ライフサイエンスコーパス: ape

1 ral variants (96% novel) and identify 17,000 ape-specific structural variants (ASSVs) based on compar

2 We phased and assembled 3 ape genomes (chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan) using l

3 ed jaws and teeth, and little is known about ape cranial evolution.

4 ance appearing very similar to that of adult apes in tasks of physical (quantities, and causality) an

5 ing the presence of a behaviourally advanced ape at Songhor.

6 ominin shoulder shape starts with an African ape-like ancestral state.

7 A, with proposed models ranging from African ape to orangutan or generalized Miocene ape-like.

8 striatum and absent in the nonhuman African ape neocortex.

9 Ma) is crucial to the elucidation of African ape and human origins, but few fossil assemblages of thi

10 r bouts of positive selection in the African ape lineage, suggestive of a gene undergoing strong adap

11 In the African ape lineage, we detect signatures of positive selection

12 precursor of hominin bipedalism was African ape-like terrestrial quadrupedalism and climbing.

13 African apes harbor at least twelve Plasmodium species, some of

14 African apes harbour at least six Plasmodium species of the subg

15 common ancestor (LCA) of humans and African apes is still a divisive issue.

16 h recent and extinct AMHs as well as African apes.

17 level, as in most humans and extant African apes.

18 s, all other members of which infect African apes.

19 odeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes.

20 as in most humans, or 13 as in most African apes, and where the position of the thoracolumbar transi

21 rest morphological synapomorphies of African apes and hominins.

22 rticularly baboons, than to those of African apes.

23 r diets diverged from those of other African apes.

24 fections of wild-living or sanctuary African apes.

25 ction in Ar. ramidus relative to the African apes is consistent with hypotheses of increased propulsi

26 g their phyletic separation from the African apes).

27 d simultaneously with humans and the African apes.

28 5, the homologues of which are intact in all ape-infective Laverania species.

29 s (great apes and humans), or hominoids (all apes and humans), which is needed to evaluate numerous p

30 ated and fully extended forelimbs, as in all apes (hominoids), Danuvius combines the adaptations of b

31 arallel evolution of human-like traits among apes around the time of the chimpanzee-human split.

32 sociated with these rearrangements map to an ape-specific interchromosomal core duplicon that cluster

33 We inspect human and ape hand-length proportions using phylogenetically infor

34 an lineage, but direct measures of human and ape metabolism are needed to compare evolved energy stra

35 or fecal samples from monkeys (n = 2322) and apes (n = 2327).

36 tial evidence suggested that only humans and apes can successfully learn RMTS with pairs of sample an

37 a parasite lineage that infected humans and apes in Africa before the Duffy-negative mutation elimin

38 nary history of extant hominoids (humans and apes) remains poorly understood.

39 g meiotic recombination hotspots in mice and apes, but it appears to be absent from other vertebrate

40 Unlike in mice and apes, most hotspots are shared between the two species,

41 ect humans and several Old World monkeys and apes.

42 onkeys (OWMs), New World Monkeys (NWMs), and apes, focusing on putatively neutral autosomal sites and

43 derlying social bond formation in anthropoid apes.

44 re given to (a) whether nonhuman great apes (apes) also have evolved imitation (answer: no); (b) whet

45 ogical reasoning in a nonprimate species, as apes alone have spontaneously exhibited RMTS behavior af

46 hermore, studies of WMICs in species such as apes provide a crucial phylogenetic context for understa

47 tial role of these vectors as bridge between apes and humans.

48 puzzle, suggesting a divergence time between apes and Old World monkeys of 65 million years, too old

49 Recombinant EBA165 proteins only bind ape, not human, erythrocytes, and this specificity is du

50 ion differences and suggest that the broader ape expression pattern arose due to mutational changes t

51 recognised among early Miocene catarrhines (apes, Old World monkeys, and their extinct relatives).

52 s identity, and posit expression of derived, ape-like features as a criterion for distinguishing this

53 iens, although less so than highly dimorphic apes, suggesting that the Ileret footprints offer a uniq

54 y hominins differed from that of most extant apes and humans.

55 stem hominoids close to the origin of extant apes, and that hylobatid-like facial features evolved mu

56 differing from the broader torsos of extant apes.

57 and is higher than in most humans or extant apes.

58 s (monkeys, apes and humans) and two extinct apes (Oreopithecus and Australopithecus) as captured by

59 the, to our knowledge, most complete fossil ape cranium yet described, recovered from the 13 million

60 Here we describe the fossil ape Danuvius guggenmosi (from the Allgau region of Bavar

61 for phylogenetic reconstruction among fossil apes remains understudied.

62 versial phylogenetic relationships of fossil apes.

63 For genomic data from apes, SISRS identified thousands of variable sites, from

64 Human hands are distinguished from apes by possessing longer thumbs relative to fingers.

65 Old World monkeys diverged from apes perhaps 30 million years ago (Ma) according to mole

66 Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) and koala retrovirus (KoRV) mo

67 Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) and the koala retrovirus (KoRV

68 Gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) are part of a larger group

69 in-1 variants to promote the modified gibbon ape leukemia virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral v

70 glycoproteins and also with modified gibbon ape leukemia virus glycoproteins.

71 G is a close relative of KoRV and the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), with virion morphology and Mn

72 The gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) are among the most medicall

73 sis of X chromosome polymorphism in 10 great ape species, including humans.

74 equence capture and read mapping in 19 great ape males, combining the data with sequences extracted f

75 capacity for vocal fold exercise in a great ape (i) in real-time, (ii) up and down the frequency spe

76 We apply the new framework to a great ape dataset, where we found patterns of allelic selectio

77 nd interactive vocal fold control in a great ape during an imitation "do-as-I-do" game with a human d

78 e 11.62-million-year-old Danuvius is a great ape that is dentally most similar to Dryopithecus and ot

79 C haplotypes of humans and the African great ape species have one copy of the MHC-A, -B, and -C genes

80 sity of these viruses in seven African great ape taxa, we show that they exhibit very strong host spe

81 l fashion [6-8], replicated across all great ape species in captivity [9-17] and chimpanzees in the w

82 ding to the distance from genes in all great ape taxa.

83 on to more ubiquitous expression among great ape tissues when compared to Old World and New World mon

84 aration has never been reported in any great ape species, despite their complex societies and advance

85 apes but also human populations around great ape habitats, bringing health benefits to both humans an

86 HC haplotypes of orangutans, the Asian great ape species, exhibit variation in the number of gene cop

87 ment self-medication in the only Asian great ape, orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus), and for the first tim

88 cognitive functions characterized both great ape and human cortical organization.

89 Critically, great ape voiceless calls are explicitly rendered unimportant,

90 Current great ape distribution in Africa substantially overlaps with c

91 male-specific dispersal in endangered great ape species.

92 Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies and a prominent focus for conservation, y

93 a dataset including Ys from all extant great ape genera.

94 tudies now used as "textbook fact" for great ape "missing" vocal capacities.

95 ndings partially validate results from great ape novelty paradigms in captivity [7, 8].

96 e distribution of genetic diversity in great ape species is likely to have been affected by patterns

97 mine arguably the most complex call in great ape vocal communication, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes

98 nimal communication systems, including great ape vocalization, where extensive study has produced mea

99 rmation for human disease in a natural great ape setting and have potential conservation implications

100 Rs in a panel of 83 human and nonhuman great ape genomes, in a total of six different species, and st

101 es for an EBV-like virus in a nonhuman great ape.

102 lymorphisms in the base composition of great ape genomes.

103 behavior, and genetics, and aspects of great ape taxonomy remain in flux.

104 senting the earliest known instance of great ape-like wrist morphology and supporting the presence of

105 ts evolutionary relationships to other great ape species, and the divergence of these species during

106 y our ancestors, rather than any other great ape, evolved into a hyper-cooperative niche.

107 ber (n = 1,069) of previously reported great ape inversions by using single-cell DNA template strand

108 ross anthropoid primates and find that great ape and human prefrontal cortex expansion are non-allome

109 Pan Furthermore, we inferred that the great ape common ancestor already possessed multicopy sequence

110 with the cognitive performance of two great ape species.

111 We show that when great ape lineage-specific duplications emerge, they preferent

112 Great apes are able to request objects from humans by pointing

113 of malaria parasites infecting African great apes (subgenus Laverania) and their strong host specific

114 d their closest relatives, the African great apes.

115 Although great apes share with humans many social-cognitive skills, the

116 Weaning practices differ among great apes and likely diverged during the course of human evol

117 ch sounds, is not uniquely human among great apes.

118 eys (clade A) or Old World monkeys and great apes (clades B and C).

119 in both humans (N = 24 and N = 31) and great apes (N = 8).

120 nation occur recurrently in humans and great apes and they are not tagged by SNPs.

121 ranial structures in living humans and great apes are still scarce.

122 per divergence estimates of humans and great apes based on lower mutation rates of ~0.5 x 10(-9) per

123 The results indicate that humans and great apes differ from monkeys in having a preponderance of mu

124 the similarities between cetaceans and great apes in the nature of the transmission of cultural behav

125 lyzing 65 GP sequences from humans and great apes over diverse locations across epidemic waves betwee

126 in generating inversions in humans and great apes, creating architectures that nowadays predispose th

127 We show that humans and great apes, in particular the chimpanzee, exhibit an expanded

128 tressed others is common in humans and great apes, yet our ability to explore the biological mechanis

129 receptors is restricted to humans and great apes.

130 lly fatal, systemic disease in man and great apes.

131 of social tolerance [13, 14], such as great apes.

132 ngutans (genus: Pongo), the only Asian great apes and phylogenetically our most distant relatives amo

133 fferences in vocal proficiency between great apes may affect performance in experimental tests.

134 cognitive performance is paralleled by great apes in many tasks dealing with the physical world.

135 n three experiments, we tested captive great apes' flexible use of pointing gestures.

136 of morbidity and mortality in captive great apes.

137 in the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee great apes and in the macaque monkey.

138 To test this, we compared great apes and 3-year-old humans' relational reasoning on the

139 ion for torso stiffness seen in extant great apes (i.e., living members of the Hominidae), and is mor

140 nts after the split of small apes from great apes, and their combined sequence is unique.

141 he human lineage after divergence from great apes.

142 er than found in direct estimates from great apes.

143 could be used to vaccinate habituated great apes but also human populations around great ape habitat

144 ) of humans and chimpanzees, hominids (great apes and humans), or hominoids (all apes and humans), wh

145 of hylobatids (gibbons) and hominids (great apes and humans).

146 togenesis have likely had in hominids (great apes), considering a model that approximates features of

147 Six extant species of non-human great apes are currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean oran

148 loops of the basal ganglia of humans, great apes, and monkeys.

149 five basal ganglia regions in humans, great apes, and New and Old World monkeys.

150 much greater than observed in humans, great apes, and the neo-X chromosome of Drosophila miranda, wh

151 pedalism in hominins and suspension in great apes (hominids); however, fossil evidence has been lacki

152 This implies that pointing in great apes is a context-sensitive, but maybe less versatile, c

153 ined full-body rhythmic entrainment in great apes that could help reconstruct possible proto-stages o

154 obe (often including Heschl's gyrus in great apes) and the posterior dorsal insula, such that a porti

155 and observed undescribed variation in great apes.

156 ctive potential for self-medication in great apes.

157 ts, camelids, and otters, but never in great apes.

158 explain the distribution of alleles in great apes.

159 res well with what is known for living great apes.

160 wers are given to (a) whether nonhuman great apes (apes) also have evolved imitation (answer: no); (b

161 explain recent evidence that nonhuman great apes also rely on gaze as a social cue.

162 Nonhuman great apes can learn new consonant- and vowel-like calls, but

163 d choice matching task, humans but not great apes, showed crossmodal sound symbolic congruency effect

164 ent is estimated to lie at the root of great apes ( approximately 19-15 mya), indicating that selecti

165 des a model for the common ancestor of great apes and humans.

166 Comparison to the microbiomes of great apes provides a dimension that is indispensable to under

167 infants) to show that three species of great apes reliably look in anticipation of an agent acting on

168 The Y chromosomes of great apes represent a particular puzzle: their gene content i

169 is generally considered a motivator of great apes' (including humans) violent intergroup conflict, bu

170 in high concentrations in the serum of great apes, and even higher in some diseases, before the appea

171 as well as cultural diversification of great apes.

172 forms part of the Miocene radiation of great apes.

173 , most notably in extensive studies on great apes [5].

174 ompare simulated sex ratios to data on great apes and human hunter-gatherers, and note associations b

175 A new approach focused on great apes' intense 'peering' during social learning suggests

176 n neocortex differs from that of other great apes in several notable regards, including altered cell

177 genomic diversity in humans and other great apes is notoriously difficult.

178 humans, but not in chimpanzees, other great apes, or australopithecines.

179 nce from the dietary patterns of other great apes.

180 Our results suggest that great apes also operate, at least on an implicit level, with a

181 of the three experiments indicate that great apes can successfully adjust their pointing to the spati

182 Evidence suggests that great apes engage in metacognitive information seeking for foo

183 In particular, we show that great apes have patterns of allelic selection that vary in int

184 Today, we know that great apes show diverse patterns of scleral coloration.

185 evidence for self-medication among the great apes has been limited to Africa.

186 ultures and cultural capacities of the great apes have played a leading role in the recognition emerg

187 erviews among people living near these great apes to understand better their feeding habits and habit

188 that the relational gap is not due to great apes' preference for concrete objects.

189 ariation in large samples of unrelated great apes.

190 test variation in the reaction of wild great apes (43 groups of naive chimpanzees, bonobos, and weste

191 Habituation of wild great apes for tourism and research has had a significant posi

192 n of human respiratory viruses to wild great apes, causing high morbidity and, occasionally, mortalit

193 ealth benefits to both humans and wild great apes.

194 best explain novelty responses of wild great apes.

195 sity-a feature that we correlated with great apes' distinct demographies.

196 An African great-ape-like ancestor using knuckle-walking is still the mos

197 subset that may contribute to ape- or great-ape-specific phenotypic traits, including taillessness,

198 ut microbiomes have been shaped by our great-ape heritage but also the features that make humans uniq

199 ry (PAB) is well documented in haplorrhines (apes and monkeys) but not in strepsirrhines (lemurs and

200 ates with precise hand grips, such as higher apes, few have considered primates that lack opposition

201 two groups of extant catarrhines-hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World monkeys-and are thus view

202 tes into split times among extant hominoids (apes), given sex-specific life histories.

203 netic relationships among extinct hominoids (apes and humans) are controversial due to pervasive homo

204 thecoids (Old World monkeys) from hominoids (apes and humans)-is a poorly understood phase in our sha

205 features evolved independently in hominoids (apes) and cercopithecoids and much earlier in the former

206 Tested in two conditions, zoo-housed apes (2 gorillas, 5 chimpanzees) were familiarized to vi

207 age, but appears to be lacking in non-human apes.

208 HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV Nefs counteract human, ape, monkey, and murine SERINC5 orthologs with similar p

209 codes one of the most rapidly evolving human-ape gene families, nuclear pore interacting protein (NPI

210 Catarrhine (humans, apes, and Old World monkeys) and platyrrhine (New World

211 pportunities for social learning in immature apes.

212 e role played by small-bodied catarrhines in ape evolution and provides key insight into the last com

213 n a lack of evidence for semantic content in ape gestures.

214 unication, cognition and social behaviour in apes at the University of St Andrews and through field s

215 of social context on attention and memory in apes.

216 a infecting mammalian hosts, particularly in apes, ungulates, and bats.

217 subtype B strain similar to that present in apes from the same area.

218 olution and instability of STRs and VNTRs in apes.

219 an increase in relative cerebellar volume in apes.

220 this fusion in 56 primate species (including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and strepsir

221 Pinnipeds are notable for their large, ape-sized brains, yet little is known about their centra

222 tial cells (WMICs), in the brain of a lesser ape, the lar gibbon.

223 fossil), Homo neanderthalensis(4) and living apes(5).

224 mans are distinguished from the other living apes in having larger brains and an unusual life history

225 These changes will hopefully make ape a useful software for the study of biodiversity and

226 ages: occurring at least once in marsupials, apes, and cattle, and at least twice in rodents and marm

227 ican ape to orangutan or generalized Miocene ape-like.

228 in Pakistan, assigned to the Middle Miocene ape species Sivapithecus indicus.

229 sample of fossil primates including Miocene apes from Africa, Europe, and Asia to test alternative h

230 Dryopithecus and other European late Miocene apes.

231 Using monkey, ape and human auditory functional fields and diffusion-w

232 r morphology of extant anthropoids (monkeys, apes and humans) and two extinct apes (Oreopithecus and

233 ed with those observed in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.

234 y shape that was distinct from both the more ape-like Australopithecus species and H. sapiens.

235 man primate species, but never in a nonhuman ape.

236 that are shared between humans and nonhuman apes, whereas there is little evidence that other apes e

237 s rare among primates and absent in nonhuman apes and because emergent provisioning would have been s

238 Tool use in nonhuman apes can help identify the conditions that drove the ext

239 In addition, comparative studies of nonhuman apes also highlight important differences between these

240 mans show greater object focus than nonhuman apes.

241 exhibits a pattern more similar to nonhuman apes, potentially suggesting regular bouts of both climb

242 Comparisons with nonhuman apes point to our early-emerging cooperative-communicati

243 Here, we generated a 3D morphospace of ape and human scapular shape to plot evolutionary trajec

244 We apply our algorithm to two clades of apes and flies to characterize possible sources of infea

245 at promise as a tool for the conservation of apes and other endangered tropical wildlife.

246 been characterized in only a small number of apes and no publication to date has examined the degree

247 t monkeys than to the orthograde patterns of apes.

248 The cultural repertoires of apes have been charted by identifying cultural differenc

249 ext so that the default pointing response of apes would have indicated an undesired object, either du

250 are already present in the 17- to 18-Myr-old ape Proconsul these features evolved independently in ho

251 recursors to speech rarely reported in other ape infants.

252 Further, similar to recent results in other ape species, but in contrast to many human self-reported

253 n and evolution of dance in humans and other apes.

254 etween humans and other primates--even other apes.

255 If other apes share this focus on concrete objects, it could unde

256 whereas there is little evidence that other apes exhibit comparable capacities for distributing bene

257 himpanzees, with limited comparison to other apes.

258 Compared with other apes, humans are unique in rapidly producing energetical

259 s of these resurrected enzymes show that our ape ancestors gained a digestive dehydrogenase enzyme ca

260 an fifteen years of existence, the R package ape has continuously grown its contents, and has been us

261 MCMCtreeR depends on the R packages ape, sn and stats4.

262 of non-human primate species, in particular apes.

263 fe, including fossils like the plesiomorphic ape Proconsul heseloni and the hominins Ardipithecus ram

264 ncy and the SIV prevalence in the respective ape and monkey species.

265 earliest hominins were bipedal but retained ape-like features in the hind limb that would have limit

266 alian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive h

267 However, this simple ape-human dichotomy fails to provide an adequate framewo

268 fferent time points after the split of small apes from great apes, and their combined sequence is uni

269 smission can kickstart subsequent and stable ape cultural evolutionary psychology ("CEP"; answer: unl

270 thus viewed as more primitive than the stem ape Proconsul.

271 nes the adaptations of bipeds and suspensory apes, and provides a model for the common ancestor of gr

272 Sequence analyses reveal that ape parasites lack host specificity and are much more di

273 Results show that apes engaged in more information seeking when they had n

274 cal communicative split of hominins from the ape background may thus have been copious, functionally

275 and synteny in Plasmodium gaboni, one of the ape Laverania species most distantly related to P. falci

276 ns of SIVcpz and SIVgor, which represent the ape precursors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (H

277 which form a monophyletic lineage within the ape parasite radiation.

278 The apes successfully adapted their decisions to the social

279 ly believes an object to be, even though the apes themselves know that the object is no longer there.

280 re notable for many reasons, including their ape-sized brains, their adaptation to a coastal niche th

281 specificity, and zoonotic potential of their ape counterparts.

282 Compared to their ape relatives, both human parasites have greatly reduced

283 ultural phenomena pervade the lives of these apes, with potentially major implications for their broa

284 r reconstructing positional behavior of this ape.

285 ural variants (ASSVs) based on comparison to ape genomes.

286 characterize a subset that may contribute to ape- or great-ape-specific phenotypic traits, including

287 humans can transmit imitation as a gadget to apes (answer: yes, partly); (c) whether human-to-ape tra

288 Relative to apes, capuchins devote more of their innovations reperto

289 collaborative abilities are not specific to apes and may be more closely linked to ecological need [

290 om the hominoid-NWM ancestor to NWMs than to apes.

291 (answer: yes, partly); (c) whether human-to-ape transmission can kickstart subsequent and stable ape

292 ontaneous whole-body entrainment between two ape peers, thus providing tentative empirical evidence f

293 a domain-general cognitive process underlies ape metacognition one needs to show that selective infor

294 in ChIP-seq predicted enhancer regions where apes and macaque show diverged enhancer activity and gen

295 tential as weapons in the fight against wild ape extinction.

296 Relative to the microbiomes of wild apes, human microbiomes have lost ancestral microbial di

297 d to test a vaccine intended for use on wild apes rather than humans.

298 y in two forest regions of Gabon, where wild apes live, at different heights under the canopy.

299 pecies of Anopheles were found infected with ape Plasmodium: Anopheles vinckei, Anopheles moucheti, a

300 Within apes, rates are approximately 2% higher in chimpanzees a