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1 facilitate rapid range expansion of a native anuran.
2 te in the sequence of metamorphic changes in anurans.
3  gastrulation, differing in this regard from anurans.
4  signals is essential to call recognition in anurans.
5 about the ancestral developmental pattern in anurans.
6 g that tadpole gigantism occurred among stem-anurans.
7 es transmission of parental skin microbes in anurans.
8 d no such effect on postmetamorphic juvenile anurans.
9 gically relevant and widespread in arid-zone anurans.
10 l events in limb formation in metamorphosing anurans.
11 on selectivity and acoustic communication in anurans.
12 n theory (e.g., mammals [1-5]; birds [6, 7]; anurans [8, 9]), but this does not usually include alarm
13                                              Anuran acoustic signaling systems are thus subject to th
14                    We found that amniote and anuran AER-specific Fgfs and their cognate receptors wer
15  the third most common infectious disease of anurans after ranavirus infections and chytridiomycosis.
16 on, and connectivity the subdivisions of the anuran alar hypothalamus possess many features shared wi
17 ts are also conserved in a distantly related anuran amphibian (Xenopus tropicalis).
18 ell proliferation throughout the brain of an anuran amphibian using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU).
19       In this study, we have analyzed in the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis (an anamniote vertebrate
20 ogy of putative receptors in the brain of an anuran amphibian, the male bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana).
21 is the major component of social behavior in anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) and has served as a
22                                              Anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) are a classic model
23                                          For anuran amphibians (frogs and toads), social and reproduc
24  two low-frequency-tuned inner-ear organs in anuran amphibians - the amphibian papilla and sacculus,
25                               Premetamorphic anuran amphibians are believed to be significantly more
26                                              Anuran amphibians are particularly informative subjects
27 frogs (family Dendrobatidae) are terrestrial anuran amphibians displaying a wide range of coloration
28                                       Hence, anuran amphibians may possess greater cognitive abilitie
29 iverse and phylogenetically ancient group of anuran amphibians that include important vertebrate cell
30 udy analyzes the main features of the BST in anuran amphibians to establish putative homologies with
31                                              Anuran amphibians undergo a rapid and dramatic process o
32                                              Anuran amphibians undergo major morphological transition
33                    The habenula circuitry of anuran amphibians, decedents of the first land-living te
34                           Female insects and anuran amphibians, for instance, use acoustic cues to lo
35 aggregates (LAs) were found in the mucosa of anuran amphibians, suggesting that O-MALT evolved from a
36        Within the largely nocturnal clade of anuran amphibians, the dart-poison frog, Epipedobates fe
37 and regulation of neuromodulatory systems in anuran amphibians, tracing and immunohistochemical inves
38 s in axolotls resemble those in amniotes and anuran amphibians.
39 roid hormone (TH)-regulated metamorphosis in anuran amphibians.
40 pivotal role in the reproductive behavior of anuran amphibians.
41 he same developmental stage that it controls anuran and flounder metamorphosis.
42 re and distribution to the peptides found in anuran and urodele amphibian orders.
43 ere we assessed calling activity of tropical anurans and addressed how species composition varied dur
44 apod limb development, urodeles deviate from anurans and amniotes in at least two key respects: their
45 n across all three limb axes, in contrast to anurans and amniotes where Fgf-signaling regulates cell
46 ions influence colour lightness evolution in anurans and filtered for more similarly coloured species
47 nt in the early evolutionary history of stem-anurans and has remained stable for at least 161 million
48 be more segregated than in elasmobranchs and anurans and have some surprising similarities to those i
49  as an immunostimulatory agent as it does in Anurans and mammals, nor did it affect keratinocyte migr
50 ensive assessment of their occurrence across anurans and performed ancestral character state reconstr
51 ny species with primary growth oocytes, e.g. anurans and reptiles, to predict maturity stages in fema
52 dentify a "large size-wide skull" pattern of anuran, and possibly amphibian, evolutionary allometry.
53                        Our results show that anurans, and especially bufonid toads, are an excellent
54        Perkinsea infected 32% of all sampled anurans, and Pr prevalence was significantly elevated in
55 polymorphism in the ecology and evolution of anurans, and provides a framework for future research on
56  predators of invertebrates (birds, lizards, anurans, and spiders), seed predators (rodents), and her
57 t in all genera of dendrobatids and in other anurans, and to its unnatural enantiomer, PTX (-)-251D.
58 chick and mechanistic novelties in amniotes, anurans, and urodeles.
59                                              Anurans are characterized by a biphasic life cycle, with
60                           We investigated 39 anuran assemblages in the Pantanal wetlands (Brazil) wit
61  complementarity on the structuring of these anuran assemblages over fine-temporal scales.
62 he variation of calling activity in tropical anuran assemblages suggest potential trade-offs mediated
63                Nocturnal calling activity of anuran assemblages varied more within the 1-hr resolutio
64                                          The anuran auditory system is well suited for addressing thi
65                                       In the anuran auditory system, temporal information of this typ
66 al evidence for long-term integration in the anuran auditory system.
67 osis has enabled the evolution of the unique anuran bauplan.
68   However, we present here evidence that two anurans, Brachycephalus ephippium and B. pitanga, are in
69 n patterns during development identified the anuran BST as a subpallial, nonstriatal territory.
70              All these data suggest that the anuran BST shares many features with its counterpart in
71     Together, these results suggest that the anuran CeA evaluates the valence of acoustic cues and in
72 ation consistent the function of PTX 251D in anuran chemical defense against ectoparasitic arthropods
73 ative analyses reveal 13 conserved ancestral anuran chromosomes from which contemporary frog genomes
74 gative effect of anthropogenic vibrations on anuran communication, and the urgent need for further in
75 rog biofluorescence is likely functioning in anuran communication.
76 hat Pr may be under-recognized as a cause of anuran declines, especially in the context of pathogen c
77 f Se (and other metal and metalloids) during anuran development and the implications of transference
78 hological changes during embryonic stages of anuran development have been well documented, much less
79 titute a unique condition that evolved after anurans diverged from other amphibians.
80 e elaborate interconnection principle of the anuran dopaminergic system than previously assumed.
81 tionships between envelope components of the anuran egg, and provide further evidence supporting the
82 k sensitivity of green-sensitive rods in the anuran eye, likely increasing contrast of this signal fo
83 ces from six frog species representing three anuran families (Hylidae, Centrolenidae and Ranidae).
84                Representatives of all native anuran families have tested Bd-positive, and exposure tr
85               We sampled permanent ponds for anurans, focusing on populations of the habitat generali
86      This contrasts with the postmetamorphic anuran fossil record that dates back to the Early Jurass
87                                              Anuran (frog) tadpoles and urodeles (newts and salamande
88        While it was previously believed that anuran (frog/toad) amphibian tadpoles are more susceptib
89 ow that the occurrence of high biliverdin in anurans (frogs and toads) has evolved multiple times dur
90 class of auditory neurons in the midbrain of anurans (frogs and toads) responds only to a series of s
91 the genetic diversification patterns of both anurans genera and the existence of paleodrainage system
92 up of mostly diurnal leaf-litter Neotropical anurans has both toxic/colorful and palatable/cryptic sp
93                              In recent time, anurans have been traced back to Early Triassic forms an
94 amatic skeletal and tissue remodeling of the anuran head and body at metamorphosis.
95 d from bullfrogs are more virulent in native anuran hosts compared to genotypes isolated from native
96 n greatest in large-bodied, range-restricted anurans in wet climates in the Americas and Australia.
97                          In many lineages of anurans, increased mineralization has led to hyperossifi
98 ost widespread cryptic color polymorphism in anurans, involving green and brown morphs.
99    Our results suggest that MHC evolution in anurans is a dynamic process and that variation in numbe
100                The repeated loss of teeth in anurans is associated with a specialized diet of small i
101      The extent of cellular proliferation in anurans is similar to that of fishes and reptiles and th
102 n of an ossifying hypochord to the coccyx in anurans is unique among vertebrates and remains a develo
103      The many losses and gains of the TME in anurans is unparalleled among tetrapods.
104 adpole and, to our knowledge, the first stem-anuran larva.
105 mong a predator-prey system of dragonfly and anuran larvae in tropical montane (242-3,631 m) and habi
106 ess the susceptibility of several species of anurans, lizards, and fish as paratenic hosts for Dracun
107                               In contrast to anurans, many salamanders do not undergo metamorphosis i
108                                          The anuran medial and lateral habenula homologs receive diff
109 of tissue degeneration and remodeling during anuran metamorphosis as a mechanism for altering tissue-
110                             The T3-dependent anuran metamorphosis serves as a model to study postembr
111 s that appear to be common to salamander and anuran metamorphosis, and also highlight clear transcrip
112                                       During anuran metamorphosis, larval cells of the tadpole are co
113                      We reviewed data on 247 anuran mortality events in 43 States of the United State
114 ts can increase the adverse effects of Bd on anurans, no studies have examined the interactive effect
115 e we report a late-stage tadpole of the stem-anuran Notobatrachus degiustoi from the Middle Jurassic
116                                           In anuran ovaries, 5S rDNA is regulated transcriptionally b
117      Amphibian Perkinsea (Pr) is a worldwide anuran pathogen associated with mass mortality events, y
118 tory of cranial hyperossification across the anuran phylogeny, and tested for relationships between e
119 e establish Pr infection patterns in natural anuran populations and identify important covariates inc
120                                         Most anurans possess a tympanic middle ear (TME) that transmi
121 wed both unambiguous characterization of the anuran pretectal nuclei with regard to their origin in t
122  difficulty exists in Xenopus tropicalis, an anuran quickly becoming a relevant model for genetic, ge
123             One class of midbrain neurons in anurans responds selectively over a narrow range of puls
124 code and Sxph family expansion among diverse anurans separated by ~140 My of evolution provides a mol
125 ts illustrate that the basal hypothalamus of anurans shares many features of specification, regionali
126                                 Instead, the anuran soft tissues are preserved as two layers that dif
127 rval fitness traits were investigated in two anuran species (Bufo calamita and Rana temporaria) under
128   The SPI mortality events affected numerous anuran species and occurred over a broad geographic area
129 rmal conditions on mortality patterns across anuran species from temperate regions.
130           We considered two pairs of related anuran species from the Ranidae (Rana luteiventris and R
131  may alter the post-embryonic development of anuran species in freshwater environs, where IBF is a pe
132               A comparative analysis of many anuran species shows that the first stage in biasing res
133            We more than triple the number of anuran species that have been tested for this trait.
134  of 15 individual cranial regions across 173 anuran species, representing every extant family.
135     Dracunculus L3s were recovered from four anuran species, two lizard species, and one fish species
136  approximately 10x greater than in two other anuran species, which do not produce foot flags (Rana pi
137                       This suggests that the anuran-specific infrarostral cartilage evolved by partit
138 mbination of ancestral tetrapod features and anuran-specific novelties.
139                          Although Na(V)s and anuran STX binding proteins (saxiphilins, Sxphs) use con
140  interactive effects of pesticides and Bd on anuran survival and no effects of pesticides on infectio
141 ely considered to be the juvenile hormone of anuran tadpoles and to counteract the effects of thyroid
142 easing threat to amphibian populations, with anuran tadpoles being particularly susceptible to these
143                                              Anuran tadpoles gradually lose the capacity to regenerat
144                             Metamorphosis of anuran tadpoles is controlled by thyroid hormone (TH).
145                                              Anuran tadpoles, including those of Xenopus laevis, are
146 ungal growth, prevented chytrid infection in anuran tadpoles.
147 ficantly reduced probability of infection in anuran tadpoles.
148 of alkaloids that are found in virtually all anurans that are chemically defended by the presence of
149         To clarify basal ganglia function in anurans, the authors used expression of immediate-early
150                      Relative to terrestrial anurans, the torus of X. laevis is hypertrophied and occ
151 e important functions of colour lightness in anurans - thermoregulation, pathogen and UVB protection
152  preaxial dominance, whereas in amniotes and anurans, these developmental sequences are reversed.
153 charides are found in a host of tissues from anuran to humans.
154 dings from duration-selective neurons in the anuran torus semicircularis, in vivo.
155                                          The anuran urostyle, which evolved nearly 200 MYA, is one su
156 n the developmental changes that lead to the anuran urostyle, with an emphasis on understanding the o
157  investigated the taphonomy of the Geiseltal anurans using diverse microbeam imaging and chemical ana
158 glossal nerve is a derived characteristic of anurans, which has resulted from the re-routing of affer
159      Therefore, we aim to close this gap for anurans, which is the largest order of amphibians.
160 d prior to the divergence of salamanders and anurans, while others fused independently and randomly a
161                 Xenopus laevis is an aquatic anuran with a complex vocal repertoire.
162                                Eggs from the anuran Xenopus laevis are surrounded by a thick jelly co
163 t modifications in seven tissue types of the anuran Xenopus laevis, including oocyte, egg, sperm, ear
164 gosaccharides from the egg jelly coat of the anuran Xenopus laevis.
165 as been successfully applied to a variety of anurans, yet the approach has seen limited use for inter

 
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