 could disrupt the positive feedback between altruistic behavior and social standing, undermining coo

41 hypothesis by examining the relation between altruistic behavior and the reflexive engagement of a ne

42 Volunteerism was associated with altruistic behavior and with filling the vocational void

43 ytocin induced a context-dependent change in altruistic behavior away from pro-environmental toward p

44 port existing theory that indicates that the altruistic behavior can evolve even in the presence of m

45 As an altruistic behavior during infection, some cells may ind

46 Human adults engage in this form of altruistic behavior during times of war and famine, when

47 Altruistic behavior entails giving valuable benefits to

48 Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it b

49 onsistent contributors can elicit apparently altruistic behavior from others.

50 ty per se did not influence pain perception, altruistic behavior had an intrinsic analgesic effect fo

51 Altruistic behavior improves the welfare of another indi

52 Variability in altruistic behavior in adults has recently been related

53 Altruistic behavior in humans is thought to have deep bi

54 A distinctively human form of altruistic behavior involves handing nutritious food to

55 natural selection can promote cooperative or altruistic behavior is a fundamental question in biologi

56 A leading explanation for this altruistic behavior is Hamilton's idea that helpers gain

57 This suggests that altruistic behavior is linked to our responsiveness to o

58 Although altruistic behavior is well-documented in other primates

59 Human societies depend on the altruistic behavior of their members, but teasing apart

60 ned by people observing higher than expected altruistic behavior or becoming more dependent on other

61 a direct examination of the exact cutoff for altruistic behavior predicted by Hamilton is almost impo

62 The evolution of altruistic behavior through group selection is generally

63 ate the evolution of cooperation by enabling altruistic behavior to be directed at other cooperators

64 propose that religion has evolved to enhance altruistic behavior toward members of one's group.

65 Altruistic behavior towards kin will further decrease th

66 Altruistic behavior varies considerably across people an

67 The results revealed that increased altruistic behavior was associated with a greater respon

68 tionally, only among Indian children greater altruistic behavior was associated with greater sensitiv

69 ed using computer mouse tracking showed that altruistic behavior was associated with relatively earli

70 Human beings have an unusual proclivity for altruistic behavior, and recent commentators have sugges

71 Altruistic behavior, as a particular form of cooperation

72 an enhanced stemness phenotype that exhibits altruistic behavior, as per previous work in human embry

73 al altruism is to provide an explanation for altruistic behavior, it would have to depart from direct

74 ive fitness as evolutionary explanations for altruistic behavior, quantifying inclusive fitness conti

75 bles moderated the expression of this infant altruistic behavior, suggesting malleability.

76 that the loners make it impossible to define altruistic behavior, winners or losers, without a clear

77 rally 'listen to their heart' to guide their altruistic behavior.

78 o correlate with higher forms of empathy and altruistic behavior.

79 ts further suggest that single cells exhibit altruistic behavior.

80 d in fear conditioning, pain modulation, and altruistic behavior.

81 ss hormone cortisol was linked to diminished altruistic behavior.

82 he value of focusing on the effectiveness of altruistic behavior.

83 evolutionary explanations for this seemingly altruistic behavior.

84 ndividual and interindividual differences in altruistic behavior.

85 periences cannot account for early occurring altruistic behavior.

86 e been one of the mechanisms at the basis of altruistic behavioral tendencies in capuchins and in oth

87 also evidence for considerable variation in altruistic behaviors among individuals and across cultur

88 Although the conditions under which altruistic behaviors evolve continue to be vigorously de

89 the numerous examples of cooperative or even altruistic behaviors exhibited by groups of nonrelatives

90 l-documented in other primates, the range of altruistic behaviors in other primate species, including

91 Humans' tendency to engage in altruistic behaviors is unevenly distributed across the

92 search on biological mechanisms that promote altruistic behaviors to include neural mechanisms that s

93 obustly predicts that populations displaying altruistic behaviors will be driven to extinction by mut

94 those who increased the most in empathy and altruistic behaviors, and who decreased the most in nega

95 e unconducive to the emergence and spread of altruistic behaviors.

96 ersonal priorities away from selfish to more altruistic behaviors.

97 ate the neural mechanisms underlying ingroup altruistic behaviour in male fans using event-related fu

98 in anonymous one-shot interactions, and that altruistic behaviour is motivated, at least in part, by

99 Altruistic behaviour is widespread and highly developed

100 We report here the probable altruistic behaviour of spermatozoa in an eutherian mamm

101 ther microorganisms can also use it to focus altruistic behaviour on relatives.

102 ng with a population of asocial individuals, altruistic behaviour readily emerged.

103 conditions including fixation of selfish or altruistic behaviour under both behavioural contexts, or

104 n of selfish behaviour under one context and altruistic behaviour under the other context.

105 e is a unique link between interoception and altruistic behaviour, likely established over an individ

106 e sensitivity did, however, not lead to more altruistic behaviour.

107 f-reported altruism may not reliably predict altruistic behaviour.

108 ied kidney donors were more engaged in other altruistic behaviours (P<0.001).

109 connections between punishment in the UG and altruistic behaviours outside the laboratory are lacking

110 mpetition between high-level organisms to be altruistic, being able to send signals even if it is to

111 gifted kidney (and indirectly potentiate the altruistic benefit for the donor).

112 ve variance, the very mechanism required for altruistic bet-hedging to explain the enigmatic global a

113 ced variance of their reproductive success ("altruistic bet-hedging").

114 e in the reproductive success of relatives ("altruistic bet-hedging").

115 th csA-knockout cells, the wild type is more altruistic, but is also able preferentially to direct th

116 terial abortive infection (Abi) systems are 'altruistic' cell death systems that are activated by pha

117 Altruistic cells persist in the tumor despite their self

118 We propose a neurocomputational model of altruistic choice and test it using behavioral and fMRI

119 ance in people's overall other-regard during altruistic choice, biasing people toward prosocial actio

120 textual differences in altruism by examining altruistic choices in different inequality contexts with

121 suggesting that process-specific inputs into altruistic choices may reflect participants' general pro

122 ntal cortex are distinctively recruited when altruistic choices prevail over selfish material interes

123 provides a more elegant way to identify the altruistic component of behaviors.

124 indings can be explained by a combination of altruistic concerns and an aversion to viewing oneself a

125 c stem cell donation is a safe and effective altruistic contribution to the treatment of patients wit

126 tionary puzzle: existing models suggest that altruistic cooperation among nonrelatives is evolutionar

127 we show that an important asymmetry between altruistic cooperation and altruistic punishment allows

128 ive child-rearing, lethal weapon technology, altruistic cooperation and punishment, and the mastery o

129 This challenges evolutionary models of altruistic cooperation and punishment, which predict tha

130 Multicellular life requires altruistic cooperation between cells.

131 Explaining altruistic cooperation is one of the greatest challenges

132 rocess allows both altruistic punishment and altruistic cooperation to be maintained even when groups

133 es to reduce xenophobic sentiment and foster altruistic cooperation with outsiders is scarce.

134 this mode of release may represent a type of altruistic cooperation within a UPEC population during c

135 wledge of others' reputations, thus enabling altruistic cooperation.

136 w a mix of selfish personal reproduction and altruistic cooperative behavior, and the queenless state

137 ypes, close kinship ties, parental care, and altruistic cooperative escape behaviors.

138 cially human societies, are organized around altruistic, cooperative interactions.

139 teria and poses an evolutionary conundrum as altruistic death provides no obvious benefit for single-

140 tive processes that temporally unfold during altruistic decision making (ranging from initial percept

141 , we delineated three distinct processes for altruistic decision-making (affective empathy, cognitive

142 distinct psychological mechanisms underlying altruistic decision-making (empathy, perspective taking,

143 How does stress affect altruistic decision-making and through which neurocognit

144 er-regarding attention modulates third-party altruistic decision-making at the neural level.

145 rovide novel insights into the modulation of altruistic decision-making by suggesting an impact of th

146 Third-party altruistic decision-making has been shown to be modulate

147 t whether the influence of oxytocin benefits altruistic decision-making in the context of ecological

148 by influencing other- and self-regard during altruistic decision-making.

149 r the SCC, a region previously implicated in altruistic decisions and group affiliation, in dovetaili

150 we report mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based altruistic defense against a mouse model of coronavirus,

151 stic stem cells (ASCs), which exert a unique altruistic defense against MHV-1.

152 cteria, adult stem cells may also exhibit an altruistic defense mechanism to protect their niche agai

153 fold increase of ASCs, thereby enhancing the altruistic defense.

154 ial, although some participants expressed an altruistic desire to assist others.

155 e argue that we must distinguish between the altruistic donation by a stranger and the voluntary dona

156 It may also jeopardize the principle of altruistic donation of SoHO that is required for the tre

157 the human origin and in accordance with the altruistic donation of SoHO, should be encouraged to imp

158 ing donation as such, nonrelated donors, and altruistic donation).

159 tation and inequity and diminished voluntary altruistic donation.

160 ted whether introducing payment would hinder altruistic donations by comparing participants' willingn

161 ntations, initiated in July 2007 by a single altruistic donor (i.e., a donor without a designated rec

162 Benefits of non simultaneous extended altruistic donor chains are limited in case of low numbe

163 red donation) or nonsimultaneously (extended altruistic donor chains) to benefit many.

164 paired donation or non simultaneous extended altruistic donor chains, what the length of the segments

165 sychosocial and functional outcomes of these altruistic donors to a stranger (ADs) with donors with a

166 ere performed, which included 53 pairs and 2 altruistic donors.

167 been suggested that regulation must require altruistic environmental alterations by organisms and, t

168 hibiting surrounding cells from adopting the altruistic fate via a lateral inhibition mechanism invol

169 Engaging in altruistic food transfer, instead of keeping the food, i

170 The decision to donate is immediate and altruistic for most parents, although some fathers expre

171 xplain the evolutionary success of both: (a) altruistic forms of human sociality towards unrelated me

172 ncorporating also the ecological variable of altruistic free space and the evolutionary strategy of p

173 fits of altruism are reaped by copies of the altruistic gene in other individuals, a mechanism called

174 lticellular Volvox carteri by showing how an altruistic gene may have originated through cooption of

175 y evolved through the action of kin-selected altruistic genes is still lacking.

176 By contrast, under asexual reproduction, non-altruistic genotypes seem to be favoured, at least when

177 ypes in a complex manner, it is possible for altruistic genotypes to spread through a metapopulation

178 members reproduce whereas others function as altruistic helpers.

179 Our decade-long field study reveals that altruistic helping actually has no overall effect on the

180 n's rule, recent studies have suggested that altruistic helping can be favored even if it does not be

181 to Daylight Saving Time, reduces real-world altruistic helping through the act of donation giving, e

182 hould restrict themselves, therefore, to the altruistic impulse and its knowable consequences.

183 tion in aggregations remote from the egg are altruistic in that they help sperm transport to the egg

184 relevance of altruism, suggesting that more altruistic individuals are more likely to engage in sust

185 The neural basis of this fundamental altruistic instinct is not well understood.

186 Perceived altruistic intentions convey care and communal concern a

187 d patterns of utilitarian moral judgments in altruistic kidney donors (n = 61) and demographically ma

188 ess a population of extraordinary altruists: altruistic kidney donors who volunteered to donate a kid

189 Unspecified (nondirected altruistic) kidney donation is becoming increasingly com

190 xample for other volunteer organizations and altruistic laypeople who may provide resuscitation.

191 are started with deceased donors rather than altruistic living donors.

192 ters have begun to accept kidneys donated by altruistic living strangers.

193 is may represent an evolutionarily conserved altruistic mechanism to eliminate cells during metabolic

194 t a real-life relation between defensive and altruistic motivation in humans, which may be modulated

195 ral systems bridging group belongingness and altruistic motivation remain to be identified.

196 sed donors' impact without undermining their altruistic motivation, boosting effective donations by 7

197 isions and group affiliation, in dovetailing altruistic motivations with neural valuation systems in

198 posure to trusted messengers or information, altruistic motivations, medical mistrust, and desire for

199 r resolving the conflict between selfish and altruistic motives during social discounting.

200 ptions of the benefits of organ donation and altruistic motives had the greatest impact on the suppor

201 f the research team and consent process, and altruistic motives play significant roles in the decisio

202 participants--a combination of personal and altruistic motives.

203 t in contrast to wild-type cells, putatively altruistic mutant cells continue to decline in fitness d

204 Despite the potential for altruistic nondirected donors (NDDs) to trigger multiple

205 donors through cycles or chains initiated by altruistic (nondirected) donors, thereby increasing the

206 d but as the scheme evolves, with the use of altruistic, nondirected donors to start a "chain" of tra

207 loaded from hypoxic cells onto metabolically altruistic normoxic neighbors.

208 imon's explanation of altruism, showing that altruistic norms can "hitchhike" on the general tendency

209 ntered by pairing oxytocin with peer-derived altruistic norms, resulting in a 74% increase in refugee

210 Do economic games show evidence of altruistic or self-interested motivations in humans?

211 cells benefits the group, but may be costly (altruistic) or beneficial (synergistic) to individual co

212 of the tumour can be used as a novel form of altruistic organ donation.

213 cover the determinants of altruistic and non-altruistic outcomes.

214 commit crime than risk-averse, patient, and altruistic people.

215 nd defectors, and the most generic models of altruistic phenotypes or genotypes invading non-altruist

216 eeding seems to enhance the probability that altruistic phenotypes will be eliminated.

217 ruistic phenotypes or genotypes invading non-altruistic populations under inelastic density regulatio

218 tem to combine the collaborative and largely altruistic possibilities of wikis with explicit authorsh

219 ing low on xenophobic attitudes exhibited an altruistic preference for the outgroup, which further in

220 tionary anomaly: There is ample evidence for altruistic preferences in our own species and growing ev

221 lacement, innovativeness, and risk, time and altruistic preferences.

222 of evidence shows that humans are remarkably altruistic primates.

223 Collectively, our findings demonstrate that altruistic priorities vary as a function of oxytocin sys

224 elf-reported unprofessional conduct and less altruistic professional values among medical students at

225 present a simple evolutionary model in which altruistic punishers can enter and will always come to d

226 complicates characterizations of humans as "altruistic" punishers and supports theories of cooperati

227 periments can help shed light on the role of altruistic punishment "in the wild."

228 feedback dynamically influences group-biased altruistic punishment across cultures and the lifespan.

229 asymmetry between altruistic cooperation and altruistic punishment allows altruistic punishment to ev

230 This process allows both altruistic punishment and altruistic cooperation to be m

231 We find that cooperation and altruistic punishment does not evolve with larger popula

232 We tested the altruistic punishment hypothesis in a sample of extraord

233 The rarity of altruistic punishment in small-scale societies should no

234 These findings support suggestions that altruistic punishment in the UG is better termed costly

235 Altruistic punishment is a behaviour in which individual

236 in hunter-gatherer societies is sustained by altruistic punishment is a scientifically legitimate con

237 Finally, our findings show that altruistic punishment is differentially involved in enco

238 Altruistic punishment is key to establishing cooperation

239 s should not be interpreted as evidence that altruistic punishment is not an important determinant of

240 Altruistic punishment is suggested to explain observed h

241 us, applying such models to the evolution of altruistic punishment leads to the prediction that peopl

242 light cultural and age-related variations in altruistic punishment learning, with implications for so

243 The discovery of the altruistic punishment mechanism as a replicable experime

244 If altruistic punishment provides benefits to nonpunishers

245 Altruistic punishment refers to a class of behaviors tha

246 cooperation and altruistic punishment allows altruistic punishment to evolve in populations engaged i

247 Although such "altruistic punishment" may explain the high levels of co

248 perceived similarity substantially increases altruistic punishment, a key mechanism underlying human

249 se levels, we consider how phenomena such as altruistic punishment, prosocial contagion, self-other s

250 ile it is essential to collect field data on altruistic punishment, this kind of data has limitations

251 ws that many people are willing to engage in altruistic punishment, voluntarily paying a cost to puni

252 g models on the evolution of cooperation and altruistic punishment, we explore the consequences of th

253 s, a finding that echoes recent evidence for altruistic punishment.

254 a cost to punish inequity is commonly termed altruistic punishment.

255 p identity, which has the opposite effect on altruistic punishment.

256 /54]), age/size mismatch (51.9% [28/54]), or altruistic reasons (20.3% [11/54]).

257 id not alter their willingness to donate for altruistic reasons (P = 0.40).

258 ts who entered KPD for age/size mismatch and altruistic reasons received kidneys from donors with low

259 Although altruistic regular blood donors are vital for the blood

260 ity to recognise and thereby only help their altruistic relatives may evolve.

261 oelicolor division of labor are analogous to altruistic reproductively sterile castes of social insec

262 MRI paradigms and two self-control contexts (altruistic sacrifice and healthy eating).

263 result raises the fundamental question: how altruistic should one be?

264 production and relegates the mutants to the altruistic stalk, whereas mixing wild-type and tgrB1-nul

265 , the reprogrammed MSCs can be identified as altruistic stem cells (ASCs), which exert a unique altru

266 volve via kin selection, in which a gene for altruistic sterility is favored when the altruism suffic

267 he majority of centers would not consider an altruistic stranger, a sizeable minority (38%) would.

268 lity of kidney donation by close friends and altruistic strangers and the willingness of respondents

269 Organs donated by altruistic strangers do not go necessarily to patients w

270 any transplant centers, organ retrieval from altruistic strangers is accepted practice; patients use

271 e that living kidney donation by friends and altruistic strangers is an acceptable practice and many

272 suggest that kidney donation by friends and altruistic strangers should be considered as acceptable

273 Altruistic strangers should be educated to allocate thei

274 It is argued that altruistic strangers should be permitted to select the r

275 about the general acceptability of allowing altruistic strangers to direct donations, the willingnes

276 bed a protocol to accept as potential donors altruistic strangers who offer to donate a kidney to any

277 e live organ donation, including donation by altruistic strangers.

278 % feel the same way about kidney donation by altruistic strangers.

279 To test the relative merits of a more altruistic strategy, we built an epidemiological model t

280 t Type III immunity does not operate through altruistic suicide.

281 al breakthrough for understanding apparently altruistic systems.

282 It has been suggested that altruistic tendencies can depend on costs, benefits and

283 the population, and individual variation in altruistic tendencies may be genetically mediated.

284 t support heightened or extreme prosocial or altruistic tendencies.

285 Preferences for pain were more altruistic than for money, with several participants ass

286 n collective action problems, LLMs were more altruistic than participants.

287 ding the top-ranked medical schools are less altruistic than those attending lower-ranked schools.

288 g higher-paying medical specialties are less altruistic than those choosing lower-paying specialties.

289 , growing evidence suggests that PCD can be 'altruistic': the dead cells may directly or indirectly b

290 Polymer secretion is altruistic to cells above a focal cell: it pushes later

291 sly debated, there is general agreement that altruistic traits involving an absolute cost to altruist

292 ffect, in the form of a fluid association of altruistic traits with a recognition tag, can be much mo

293 y to remedy this unfair situation is through altruistic unbalanced paired kidney exchange (AUPKE) whe

294 Altruistic unbalanced paired kidney exchanges (AUPKE) us

295 veloped to integrate kidney paired donation, altruistic/unspecified donation, and ABO and HLA desensi

296 5% CI, 1.45-2.13) or holding at least 1 less altruistic view regarding physicians' responsibility to

297 nout were also less likely to report holding altruistic views regarding physicians' responsibility to

298 ade in models that consider punishment to be altruistic--which brings in the free-rider problem and t

299 rmite colonies to retain high proportions of altruistic worker caste members, thus apparently enhanci

300 vidual fitness, their behavior is similar to altruistic worker castes in social insects or somatic ce