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1 yields and require large volumes of solvent "antifreezes".
2 One of the best-known uses of methanol is as antifreeze.
3 or these phenomena and observed that peptoid antifreeze activities depend both on oligomer backbone s
4 tion, the mechanisms of their noncolligative antifreeze activity are probably quite similar.
5  expressing tobacco lines exhibited enhanced antifreeze activity as demonstrated by the ability to in
6 peptoid oligomers that possess "dual-action" antifreeze activity as exemplified by ice crystal growth
7 5), and a beetle AFP (DAFP1) with increasing antifreeze activity as potential additives for controlli
8 hemically synthesized sfAFP had the expected antifreeze activity in an ice recrystallization inhibiti
9 A in tobacco resulted in the accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplast of plants grown at g
10   We use terahertz spectroscopy to show that antifreeze activity is directly correlated with long-ran
11                              We suggest that antifreeze activity may be induced because the AFGP pert
12  the presence of trehalose also enhances the antifreeze activity of AFPs.
13 ons make essential contributions to the high antifreeze activity of insect AFPs from the beetle Dendr
14     The absence of a distinct correlation in antifreeze activity points to a mechanistic difference i
15 ve independently evolved proteins exhibiting antifreeze activity that allows survival at subfreezing
16            The levels of thermal hysteresis (antifreeze activity) produced by purified antifreeze pro
17 Ser resulted in moderate to complete loss of antifreeze activity, depending on the number and positio
18 ulk water behavior strongly reduces the AFGP antifreeze activity, further supporting our model.
19 recipitation, and finally the enhancement of antifreeze activity.
20 g molecules with enhanced ice nucleation and antifreeze activity.
21 o evaluate the role of threonine residues on antifreeze activity.
22 number of the hydrogen bonds the greater the antifreeze activity.
23 r the AF(G)Ps are well correlated with their antifreeze activity.
24 rupt the ice-like character and to eliminate antifreeze activity.
25 tive AFPs compared to the AFPs with moderate antifreeze activity.
26  For over three decades since the first fish antifreeze (AF) protein was discovered, many studies of
27 he cheese whey byproduct can be an excellent antifreezing agent due to its unique molecular structure
28 ily of synthetic oligomers with potential as antifreeze agents in food production and biomedicine.
29 t has also been assigned a role as water-ice antifreeze and methane hydrate inhibitor which is though
30 ted large reserves of cryoprotectants (i.e. 'antifreeze') and exhibited greater cold tolerance.
31 dividually trace the in situ movement of the antifreezing Au colloids during ice growth/recrystalliza
32 sms of winter flounder and shorthorn sculpin antifreeze binding to ice are compared.
33 crystallisation inhibition (IRI) activity of antifreeze biomimetics is crucial to the development of
34 a protein hydrolysate is a promising natural antifreeze component for yeast cryopreservation in the f
35  and structural analyses indicated that this antifreeze contains a beta-mannopyranosyl-(1-->4) beta-x
36 tive of the presence of large-molecular-mass antifreezes (e.g., antifreeze proteins), has been descri
37 ave gained a large interest for their use in antifreeze formulations for water-based materials, such
38 o temperatures, showing the expansion of the antifreeze gene locus from the ancestral to the derived
39 to low-temperature stress and identified the antifreeze genes HDA6 and SK2.
40                     Both the haemoglobin and antifreeze genomic loci are characterised by multiple tr
41     These results demonstrate that synthetic antifreeze (glyco)protein mimics could have a crucial ro
42                                              Antifreeze (glyco)proteins are found in polar fish speci
43 -adapted organisms, over a dozen isoforms of antifreeze (glyco)proteins or AF(G)Ps are present.
44 early demonstrate that biomimetic analogs of antifreeze (glyco)proteins should be tailored to the spe
45 rowth of ice crystals in a manner similar to antifreeze (glyco)proteins to enhance the cryopreservati
46 inspired by the antifreeze protein (AFP) and antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) are attached onto the sur
47 vo formation of the northern gadid (codfish) antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) gene from a minimal nonco
48 lying the quintessential adaptive phenotype, antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) that enables Antarctic no
49 xodes scapularis ticks, called I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (IAFGP), that has high affinity
50 m induces ticks to express Ixodes scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (iafgp), which encodes a protein
51  the solution structure of the 14-amino acid antifreeze glycoprotein AFGP-8 have concluded that the m
52 on from ice damage, including genes encoding antifreeze glycoprotein and zona pellucida proteins, are
53           The (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra of antifreeze glycoprotein fractions 1-5 from Antarctic cod
54  most complete reconstruction to date of the antifreeze glycoprotein gene family, whose emergence ena
55               We identified an I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein, designated IAFGP, and demonstra
56  injury owing to induced expression of tick "antifreeze glycoprotein." This allows A. phagocytophilum
57                                              Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are the most potent IRI
58               Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) enable the survival of
59                                The origin of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in Antarctic notothenio
60                       We have found that the antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) of the predominant Anta
61 s have evolved antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to avoid inoculative fr
62 and superorders), yet produce near-identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to survive in their res
63                                              Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), found in the blood of
64                                              Antifreeze glycoproteins from the Greenland cod Boreogad
65      It appears that antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins have reached different evolutio
66 ue morpho-physiological adaptations, such as antifreeze glycoproteins, that contributed to their evol
67 ed an ice shaping ability similar to that of antifreeze glycoproteins.
68 d in the activity of antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins.
69    Methanol is also assigned a major role as antifreeze in giving icy planetary bodies (e.g., Titan)
70 environments and attractive as biocompatible antifreezes in many applications.
71    This xylomannan is the first TH-producing antifreeze isolated from a freeze-tolerant animal and th
72 as this will accelerate the discovery of new antifreeze mimics.
73 y roles in the ice-binding properties of the antifreeze peptide.
74 o mechanisms for activity of winter flounder antifreeze peptide.
75                               In this study, antifreeze peptides extracted from hydrolysates of sea c
76 ion for the prevalence of such structures in antifreeze peptides produced by cold-weather species, su
77 ovel cryoprotective agent for marine-derived antifreeze peptides.
78 ogs of an alanine-rich, alpha-helical type I antifreeze polypeptide from the winter flounder were syn
79 on of green beans was analyzed to verify its antifreeze potential.
80 ched different evolutionary solutions to the antifreeze problem, utilizing either a few precisely pos
81       As expected, D-sfAFP displays the same antifreeze properties as L-sfAFP, because ice presents a
82 ic elucidation of the molecular basis of the antifreeze properties of this unique protein.
83 he low-throughout assays associated with the antifreeze properties.
84 a freeze tolerant Himalayan shrub exhibiting antifreeze properties.
85 g chitin-affinity chromatography that showed antifreeze property by ice recrystallization inhibition.
86 lvent interaction of an ice-binding type III antifreeze protein (AFP III) and ubiquitin a non-ice-bin
87                Oligopeptides inspired by the antifreeze protein (AFP) and antifreeze glycoprotein (AF
88          We have studied the winter flounder antifreeze protein (AFP) and two of its mutants using mo
89                        The TH activity of an antifreeze protein (AFP) depends on the specific AFP and
90 example, evolved repetitive tandem arrays of antifreeze protein (AFP) genes that facilitate adaptatio
91  stereospecific binding of shorthorn sculpin antifreeze protein (AFP) to (2 -1 0) secondary prism fac
92                                           An antifreeze protein (AFP) with no known homologs has been
93 rimary sequence of the mature spruce budworm antifreeze protein (sbwAFP) was constructed by primer ov
94 e recently discovered glycine-rich snow flea antifreeze protein (sfAFP) has no sequence homology with
95        Here, we show that, for the snow flea antifreeze protein (sfAFP), stability and cooperativity
96 termine the X-ray structure of the snow flea antifreeze protein (sfAFP).
97                                    Thus, the antifreeze protein can bind to the molecularly rough ice
98                          We hypothesize that antifreeze protein diversity is an important contributor
99 dentification of a phenotype associated with antifreeze protein expression in plant tissue.
100 ed to investigate the mechanism by which the antifreeze protein from the spruce budworm, Choristoneur
101                                  A synthetic antifreeze protein gene was expressed in plants and redu
102                                          The antifreeze protein genes, both with and without the sign
103 ng that increased activity of the two-domain antifreeze protein is not dependent on structure of the
104                       The sequence of carrot antifreeze protein is similar to that of polygalacturona
105 This opens up a new field of metallo-organic antifreeze protein mimetics and provides insight into th
106 ish growth hormone (ccGH) cDNA driven by the antifreeze protein promoter from an ocean pout Zoarces a
107  initiate the crystallization process of the antifreeze protein solution.
108 s C, in part by synthesizing the most potent antifreeze protein studied thus far (RiAFP).
109 he simulations indicate that the 2.5 nm long antifreeze protein TmAFP nucleates ice at 2 +/- 1 degree
110 phobic groups at the ice-binding site of the antifreeze protein TmAFP of Tenebrio molitor and extende
111 n the initial recognition and binding of the antifreeze protein to ice by lowering the barrier for bi
112 that the model alpha-helical winter flounder antifreeze protein uses an unusual undertwisting of its
113 the properties of water at the surface of an antifreeze protein with femtosecond surface sum frequenc
114 fibrils formed from engineered R. inquisitor antifreeze protein, depending upon geometry, we estimate
115 ure of RD3, a naturally occurring two-domain antifreeze protein, suggests that the two nearly identic
116 yoprotection by a dehydrin is not due to any antifreeze protein-like activity, as has been reported p
117 or the repetitive tripeptide backbone of the antifreeze protein.
118           The gene for a thermal hysteresis (antifreeze) protein (sthp-64) from the bittersweet night
119  the cell membrane, while insect hyperactive antifreeze proteins (AFP) are soluble and generally smal
120 enes encoding insect, Dendroides canadensis, antifreeze proteins (AFP) were produced by Agrobacterium
121                                        Since antifreeze proteins (AFPs) act as KHIs, we have used the
122                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins
123                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a subset of ice-binding p
124                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a unique class of protein
125              The primary sequences of type I antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are Ala rich and contain thre
126                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are found in fish, insects, p
127                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are of great importance for a
128                                     Type III antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are present in the body fluid
129                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are remarkable biomolecules t
130                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are specific proteins that ar
131                                          The antifreeze proteins (AFPs) bind ice nuclei and depress t
132                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) bind ice to reduce freezing t
133                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) can produce a difference betw
134                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) facilitate the survival of di
135                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have been identified in certa
136                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have independently evolved in
137                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have the ability to modify ic
138                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) help some organisms resist fr
139                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) make up a class of structural
140                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) of polar marine teleost fishe
141  subpolar marine teleost fishes have evolved antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (
142                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect certain cold-adapted
143                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect certain organisms fro
144                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect many plants and organ
145 nisms produce ice-binding proteins (IBPs) or antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to adapt to low temperatures,
146                  It has been argued that for antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to stop ice crystal growth, t
147                                              Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), known to protect organisms f
148  basis of the cytoprotective capabilities of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), we hypothesized that supplem
149 om freezing by the presence of extracellular antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which bind to ice, modify it
150  limit supercooling and induce freezing, and antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which function to prevent fr
151 dy plants, and overwintering insects produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which lower the freezing poi
152 s (antifreeze activity) produced by purified antifreeze proteins (DAFPs) from the larvae of the beetl
153 Dendroides canadensis produce a family of 13 antifreeze proteins (DAFPs), four of which are in the he
154                              It appears that antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins have re
155 both have been implicated in the activity of antifreeze proteins and antifreeze glycoproteins.
156                           Hyperactive insect antifreeze proteins and bacterial ice-nucleating protein
157 f hydrogen bond dynamics for the function of antifreeze proteins and for molecular recognition.
158                                              Antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins [AF(G)Ps] have bee
159 que polysaccharide resemble those present in antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins.
160  This distinguishes AFGPs and PVA from rigid antifreeze proteins and, we argue, is responsible for th
161                                     Type III antifreeze proteins are found in Arctic and Antarctic ee
162 vation of donor cells and tissue, but native antifreeze proteins are often not suitable, nor easily a
163                                              Antifreeze proteins are produced by extremophile species
164 ers which have no structural similarities to antifreeze proteins but reproduce the same macroscopic p
165 ave used site-selective strategies to attach antifreeze proteins found in Arctic fish and insects to
166                                              Antifreeze proteins from polar fish species are remarkab
167 olecular evolution and diversity of Type III antifreeze proteins in a single individual Antarctic fis
168 ng avoidance conferred by different types of antifreeze proteins in various polar and subpolar fishes
169           Although structurally diverse, all antifreeze proteins interact with ice surfaces, depress
170                                              Antifreeze proteins lower the noncolligative freezing po
171 carrot shares these functional features with antifreeze proteins of fish.
172 th a clear life-saving function, the diverse antifreeze proteins of polar fishes are exemplary adapti
173                                              Antifreeze proteins prevent ice crystal growth in extrac
174                                              Antifreeze proteins restrict the growth of ice crystals
175 pted to live at subzero temperatures express antifreeze proteins that improve their tolerance to free
176 proline as a minimum (bio)synthetic mimic of antifreeze proteins that is accessible by solution, soli
177 tures (spruce budworm and Rhagium inquisitor antifreeze proteins) derived from sonication-based measu
178 e of large-molecular-mass antifreezes (e.g., antifreeze proteins), has been described in animals, pla
179                                For instance, antifreeze proteins, bovine serum albumin, and ovomucoid
180   Ice-binding proteins (IBPs), also known as antifreeze proteins, were added to ice cream to investig
181 comparable to that of the most active insect antifreeze proteins.
182 ilar to that of freezing point depression by antifreeze proteins.
183  Such repeats are a common feature of animal antifreeze proteins.
184 ch is known as an enhancer of certain insect antifreeze proteins.
185 synthetic macromolecular (polymer) mimics of antifreeze proteins.
186 mal hysteresis as a functional effect of the antifreeze proteins.
187 ore, we identify three properties of Type I "antifreeze" proteins that discriminate among these two o
188 al structure of the fish antifreeze type III antifreeze structure, these codons correspond to amino a
189         Instead of commonly used colligative antifreezes such as salts and alcohols, the advantage of
190  the three-dimensional structure of the fish antifreeze type III antifreeze structure, these codons c
191 uture design of highly potent, biocompatible antifreezes with tunable affinity.

 
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