ライフサイエンスコーパス: amacrine cell

1 crine cells (stellate, semilunar, and thorny amacrine cells).

2 inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell.

3 ized circuit: rods-->rod bipolar cells-->AII amacrine cell.

4 ating direction selectivity in the starburst amacrine cell.

5 ipolar cells as the rod pathway-specific AII amacrine cell.

6 d connectivity pattern of the small-field A8 amacrine cell.

7 alized circuit: rods->rod bipolar cells->AII amacrine cell.

8 is present in both GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells.

9 ticipating in the development of retinal AII amacrine cells.

10 orny ganglion cells, 14 cells were displaced amacrine cells.

11 ic/cholinergic signals mediated by starburst amacrine cells.

12 er are ganglion cells, and 20% are displaced amacrine cells.

13 DACs, impairing functional regulation of AII amacrine cells.

14 d inputs from axon terminals of dopaminergic amacrine cells.

15 tentiated evoked EPSCs in a subpopulation of amacrine cells.

16 bition from the ON pathway through GABAergic amacrine cells.

17 cells, but also in a subset of ganglion and amacrine cells.

18 is propagated to an atypical subtype of AII amacrine cells.

19 g horizontal cells and a subset (25%) of AII amacrine cells.

20 ter 1, and shows the typical morphology of A amacrine cells.

21 on between retinal rod bipolar cells and AII amacrine cells.

22 of M1 ipRGCs caused by SRIF inhibition of DA amacrine cells.

23 erminals, ganglion cell dendrites, and other amacrine cells.

24 recursive bistratified ganglion cells and A1 amacrine cells.

25 s the synaptic receptors on A17, but not AII amacrine cells.

26 with inhibitory interneurons: horizontal and amacrine cells.

27 mber and increase in the number of displaced amacrine cells.

28 s and their neurotransmitter with wide-field amacrine cells.

29 between the two bands formed by cholinergic amacrine cells.

30 bust and selective expression in cholinergic amacrine cells.

31 r cells activates postsynaptic AMPARs on AII amacrine cells.

32 idance in many types of retinal ganglion and amacrine cells.

33 n (by 30%) of RGCs, and absence of starburst amacrine cells.

34 n of W3 ganglion cells, but not to starburst amacrine cells.

35 th their identity as RGCs, and not displaced amacrine cells.

36 nuclear layer and for up to 27% of displaced amacrine cells.

37 ter plexiform layers and a greater number of amacrine cells.

38 d GABA-immunoreactivity indicating they were amacrine cells.

39 BCs, and eliminate synapses with wide-field amacrine cells.

40 Both conditions generated excess amacrine cells.

41 ion mediated by wide-field spiking GABAergic amacrine cells.

42 originating from a population of wide-field amacrine cells.

43 for each gene in the differentiation of AII amacrine cells.

44 cal varieties of such ipRGC-driven displaced amacrine cells: (1) monostratified cells with dendrites

45 r of the retina derives from the activity of amacrine cells, a large and diverse group of GABAergic a

46 ons exhibit aberrant activity, driven by AII amacrine cells, a primary target of the retinal dopamine

47 ipolar cell (BC) classes inhibit rod BCs via amacrine cell (AC) motifs (C1-6); that all cone BC class

48 Although no change was detected in total amacrine cell (AC) numbers, increased PRKCA(+) and choli

49 The central neuron in this pathway, the AII amacrine cell (AC), exhibits a spatially tuned receptive

50 typical network formed by different types of amacrine cells across the inner plexiform layer prompts

51 ce that general functions of the ensemble of amacrine cells across types are critical for establishin

52 Amacrine cells (ACs) are a diverse class of interneurons

53 Retinal amacrine cells (ACs) may make inhibitory chemical synaps

54 glutamate transporter 3 (VGluT3)-expressing amacrine cells (ACs) to a broad set of visual stimuli.

55 We genetically identify a class of amacrine cells (ACs) with elongated dendritic arbors tha

56 GCs), followed by horizontal cells (HCs) and amacrine cells (ACs), beginning with the early stages of

57 r the structural and functional integrity of amacrine cells (ACs), the largest cohort of neurons in t

58 from bipolar cells and inhibitory input from amacrine cells (ACs).

59 ypes, horizontal cells, as well as GABAergic amacrine cells (ACs).

60 es light-dependent spiking primarily through amacrine cell activation.

61 it in the vertebrate retina, whereby the AII amacrine cell (AII AC) provides inhibition onto cone bip

62 The AII amacrine cell (AII) is a key information hub in the reti

63 onses of individual bipolar cells (BCs), AII amacrine cells (AIIACs), and ON and sustained OFF alpha-

64 The AII amacrine cell also makes direct glycinergic synapses wit

65 of glutamate (or AMPA) onto the dendrites of amacrine cells also significantly potentiated evoked cur

66 sity of parvalbumin- and calretinin-positive amacrine cells and a loss of ganglion cells was detected

67 diated light responses from ganglion and AII amacrine cells and by recording RB-mediated synaptic cur

68 ied input to the melanopsin-ir RGCs from AII amacrine cells and directly from rod bipolar cells via r

69 ity in the shape and function of the studied amacrine cells and elucidate their connections with spec

70 plexiform layer (IPL) and from dopaminergic amacrine cells and GABAergic processes in the outermost

71 identified in photoreceptors, bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells, but have not been con

72 ns, including photoreceptors, bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells, but they have not bee

73 on in the numbers of retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells and horizontal cells and an increase in t

74 DA amacrine cells and M1 ipRGCs express the SRIF receptor s

75 circuit composed of dopamine (DA)-containing amacrine cells and melanopsin-containing, intrinsically

76 , it has all cell types and layers including amacrine cells and Muller glia.

77 Retinae derived from f-iPSCs had fewer amacrine cells and other inner nuclear layer cells.

78 c "retinal waves" are initiated in starburst amacrine cells and propagate to retinal ganglion cells a

79 and bipolar cells were next most central and amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells were on the ou

80 (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in both amacrine cells and RGCs.

81 med to analyze the state of the dopaminergic amacrine cells and some of their main postsynaptic neuro

82 ndene-1,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxamide) in DA amacrine cells and the selective sst4 agonist L-803,087

83 eir stratification pattern with narrow-field amacrine cells and their neurotransmitter with wide-fiel

84 Starburst amacrine cells and their synaptic partners, ON-OFF direc

85 Dopamine is released by retinal dopaminergic amacrine cells and transmits signaling either by convent

86 that melanopsin cells were tracer coupled to amacrine cells and would be applicable to electrophysiol

87 While all five types exhibited inhibitory amacrine-cell and excitatory bipolar-cell inputs from th

88 hes targeting neurons upstream of RGCs, DAA (amacrine cells) and DAD (bipolar cells) suppress the fre

89 ase in the number of retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and an increase in the number of the lat

90 inal precursors into retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and horizontal cells rather than into co

91 SRIF amacrine cells, DA amacrine cells, and M1 ipRGCs form numerous contacts.

92 ds, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, displaced amacrine cells, and Muller glia were generated between F

93 d by recurrent connectivity within starburst amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells act as "reado

94 teraction is reciprocal: M1 ipRGCs excite DA amacrine cells, and these, in turn, feed inhibition back

95 Amacrine cells are a heterogeneous group of interneurons

96 Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGluT3) amacrine cells are a recently characterized type of amac

97 Segretagogin amacrine cells are also immunopositive to antibodies aga

98 VIP-1 amacrine cells are bistratified, wide-field cells that r

99 AII-amacrine cells are interneurons in the retina that exhib

100 apse imaging assay, we found that developing amacrine cells are less directed towards the IPL in the

101 ramify in strata 1, 4, and 5, VIP-2A and 2B amacrine cells are medium-field cells that mainly ramify

102 amify in strata 3 and 4, and VIP-3 displaced amacrine cells are medium-field cells that ramify in str

103 acetyltransferase (ChAT) expressing retinal amacrine cells are present across vertebrates.

104 Amacrine cells are the most diverse and least understood

105 Amacrine cells are thought to be a major locus for mecha

106 eceiving direct photoreceptor input, whereas amacrine cells are usually monopolar inhibitory interneu

107 Most of these amacrine cells are wide field, although some are medium

108 cted ON-OFF segregation within a small-field amacrine cell arose from local synaptic processing, medi

109 A labels astrocytes on the day of birth, AII amacrine cells at postnatal (P) day 5, and Muller glia b

110 ased the generation of mislocalized ganglion/amacrine cells at the expense of rod and cone photorecep

111 However, AII amacrine cells avoid making synapses with numerous RGC t

112 of other ON parasol cells recorded near the amacrine cell axonal projections.

113 ced glial activation and loss of function of amacrine cells (brain nitric oxide synthetase/tyrosine h

114 tina contains at least 30 different types of amacrine cells but not many are well characterized.

115 in the number of synaptic contacts with AII amacrine cells (by 60%) and melanopsin cells (by 35%).

116 es dendrite targeting in type 2 dopaminergic amacrine cells, by restricting the stratum in which expl

117 p to further our understanding of how single amacrine cell circuits act together to help decompose th

118 Studies investigating individual amacrine cell circuits like the starburst or A17 circuit

119 Amacrine cells comprise approximately 30 morphological t

120 SRIF amacrine cells, DA amacrine cells, and M1 ipRGCs form nu

121 ized type of amacrine cell, the dopaminergic amacrine cell (DAC).

122 Dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) release dopamine in response to li

123 electrophysiological inputs to dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs), we show here that the release of

124 ar layer amacrine cells (iACs) and displaced amacrine cells (dACs)--reach their specific laminar posi

125 e source of retinal dopamine is dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs).

126 make connections with upstream dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs): (1) ipRGC signaling to DACs is bl

127 The spatial density of secretagogin amacrine cells decreases from a peak of about 400 cells/

128 ber of RGCs, whereas the number of displaced amacrine cells decreases.

129 of postsynaptic plasticity in a subgroup of amacrine cell dendrites.

130 neurotransmitter release sites on starburst amacrine cell dendrites: the excitatory input distributi

131 The amacrine cell density ranged from 30,000 cells/mm(2) at

132 cadherin Fat3 acts during multiple stages of amacrine cell development in mice to orient overall chan

133 Rods, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, displaced amacrine cells, and Muller gli

134 We find that miR-181a is expressed in amacrine cells during development and in adult retinas,

135 Light-evoked depolarizations of the AII-amacrine cell elicited exocytosis that was graded to lig

136 RGCs, derived from electrical coupling with amacrine cells, encodes information critical to global o

137 ic for bipolar cells, and therefore resemble amacrine cells, excite inner retinal circuits using glut

138 Developing AII amacrine cells exhibit accumulating DNER labeling at the

139 e cells are a recently characterized type of amacrine cell exhibiting local dendritic autonomy.

140 VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cells form a neuropeptide-expressing cell popul

141 Finally, Sox2, Sox8, and Sox9 promoted amacrine cell formation in Lhx2-deficient cells, but not

142 ct the competence of OTX2+ cells, preventing amacrine cell formation.

143 x of Ca(2+) in dendritic varicosities of A17 amacrine cells from diabetic compared with normal animal

144 cine and glutamate, by the vGluT3-expressing amacrine cell (GAC) in the mouse retina.

145 e found that vGluT3-expressing glutamatergic amacrine cells (GACs) generate ON-OFF somatic responses

146 ent glutamate release from vGluT3-expressing amacrine cells (GACs) in the mouse retina.

147 uire iGluRs: cone->ON cone bipolar cell->AII amacrine cell->RGC.

148 re iGluRs: cone-->ON cone bipolar cell-->AII amacrine cell-->RGC.

149 ntributed to the reversal response, but that amacrine cells had, at best, a minor role.

150 the connectivity of glycinergic small-field amacrine cells has not been investigated in the mouse re

151 mma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic wide-field amacrine cells have recently been studied; however, with

152 -horizontal cells (HCs), inner nuclear layer amacrine cells (iACs) and displaced amacrine cells (dACs

153 heterogeneous class of retinal interneurons, amacrine cells, identifying 63 distinct types.

154 The starburst amacrine cell in the mouse retina presents an opportunit

155 e from the presynaptic interneuron starburst amacrine cell in the mouse retina.

156 ctrical coupling between RGCs and polyaxonal amacrine cells in mouse retina forms the synaptic mechan

157 ciated virus-mediated technique to label AII amacrine cells in mouse retina, we observed diminished d

158 rding RB-mediated synaptic currents from AII amacrine cells in mouse retina.

159 he full complement of rod photoreceptors and amacrine cells in mouse.

160 rved diminished dopaminergic contacts to AII amacrine cells in RD mice.

161 amine is released by a specialized subset of amacrine cells in response to light and has a potent inf

162 tically connected rod bipolar and AII or A17 amacrine cells in retinal slices from female rats, we fo

163 d with targeted patch-clamp recordings of DA amacrine cells in TH-RFP mice and M1 ipRGCs in OPN4-EGFP

164 ear total RGC loss with a marked increase in amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer.

165 ina; these densities account for about 1% of amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and for up to

166 against calretinin can be used to identify A amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer as well as wid

167 ns, receive synaptic inputs from bipolar and amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and se

168 bipolar cells are presynaptic to AII and A17 amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer.

169 cal connectivity between rod bipolar and A17 amacrine cells in the mammalian retina, specifically tha

170 fia), that are each heavily expressed in AII amacrine cells in the mature mouse retina, and which con

171 zed in a population of regular and displaced amacrine cells in the retina of the common marmoset Call

172 edianus magnocellularis, the spinal cord and amacrine cells in the retina.

173 s for one type of rod pathway interneuron (A amacrine cell) in the retina of some but not all mammali

174 our understanding of how general features of amacrine cell inhibition lead to general features of com

175 Lin28 expression was required only in amacrine cells, inhibitory neurons that innervate RGCs.

176 vity of a retinal interneuron called the AII amacrine cell is responsible for anti-correlated spiking

177 ateral inhibition onto Off SACs from non-SAC amacrine cells is required for optimal direction selecti

178 The amacrine cells labeled in Tg(mglur6b:EGFP)zh1 constitute

179 All Cre-expressing amacrine cells labeled with an antibody to GABA.

180 e from its presynaptic arrays of bipolar and amacrine cells less efficiently than the OFF cell does.

181 sponses in DACs, which are mediated by other amacrine cells, likely driven by type 1 and type 2/3a OF

182 The majority of their input was from amacrine cells, local circuit neurons of the inner retin

183 ogical blockade of GJs eradicated nearly all amacrine cell loss and reduced retinal ganglion cell los

184 These recordings show that AII amacrine cells make direct synapses with OFF Alpha, OFF

185 This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses

186 e cells immunolabeled for an RGC marker, not amacrine cell markers, suggesting that they are dopamine

187 Because Ca(2+)-permeable receptors in A17 amacrine cells mediate synaptic release of GABA, the red

188 For instance, retinal amacrine cells migrate towards the inner plexiform layer

189 the inner plexiform layer, where inhibitory amacrine cells modulate the excitatory signal of bipolar

190 terneuron in the mouse retina that resembles amacrine cells morphologically but is glutamatergic and,

191 the periphery, via the electrically coupled amacrine cell network.

192 examined the genetic control of cholinergic amacrine cell number and distribution between these two

193 We focused on amacrine cell number control, identifying three downstre

194 yses placed Pten downstream of TgfbetaRII in amacrine cell number control.

195 we show that Pten is a critical regulator of amacrine cell number in the retina, acting via multiple

196 The total cholinergic amacrine cell number was found to vary across the strain

197 In PD, dopaminergic amacrine cell number was reduced between 58% and 26% in

198 s cholinergic activity or reducing starburst amacrine cell numbers prevents invasion of endothelial c

199 soma location, the dendrites of secretagogin amacrine cells occupy strata 2, 3, and 4 of the inner pl

200 Amacrine cells of the retina are conspicuously variable

201 esynaptic inhibition is generated by spiking amacrine cells on a larger spatial scale covering severa

202 NER, by contrast, is present in ganglion and amacrine cells on P1, also labeling the horizontal cells

203 mmalian retina, gap junctions within the Aii amacrine cell-ON cone bipolar cell (CBC) network are ess

204 tina contains two populations of cholinergic amacrine cells, one positioned in the ganglion cell laye

205 se of gamma-aminobutyric acid from starburst amacrine cells onto direction-selective ganglion cells (

206 Silencing amacrine cells or pharmacologically blocking inhibitory

207 points, such as the neurites of cholinergic amacrine cells, or to define a number of bins into which

208 rientation-selective, wide-field, polyaxonal amacrine cell (PAC) in the rabbit retina and demonstrate

209 Polyaxonal amacrine cells (PACs) are a unique subset identified by

210 2 from the population of nascent cholinergic amacrine cells perturbed the normal ratio of cells situa

211 s sufficient to recapitulate the Fat3 mutant amacrine cell phenotype.

212 We identify a type of polyaxonal amacrine cell physiologically via its distinctive electr

213 Cpne4 expression is restricted to one amacrine cell population of the INL, but is specifically

214 ic, suggesting that they constitute a single amacrine cell population.

215 ual signaling by a distinctive, high-density amacrine cell population.

216 istry and major cell types of a VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cell population.

217 ere, we demonstrate that retinal AII and A17 amacrine cells, postsynaptic partners at rod bipolar dya

218 KEY POINTS: Bipolar and amacrine cells presynaptic to the ON sustained alpha cel

219 etinal explants phenocopies the reduction in amacrine cell production observed in Pten cKOs.

220 Pten is thus a positive regulator of amacrine cell production, acting via multiple downstream

221 ts, which is a negative feedback pathway for amacrine cell production.

222 However, unlike AII cells, A8 amacrine cells provide glycinergic input to ON A-type ga

223 Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolu

224 Our data suggest that A8 amacrine cells receive glutamatergic input from both OFF

225 revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input

226 ic to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic to amacrine cells remained relatively constant.

227 photoreceptors, Muller glia, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells, horizontal cells

228 individual dendritic sectors of a starburst amacrine cell (SAC) are preferentially activated by diff

229 lues, here we reconstruct Off-type starburst amacrine cells (SACs) and bipolar cells (BCs) in serial

230 during null-direction motion from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) and DS acetylcholine and glutamate

231 ian retina, inhibitory inputs onto starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are required for robust direction

232 Starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are thought to mediate this direct

233 The dendrites of starburst amacrine cells (SACs) in the mammalian retina are prefer

234 inhibition arising from GABAergic starburst amacrine cells (SACs) strongly contributes to direction

235 inhibitory neurotransmission from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) to direction selective ganglion ce

236 acetylcholine (ACh) and GABA from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) to direction-selective ganglion ce

237 nglion cells (DSGCs) and GABAergic starburst amacrine cells (SACs), and the SACs then provide FF inhi

238 In this study, we used retinal starburst amacrine cells (SACs), critical components of a directio

239 rodents, retinal waves initiate in starburst amacrine cells (SACs), propagating across retinal gangli

240 Here, we focused on one such pair, starburst amacrine cells (SACs), to explore how closely related ne

241 rs (beta2-nAChRs) selectively from starburst amacrine cells (SACs), we show that mutual excitation am

242 iated by the spontaneous firing of Starburst Amacrine Cells (SACs), whose dense, recurrent connectivi

243 hibition, which is provided by OFF starburst amacrine cells (SACs).

244 ulated cholinergic excitation from starburst amacrine cells (SACs).

245 Directional GABA release from starburst amacrine cells (SBACs) is critical for generating direct

246 release from the dendritic tips of starburst amacrine cells (SBACs).

247 Wide-field amacrine cells span large segments of the retina, making

248 idirectional interaction of M1 ipRGCs and DA amacrine cells, SRIF amacrine cells would provide inhibi

249 sitive and shows the morphology of widefield amacrine cells (stellate, semilunar, and thorny amacrine

250 l subtypes, retinal ganglion cells, and some amacrine cell subtypes but not significantly in Muller c

251 levels to promote the differentiation of all amacrine cell subtypes, which are each reduced in number

252 urotransmitter release at bipolar neuron/AII amacrine cell synapses and rendered spontaneous miniatur

253 Our results suggest that AII-amacrine cell synapses are capable of providing both pha

254 Bipolar but not amacrine cell synapses have presynaptic ribbon-like stru

255 aptic transmission at rod bipolar neuron-AII amacrine cell synapses in acute mouse retina slices as a

256 isolates a specific pathway through the AII amacrine cell that does not require iGluRs: cone->ON con

257 isolates a specific pathway through the AII amacrine cell that does not require iGluRs: cone-->ON co

258 Here we report a population of retinal amacrine cells that do not develop dendritic arbors in r

259 sion largely restricted to a small subset of amacrine cells that express disabled-1 (Dab1) but lack e

260 in cells in marmoset retina are medium-field amacrine cells that share their stratification pattern w

261 he exception of the rod pathway-specific AII amacrine cell, the connectivity of glycinergic small-fie

262 esized and released by a specialized type of amacrine cell, the dopaminergic amacrine cell (DAC).

263 another subpopulation of upstream GABAergic amacrine cells, thereby sustaining the GABAC receptor ac

264 that enables a small-field, dual-transmitter amacrine cell to process diverse dendritic functions in

265 Coupling causes the amacrine cells to fire spikes that propagate radially ov

266 ynapses and/or glycinergic synapses from AII amacrine cells to OFF ganglion cells) is sufficient for

267 This allows the actions of SRIF on DA amacrine cells to proceed with adjusting retinal DA leve

268 el cholinergic, non-GABAergic, non-starburst amacrine cell type described for the first time in teleo

269 se and test a model for the function of this amacrine cell type, in which the extra-classical recepti

270 ar layer, indicating they represent a single amacrine cell type.

271 We also labeled several wide-field amacrine cell types that have been previously identified

272 The VIP-ires-Cre amacrine cell types were identified in VIP-Brainbow2.1 r

273 s some other subsets of retinal ganglion and amacrine cell types, along with horizontal cells, while

274 function of most of the approximately 30-40 amacrine cell types, each of which synapses onto a subse

275 es and intercellular connections of specific amacrine cell types.

276 (Mus musculus) lines, and identified two new amacrine cell types: an asymmetric medium-field type and

277 ChAT amacrine cells typically comprise two spatially segregat

278 The AII amacrine cell uses sign-conserving electrical synapses t

279 study visual processing in VGluT3-expressing amacrine cells (VG3-ACs) in the mouse retina.

280 s to the recruitment of GABAergic wide-field amacrine cells (WACs) endowing the DS circuit with an ad

281 re, our results reveal a class of wide-field amacrine cells (WACs) with straight, unbranching dendrit

282 One presynaptic amacrine cell was identified as semilunar type 2, a poly

283 The total number of cholinergic amacrine cells was quantified in the C57BL/6J and A/J in

284 ecordings between bipolar cell terminals and amacrine cells, we have simultaneously measured presynap

285 Although PRDM13 is expressed in the amacrine cells, we have yet to identify an abnormality s

286 Instead, NMDA receptors on both amacrine cells were activated by ambient glutamate, and

287 bipolar cells and conventional synapses from amacrine cells were identified in electron microscopic i

288 The presynaptic wide-field amacrine cells were reconstructed, and two types were id

289 dendrites of GABAergic/cholinergic starburst amacrine cells, where it is first observed.

290 ractions in the inner retina are mediated by amacrine cells, which are thought to be inhibitory neuro

291 ss in the Ndufs4 KO is the loss of starburst amacrine cells, which may be an important target in the

292 their dyad postsynaptic targets, AII and A17 amacrine cells, which play an essential role in processi

293 this study was on the presynaptic wide-field amacrine cells, which provided 17% of the input to ON pa

294 crush pathologically upregulated activity in amacrine cells, which reduced RGC electrical activity an

295 is provided by a subpopulation of wide-field amacrine cells, which stimulate the GABAC receptors at r

296 equency signals was regulated by glycinergic amacrine cells, while GABAergic inhibition regulated the

297 was localized in a population of small-field amacrine cells, whose cell bodies formed a regular mosai

298 terminals in the IPL, as well as a putative amacrine cell with their cell bodies in the inner nuclea

299 These are GABAergic amacrine cells with long, relatively straight dendrites,

300 ion of M1 ipRGCs and DA amacrine cells, SRIF amacrine cells would provide inhibitory modulation to bo