ライフサイエンスコーパス: anxiety

1 and rho = 0.83 [0.68-0.92] for cone-function anxiety).

2 problems (eg, cognitive decline, depression, anxiety).

3 N = 42), all had co-morbid depression and/or anxiety.

4 therapeutic target for meaningfully reducing anxiety.

5 mensions and a second relatively specific to anxiety.

6 expressing feelings of depression and health anxiety.

7 open-field and plus maze were used to assess anxiety.

8 Questionnaire for symptoms of depression and anxiety.

9 nd inform neurodevelopmental perspectives on anxiety.

10 other pain syndromes, as well as stress and anxiety.

11 tional therapy on a patient's vision-related anxiety.

12 in separate studies, for modulating fear and anxiety.

13 r cingulate cortex in patients with clinical anxiety.

14 rall effectiveness or harms of screening for anxiety.

15 body weight, without altering locomotion and anxiety.

16 tion, lower visit happiness and higher visit anxiety.

17 e treatment of depression and cancer-related anxiety.

18 dentifying and predicting risk for pediatric anxiety.

19 s mirrored by decreases of negative mood and anxiety.

20 ls, such as hypertension, heart failure, and anxiety.

21 ty in networks that underlie sociability and anxiety.

22 marginal reliability (0.81 for rod-function anxiety, 0.83 for cone-function anxiety) and exhibits mi

23 lows: depression 41.8% (95% CI 35.8%-48.0%), anxiety 21.0% (95% CI: 4.8%-58.4%), PTSD 19.7% (95% CI 3

24 moderately to highly accurate in identifying anxiety (33 individual studies and 2 systematic reviews;

25 ociated with elevated self-report scores for anxiety (55.2 vs. 50.0), depression (50.2 vs. 46.1), and

26 The prevalence of delirium, pain, anxiety, adverse reactions, duration of mechanical venti

27 varied over time between those with/without anxiety after accounting for baseline dissimilarities in

28 Symptoms of depression and anxiety, aggressive behavior, and attention-deficit/hype

29 s and processes thought to underlie fear and anxiety, along with the promise of translational researc

30 Individuals with higher anxiety also experienced more rapid vasoconstriction (P

31 These data suggest that state anxiety alters the dynamics of beta oscillations during

32 dealing with problem behaviors and reducing anxiety among informal caregivers.

33 e prevalence and new onset of depression and anxiety among subjects with age-related macular degenera

34 ment (i.e., an association between pediatric anxiety and a specific neurocognitive process), and then

35 We show that physiological symptoms of anxiety and a transdiagnostic compulsivity-related facto

36 Analyses tested anxiety and age associations with psychophysiological re

37 ture-response associations were moderated by anxiety and age in several regions.

38 ht contribute to increased susceptibility to anxiety and alcohol abuse in men.

39 ighly conserved regulatory mechanism linking anxiety and alcohol intake that might contribute to incr

40 Usability, adherence, anxiety and anaphylaxis episodes were evaluated as secon

41 tes that early neural measures implicated in anxiety and anxious temperament may be incorporated with

42 , fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength-8), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression

43 e of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depression among African gamers, (2) the ass

44 to separate symptom variance common to both anxiety and depression from that unique to each.

45 ernalizing factor, with high loadings across anxiety and depression items, were linked to impoverishe

46 antly improved depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale HADS) at both 24-h (

47 5 module, the SF12v2 score, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire.

48 R23] and Fatigue module [QLQ-FA12], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) collected 1 year after dia

49 trength-8), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), cognitive functioning (Co

50 general distress assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

51 Montreal Cognitive Assessment test; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Impact of Event Scale-Revi

52 immune changes may contribute to subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms in childhood.

53 pression, and conversely, they should assess anxiety and depression when they present with GI complai

54 f "GI health" when young adults present with anxiety and depression, and conversely, they should asse

55 asthma and food allergy were associated with anxiety and depression, atopic dermatitis was associated

56 c risk factor for adult internalizing (i.e., anxiety and depression, beta = 0.20) psychopathology, ra

57 d from fatigue, 28% and 26% from symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively, and 6% from cognit

58 role for accumbal MFN2 on the regulation of anxiety and depression-like behaviors through actions on

59 omorbid neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and depression.

60 nt visits in the previous year, and comorbid anxiety and depression.

61 (AT) are at an increased risk for developing anxiety and depression.

62 understanding, treating, and even preventing anxiety and fear-related disorders offer great opportuni

63 Anxiety and fear-related disorders peak in prevalence du

64 plaining the intimate link between sleep and anxiety and further highlight the prospect of non-rapid

65 nferior temporal cortex differed between the anxiety and healthy groups at relatively younger ages.

66 r acoustic signals to manage conditions like anxiety and hyperactivity.

67 r understanding the behavioral expression of anxiety and its neural circuitry, the ethical and techni

68 s over 5% of women, with symptoms similar to anxiety and major depression, and is associated with dif

69 In studies of anxiety and other affective disorders, objectively measu

70 s response to threat and may be disrupted in anxiety and post-trauma psychopathology.

71 it fear-inducing social stimuli in models of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder.

72 into maladaptive plasticities that underlie anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders in humans.

73 ity (rho = 0.81 [0.64-0.91] for rod-function anxiety and rho = 0.83 [0.68-0.92] for cone-function anx

74 ed best to stimulation of one circuit, while anxiety and somatic symptoms responded best to stimulati

75 between measures of psychological distress (anxiety and/or depressive symptoms) and normalized chara

76 rod-function anxiety, 0.83 for cone-function anxiety) and exhibits minimal test-retest variability (r

77 emergent disorders, specifically depression, anxiety, and deliberate self-harm (nonsuicidal self-inju

78 Serotonin is a key mediator of stress, anxiety, and depression, and novel therapeutic targets w

79 ative psychological states including stress, anxiety, and depression-is a substantial prenatal exposu

80 the reduction of chronic pain, inflammation, anxiety, and depression.

81 henotype frequently accompanied by insomnia, anxiety, and depression.

82 -one individuals with comparable depression, anxiety, and ELM scores were used as psychiatric control

83 ry outcomes included symptoms of depression, anxiety, and family satisfaction.

84 hreat responses including autonomic arousal, anxiety, and freezing behavior, while thalamic and basal

85 volume changes with depression, generalized anxiety, and hyperactivity symptoms at age 19.

86 revalence estimates of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and limited covariates were reported in the inc

87 y-induced locomotor activity, lower baseline anxiety, and motivational deficits in operant conditioni

88 Changes in depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing were not significantly

89 (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Schizophrenia, anxiety, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

90 Rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were similar

91 ondary outcomes of alcohol craving and mood, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, which are predictive of

92 hizophrenia, bipolar or unipolar depression, anxiety, and substance use) to matched healthy control p

93 ic structure that is a powerful modulator of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior.

94 ry for environmental factors that potentiate anxiety- and depressive-like behavior.

95 Infection was also associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors.

96 The pathophysiology of pediatric anxiety appears to involve greater capture of attention

97 This study aims at showing that anxiety at admission in critically ill patients is assoc

98 ation study (GWAS) of a continuous trait for anxiety (based on score on the Generalized Anxiety Disor

99 etic resonance imaging scanner, and assessed anxiety [Beck Anxiety Inventory], depressive symptoms [B

100 in the ventral tegmental area did not affect anxiety behavior.

101 zures, hyperactivity, repetitive and reduced anxiety behaviours, plus several unexpected features, in

102 cific mental disorder, including depression, anxiety, bipolar, borderline personality disorder, schiz

103 ures and IBS symptom severity or GI-specific anxiety but we found a significant difference in the rel

104 lth disorders (CMDs), such as depression and anxiety, but we know little about nature-related motivat

105 ent of AEA signaling rescued seizure-induced anxiety by restoring the tonic control of the eCB signal

106 Although anxiety can be an adaptive response to unpredictable thr

107 Trait scores, - 23.5 (13.2), indicating less anxiety, compared to placebo group, - 8.8 (14.7); result

108 unknown, but if they do, induced (adaptive) anxiety could be used as an intermediate translational m

109 y outcomes were average drinks/day and mood, anxiety, craving, and sleep quality ratings.

110 Patients' anxiety decreased from 52.2% to 29.3% (P < .001).

111 understanding the emergence of pathological anxiety depends on the availability of paradigms effecti

112 sessed processing speed, executive function, anxiety, depression and disease severity.

113 validated measures on insomnia, sleepiness, anxiety, depression and gaming addiction.

114 Self-reported anxiety, depression, and bodily pain levels were signifi

115 ociated with lower prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic dissociation (odd

116 nd 6 months later demonstrated low levels of anxiety, depression, distress, and uncertainty and high

117 bers of ICU patients may have high levels of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorders, and

118 at birth and the trajectories of children's anxiety-depression symptoms between ages 3 to 8 years (a

119 rbance (MD -7.29; 95% CI -8.23 to -6.35) and anxiety/depression (MD -3.08; 95% CI -4.41 to -1.75) and

120 orted an improvement in "usual activities", "anxiety/depression", and "overall health" scores.

121 onal outcomes included any neuropsychiatric, anxiety, depressive, personality, or substance use disor

122 not in juvenile or adult windows, increased anxiety-, despair-, and schizophrenia-like behavior in a

123 ales with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and nonpsychiatric controls.

124 a genome-wide association study of Lifetime Anxiety Disorder (n(case) = 25 453, n(control) = 58 113)

125 is and self-report of physician diagnosis of anxiety disorder (N=224,330) as a secondary analysis.

126 r anxiety (based on score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale [GAD-2], N=199,611) as the

127 psychiatric disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

128 Age moderated two sets of anxiety disorder findings.

129 t six times as likely to have had a mood and anxiety disorder health care visit, more than three time

130 was to ascertain the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorder health care visits and antidepressant a

131 Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with hyperactivity in the

132 ate to high accuracy for adults (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale: sensitivity, 70% to 97%; specifi

133 ent Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 Scale, respectively.

134 ve explanatory account of the development of anxiety disorders and addiction, but such models also fa

135 on circuitry and a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression.

136 odels of information processing in pediatric anxiety disorders and highlight the particular value of

137 eports of burnout, musculoskeletal injuries, anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances compared to les

138 Study 1 consisted of 81 adults with anxiety disorders and Study 2 included 55 children and a

139 Anxiety disorders are common and often disabling.

140 Mood and anxiety disorders are complex heterogeneous syndromes th

141 Anxiety disorders are infrequently recognized during rou

142 Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental ill

143 Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric dis

144 for the onset of psychiatric disorders, with anxiety disorders being the most common and affecting as

145 being considered as a novel therapeutic for anxiety disorders due to its ability to promote affiliat

146 hough both pediatric and adult patients with anxiety disorders exhibit similar neural responding to t

147 thy subjects compared with participants with anxiety disorders exhibited greater amygdala-ventromedia

148 pes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Predisposition to anxiety disorders has both a neurodevelopmental and a ge

149 ponse to unpredictable threats, pathological anxiety disorders occur when symptoms adversely affect d

150 cognitive training treatments for pediatric anxiety disorders rely on accurate and reliable identifi

151 ight nevertheless be a better model for some anxiety disorders than others.

152 absence of danger is a hallmark of disabling anxiety disorders that affect millions of people.

153 mechanisms that might contribute to fear and anxiety disorders transmission in clinically affected fa

154 -mGluR5 axis is linked to Parkinson disease, anxiety disorders, and drug addiction.

155 mpulsive disorder (OCD) and various types of anxiety disorders, but phenomenological overlap, high ra

156 rs of cognitive control in pediatric OCD and anxiety disorders, including before and after treatment.

157 = 326) included treatment-seeking youth with anxiety disorders, with disruptive mood dysregulation di

158 egulation is successful in treating mood and anxiety disorders.

159 iterature on Pavlovian learning in pediatric anxiety disorders.

160 a potential target for reducing avoidance in anxiety disorders.

161 2 included 55 children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.

162 sent a novel therapeutic target for fear and anxiety disorders.

163 ain-based targets for treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders.

164 personality trait that is a risk factor for anxiety disorders.

165 plicated in sleep impairment and in mood and anxiety disorders: the default mode network and negative

166 l changes in threat learning to pathological anxiety, findings from studies in patients inconsistentl

167 Improvement in mood and anxiety following deep brain stimulation was associated

168 estigated the implication of beta4*nAChRs in anxiety-, food reward- and nicotine reward-related behav

169 attery cycle life, which can alleviate range anxiety for electric-vehicle users(8,9).

170 Further compounding anxiety for laboratories are major issues with the suppl

171 on Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA).

172 A history of depression or anxiety (HR = 6.87, 95%CI 3.97-11.90); mania, bipolar di

173 food restriction activates SIRT1, promoting anxiety, hyperactivity, and addiction to starvation, exa

174 quality of life, symptoms of depression and anxiety, illness understanding, and end-of-life care.

175 articularly when investigating the impact of anxiety in a diversity of cognitive functions and popula

176 ilability of paradigms effective in inducing anxiety in a simple, consistent and sustained manner.

177 developed a recommendation on screening for anxiety in adolescent and adult women to improve detecti

178 e study of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety in cognitively normal older individuals.

179 ct, crossover experiment, the study measured anxiety in healthy subjects before and after a session o

180 for screening and monitoring vision-related anxiety in patients with inherited retinal degenerations

181 -assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of anxiety in people with an LTI.

182 n respondents from Ireland, highest rates of anxiety in respondents from Germany, and social exclusio

183 ble to signs of ocular pain, irritation, and anxiety in response to aqueous tear deficiency.

184 t remote time points, reminiscent of chronic anxiety in treatment-resistant PTSD.

185 ood allergies makes managing them costly and anxiety-inducing.

186 responses, and subjective measures of state anxiety/instability were recorded per trial.

187 rted moderate to severe anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State >= 40).

188 ential Organ Failure Assessment, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State greater than or equal to 40 was

189 imaging scanner, and assessed anxiety [Beck Anxiety Inventory], depressive symptoms [Beck Depression

190 than impaired threat learning, pathological anxiety involves heightened skin conductance response to

191 ctivity manifests with pediatric symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and attention-deficit/hyperactivi

192 High trait anxiety is associated with altered activity across emoti

193 all effectiveness and harms of screening for anxiety is insufficient.

194 ainstem nuclei involved in the regulation of anxiety is the dorsal raphe, which contains different su

195 ructural changes exhibited correlations with anxiety level and disease duration.

196 with younger age group (<=25 years), higher anxiety level, and poor sleep hygiene.

197 We assessed how individual differences in anxiety-like (measured via the elevated plus maze and op

198 plash test, we show that E2 add-back induces anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in Het-Met mic

199 ioral specificity of the vHIP-NAc pathway to anxiety-like and social interaction behavior.

200 implicate vHIP-NAc in social interaction and anxiety-like behavior and identify markers of vulnerabil

201 xtual fear, as well as persistently elevated anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory at rem

202 hypersensitivity in the caudal abdomen, mild anxiety-like behavior and substantial memory deficits as

203 ns in voluntary alcohol intake and decreased anxiety-like behavior associated with alcohol dependence

204 However, anxiety-like behavior during social interaction was not

205 igra pars reticulata (SNR), accompanied with anxiety-like behavior in aged PD-related alpha-syn A53T

206 did not show a significant relationship with anxiety-like behavior in any of the targeted brain regio

207 38) also reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in ethanol-dependent rats, but did

208 Ac afferents during tests of depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in male and female mice, both befo

209 of IL-17a by these cells was correlated with anxiety-like behavior in mice and was partially dependen

210 f rats as susceptible and resilient based on anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and cont

211 ard sensitivity, perseverative behavior, and anxiety-like behavior using saccharin preference testing

212 n adult mature neurons resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior with concomitant hypercorticalism,

213 thways on reward sensitivity, locomotion, or anxiety-like behavior, but inhibiting DRN-projecting LHb

214 notype in offspring characterized by reduced anxiety-like behavior, fragmented social behavior, and a

215 All measures were related to anxiety-like behavior.

216 ght amygdala, was associated positively with anxiety-like behavior.

217 predictive of interindividual differences in anxiety-like behavior.

218 hanges and protected against depressive- and anxiety-like behavior.

219 the PFC and its circuitry to depression- and anxiety-like behavior.

220 inhibition rescued brain dysconnectivity and anxiety-like behavior.

221 ing effects on BLA synaptic connectivity and anxiety-like behavior.

222 dule of food reward, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like behavior], dopamine function [striatal expr

223 in the ventral hippocampus without affecting anxiety-like behaviors and basolateral amygdala firing.

224 ygdala-dmPFC synaptic strength and generates anxiety-like behaviors are not well understood.

225 interneurons in PrL alleviated ACE-enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in mice.

226 osphorylation, cAMP inhibition) and in vivo (anxiety-like behaviors, cannabimimetic effects, novel en

227 eurobiological substrate for stress-induced, anxiety-like behaviors.

228 nal care and analysed locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviour in the offspring.

229 ssing stress hyper-reactive-, depressive- or anxiety-like phenotypes may possess more translational v

230 Akt2 loss-of-function increased anxiety-like phenotypes, impaired fear conditioned learn

231 valuated THC effects on behavioral assays of anxiety, locomotion, and place conditioning, as well as

232 ncer but also to alleviate pain, nausea, and anxiety, many of which target GPCRs.

233 Induced anxiety might nevertheless be a better model for some an

234 Controlling for anxiety or insomnia produced similar results.

235 lity may be critical for the pathogenesis of anxiety or reckless and impulsive behavior.

236 AMD was associated with less anxiety (OR 0.67; CI 95% 0.47-0.93; p = 0.02).

237 t, with no change in sociability, olfaction, anxiety, or several hippocampal-dependent behaviors.

238 health, particularly symptoms of depression, anxiety, or states of distress.

239 y nor CRHR1 blockade in the adult influenced anxiety- or depression-related behaviors.

240 Significantly increased anxiety (p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.001), and redu

241 time sleepiness and 82.3% of the variance in anxiety [p < 0.001].

242 mpounds for the treatment of drug addiction, anxiety, pain or obesity.

243 al care, which were directly associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomato

244 and completing a survey assessing optimism, anxiety, personality traits, and sociodemographics using

245 n of two key features of the high trait-like anxiety phenotype: high responsivity to anxiety-provokin

246 ce estimates were calculated for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suic

247 ur hypotheses, results showed an increase in anxiety-potentiated startle following active but not sha

248 vide more robust classification of pediatric anxiety problems.

249 like anxiety phenotype: high responsivity to anxiety-provoking uncertain threat and responsivity to c

250 ar year of surgery, history of depression or anxiety, psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, or bipolar dis

251 This vision-related anxiety questionnaire has high marginal reliability (0.8

252 and "anxiety." The subset of vision-related anxiety questions was analyzed by a graded response mode

253 Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and mean reaction time/accu

254 ary effectiveness measures included Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,

255 ity, 64%), and adolescents (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders: sensitivity, 64% to

256 cilitates gregarious song and reduces stress/anxiety-related behavior in male and female European sta

257 administration of BHB attenuated SPS-induced anxiety-related behaviors evaluated by the elevated plus

258 Anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze and

259 ons and anaesthesia negated the reduction in anxiety-related behaviour in tunnel compared with tail h

260 Regarding the F1 offspring, screening for anxiety-related behaviours using the elevated-plus maze,

261 ationship between abnormalities in sleep and anxiety-related brain pathways is presented.

262 learning are thought to lie at the center of anxiety-related disorders.

263 eatures of sleep disturbance in specific DSM anxiety-related disorders.

264 of cholinergic modulators on the function of anxiety-related networks in humans have not been investi

265 a role for this system in the regulation of anxiety-related outcomes and stress adaptation.

266 al but not immediately present threats; this anxiety-related potentiation of anticipatory responding

267 nsively investigated, its role in regulating anxiety remains elusive.

268 On average, patients with anxiety reported an additional 2.64 (95% CI 1.84 to 3.44

269 Secondary endpoints included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

270 QI), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD

271 isk genotype, circulating PACAP, and somatic anxiety severity were stronger among females than males.

272 Whether or not adaptive and pathological anxiety share mechanisms remains unknown, but if they do

273 Anxiety showed significant positive genetic correlations

274 cannabinoids and reverses the stress-induced anxiety state in a cannabinoid receptor-dependent manner

275 patients (51.9%) reported moderate to severe anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State >= 40).

276 tion and reward-based learning, we show that anxiety states in humans impair learning by attenuating

277 cal co-morbidities, a history of depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and chronic pain (all P

278 Incident mental disorders (mood, anxiety, substance use, personality, posttraumatic stres

279 f activation across induced and pathological anxiety, supporting the proposition that some neurobiolo

280 8 113) and an additional analysis of Current Anxiety Symptoms (n(case) = 19 012, n(control) = 58 113)

281 c computational model, while trait cognitive anxiety symptoms are associated with enhanced learning f

282 Elevated anxiety symptoms in combination with high-risk biologica

283 with a greater reduction in clinician-rated anxiety symptoms pre-to-post CBT and SSRI treatment.

284 Clinician-rated interviews of anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline and posttreat

285 Mood and anxiety symptoms were evaluated.

286 Affective and anxiety symptoms were reported at each visit, and trajec

287 e severe, persistent course of affective and anxiety symptoms.

288 Current diagnostic criteria for mood and anxiety tend to lump different forms of sleep disturbanc

289 etic variants associated with high levels of anxiety/tension, and high levels of worry/vulnerability

290 re mediated by spinal afferents and fear and anxiety (the affective aspects of visceral pain) are the

291 which pertained to concepts of "worry" and "anxiety." The subset of vision-related anxiety questions

292 very, impaired spatial memory, and increased anxiety through 8 wk poststroke compared to wild type (W

293 rmediate translational model of pathological anxiety to improve drug development pipelines.

294 This is the largest GWAS of anxiety traits to date.

295 may underlie individual differences in trait anxiety using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus, m

296 Higher clinician-rated anxiety was associated with greater capture of attention

297 positive affect remained elevated, and trait anxiety was reduced.

298 Depression and anxiety were assessed with the Patient Health Questionna

299 ate (reflecting hyperkinesia) and open field anxiety were evident at 6 months.

300 atients who screened positive for depression/anxiety (without PTSD) were more likely to have chronic