ライフサイエンスコーパス: apicoplast

1 um, contains an essential plastid called the apicoplast.

2 an elongation factor for translation in the apicoplast.

3 parasites contain a relict chloroplast, the apicoplast.

4 d to the plastid-like organelle known as the apicoplast.

5 such as the chloroplast-like organelle, the apicoplast.

6 d to the plastid-like organelle known as the apicoplast.

7 acid synthesis pathway, which resides in the apicoplast.

8 sm and one localized to the membranes of the apicoplast.

9 as a non-photosynthetic plastid known as the apicoplast.

10 ight target additional processes outside the apicoplast.

11 xa harbour a chloroplast-like organelle, the apicoplast.

12 n algal-originated plastid referred to as an apicoplast.

13 al endomembrane targeting from the PV to the apicoplast.

14 ) predicted to target to the unique parasite apicoplast.

15 sion and no defect in the replication of the apicoplast.

16 cronemes, rhoptries, dense granules, and the apicoplast.

17 proposed to target protein synthesis in the apicoplast.

18 tions between the nucleus, mitochondria, and apicoplast.

19 eS biosynthesis and tRNA modification in the apicoplast.

20 Pase transporter localised to the Toxoplasma apicoplast.

21 n annotated polyprenyl synthase (PPS) to the apicoplast.

22 te's algal endosymbiont-derived plastid, the apicoplast.

23 of the chloroplast-like organelle called the apicoplast.

24 n the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway of the apicoplast.

25 ains a non-photosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast.

26 l interactions with multiple proteins in the apicoplast.

27 anisms possess a relict plastid known as the apicoplast.

28 synthetic plastid of algal origin termed the apicoplast.

29 e parasites harbor a peculiar organelle, the apicoplast.

30 to involve off-target mechanisms outside the apicoplast.

31 in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion and apicoplast.

32 alidated protein import factor identified in apicoplasts.

33 ceramides, and cholesterol) were detected in apicoplasts.

34 as supported by filipin staining of isolated apicoplasts.

35 inositides in targeting membrane vesicles to apicoplasts.

36 riori, two prokaryotic-like organelles, the 'apicoplast' (a non-photosynthetic plastid) and the mitoc

37 in the cytoplasm and a second protein in the apicoplast, a chloroplast remnant organelle involved in

38 for multiple antimalarial antibiotics is the apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle of uncertain fu

39 The discovery of the apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle, presents drug

40 The apicoplast, a non-photosynthetic plastid of apicomplexan

41 s localize to the mitochondrion, cytosol, or apicoplast, a nonphotosynthetic plastid present in most

42 ompartments: the mitochondrion, cytosol, and apicoplast, a plastid acquired by secondary endosymbiosi

43 unusual in that each cell contains a single apicoplast, a plastid-like organelle that compartmentali

44 tra-erythrocytic compartments, including the apicoplast, a plastid-like organelle.

45 The apicoplast, a relict plastid found in most species of th

46 enase (PDH) complex that is localized to the apicoplast, a specialized quadruple membrane organelle,

47 length and C-terminal fragments of T. gondii apicoplast ACC as well as C-terminal fragments of the cy

48 itution, Leu to Ile, makes Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast ACCase resistant to haloxyfop and clodinafop.

49 The apicoplast also provides a unique system to study the ce

50 The apicoplast (an intracellular organelle) contains an appr

51 Unexpectedly, FLN was found in the apicoplast, an essential chloroplast-like organelle.

52 The apicoplast, an essential plastid-like organelle of apico

53 and survival and partially localizes to the apicoplast, an indispensable organelle in apicomplexans.

54 nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isop

55 e that permits conditional disruption of the apicoplast and a new fluorescent reporter for organelle

56 revealed that MED6-189 targets the parasite apicoplast and acts by inhibiting lipid biogenesis and c

57 results confirm the essential nature of the apicoplast and explain the inhibition of parasite growth

58 modium and Toxoplasma, the parasite lacks an apicoplast and its genome, and possesses a degenerate mi

59 encodes an SSB protein that localizes to the apicoplast and likely functions in the replication and m

60 n-like GTPase PfDyn2, a key mediator of both apicoplast and mitochondrial fission, establishing PfAnc

61 romosomes and 12 plasmids from bacteria, the apicoplast and mitochondrion of Plasmodium falciparum an

62 lization of the two LipDHs to the parasite's apicoplast and mitochondrion, respectively, was shown by

63 Analysis of more than 1,100 mitochondrial, apicoplast and nuclear gene sequences from chimpanzees a

64 However, import into the apicoplast and processing to GFP does not occur until 18

65 ng mitosis, producing parasites that lack an apicoplast and siblings containing a gigantic, nonsegreg

66 membrane contact site formation between the apicoplast and the ER.

67 The apicoplast and the mitochondrion of Apicomplexa cooperat

68 presence of lipoylated proteins in both, the apicoplast and the mitochondrion of T. gondii.

69 osynthesis genes in their relic chloroplast (apicoplast) and are geographically widespread and abunda

70 ved to be the most conserved function of the apicoplast, and fosmidomycin, a specific inhibitor of th

71 ies confirmed kitasamycin action against the apicoplast, and in vivo activity was observed in a murin

72 bilinogen synthase (PBGS) resides within the apicoplast, and phylogenetic analysis indicates a plant

73 enome is predicted to harbour genes for both apicoplast- and cytosol/endoplasmic reticulum-targeted p

74 The only DNA polymerase found in the apicoplast (apPOL) was putatively acquired through horiz

75 ancestral eukaryotic algal precursor of the apicoplast are also detectable in its genome.

76 ibody demonstrates that the ends of dividing apicoplast are closely linked to the centrosomes.

77 s likely that fatty acids synthesized in the apicoplast are ultimately incorporated into membrane pho

78 Apicoplasts are essential for parasite growth and must c

79 -cell organelles, like the mitochondrion and apicoplast, are essential, yet remain poorly understood.

80 All resulting rpo protein trees placed apicoplast as a sister to Euglena within the green linea

81 PfClpR was localized in the P. falciparum apicoplast as is the case of PfClpP.

82 ng FASII and other pathways localized in the apicoplast as potential drug targets to prevent malaria

83 These data imply that AZ acts on the apicoplast bacterial-like translation machinery and iden

84 cipate in transit peptide degradation in the apicoplast based on its preference for basic residues at

85 er protein knockout also leads to defects in apicoplast biogenesis and a consequent loss of the organ

86 s have greatly expanded our understanding of apicoplast biogenesis and metabolism while also raising

87 iron-dependent functions, including impaired apicoplast biogenesis and mitochondrial polarization.

88 nhibition of nuclear DNA replication blocked apicoplast biogenesis at early stages, demonstrating dep

89 Exogenous iron rescues parasites and apicoplast biogenesis from first- but not second-cycle e

90 FtsH1 is the first novel factor required for apicoplast biogenesis identified in a phenotypic screen.

91 esis screen for essential genes required for apicoplast biogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum.

92 We report that 10 uM DOX blocks apicoplast biogenesis in the first cycle and is rescued

93 conjugate that targets the PfDXR involved in apicoplast biogenesis inhibits parasite growth and that

94 and inheritance by daughter merozoites, and apicoplast biogenesis is rescued by exogenous IPP and po

95 TIM-barrel enzyme and other newly identified apicoplast biogenesis proteins open opportunities to dis

96 alciparum involved in chloroquine transport, apicoplast biogenesis, and phospholipid biosynthesis.

97 -chain (<=C(20)) prenyl alcohols, and blocks apicoplast biogenesis, thus explaining apicoplast depend

98 ust enzymatic activity that is essential for apicoplast biogenesis.

99 TgDrpA is essential for parasite growth and apicoplast biogenesis.

100 cular trafficking likely plays a role in the apicoplast biogenesis.

101 aving a novel mechanism-of-action inhibiting apicoplast biogenesis.

102 uence are required to target proteins to the apicoplast but the pathway by which proteins are transpo

103 Deletion of the TgTPC gene caused reduced apicoplast Ca(2+) uptake and membrane contact site forma

104 t that in tissue culture, translation in the apicoplast can be diminished, but during an animal infec

105 Like the mitochondrion, the apicoplast cannot be generated de novo and must be inher

106 ss line to determine which genes involved in apicoplast carbon metabolism are required for blood-stag

107 to develop a detailed mechanistic picture of apicoplast cell biology.

108 influencing the proteolytic function of the apicoplast Clp system and demonstrates its central role

109 mplexan parasites have a chloroplast-derived apicoplast containing several metabolic pathways.

110 In addition, the apicoplast contains a biotinylated protein, consistent w

111 organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts), the apicoplast contains proteins that are encoded in the nuc

112 locks apicoplast biogenesis, thus explaining apicoplast dependence on isoprenoid synthesis.

113 Derived from secondary endosymbiosis, the apicoplast depends on novel, but largely cryptic, mechan

114 We engineered a conditional null mutant in apicoplast Der1, the putative pore of the apicoplast ERA

115 The malarial "apicoplast" derived from an algal plastid, has stimulate

116 vealed four distinct morphological stages in apicoplast development that correlate with nuclear repli

117 dings establish a central pathway connecting apicoplast development to the cell cycle and an independ

118 ailed mechanistic model of mitochondrial and apicoplast division and segregation during P. falciparum

119 Apicoplast division depends on association with the mito

120 ls appear to generate the force required for apicoplast division in Toxoplasma gondii.

121 Apicoplast division is tightly associated with nuclear a

122 thermore, these data allowed us to elucidate apicoplast division steps, highlighted its close associa

123 The apicoplast DNA polymerase (apPol) from Plasmodium falcip

124 s base-mispairing and preferentially inhibit apicoplast DNA replication.

125 complete nucleotide sequence of a Plasmodium apicoplast DNA.

126 Inhibiting IPP synthesis blocks apicoplast elongation and inheritance by daughter merozo

127 a G76V mutation in a conserved region of the apicoplast-encoded P. falciparum ribosomal protein L4 (P

128 sulted in a specific deficiency in levels of apicoplast-encoded RNA but not DNA.

129 in apicoplast Der1, the putative pore of the apicoplast ERAD complex, and found that loss of Der1(Ap)

130 The apicoplast exists in most members of the phylum Apicompl

131 our study demonstrates a direct link between apicoplast FAS II functions and parasite survival and pa

132 Most importantly, in vivo knockdown of apicoplast FAS II in a mouse model results in cure from

133 However, the specific biological roles of apicoplast FAS II remain elusive.

134 ify a potentially important drug target: the apicoplast fatty acid exporter, specific to Apicomplexa

135 s define PfAnchor as an essential factor for apicoplast fission and inheritance in P. falciparum bloo

136 Conditional depletion disrupts apicoplast fission, leading to incomplete cytokinesis an

137 ide evidence for a direct role for TgDrpA in apicoplast fission.

138 hich we name PfAnchor, as a key regulator of apicoplast fission.

139 ects, underscoring Anchor's specific role in apicoplast fission.

140 es rely on a non-photosynthetic plastid, the apicoplast, for survival, making it an attractive target

141 ficient method for preparing highly purified apicoplasts from red blood cell parasite stages and the

142 Our results directly link apicoplast function with parasite survival, validating t

143 (Plasmodium falciparum) by interfering with apicoplast function.

144 We demonstrate that the apicoplast GatAB-catalyzed reaction is essential to the

145 mbrane homeostasis, and suggests a defect in apicoplast-generated fatty acids.

146 enome represents the first example where all apicoplast genes are encoded on one DNA strand.

147 PfHO, which selectively associates with the apicoplast genome and enzymes involved in nucleic acid m

148 The apicoplast genome did not contain chlorophyll biosynthes

149 nome sequence, we attempted to reexamine the apicoplast genome evolution and performed phylogenetic r

150 re, we report the third complete sequence of apicoplast genome from the intestinal coccidian Eimeria

151 Here, the apicoplast genome of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmod

152 Conversely, inhibiting apicoplast genome replication minimally affected organel

153 sed of highly diverse protists, the complete apicoplast genome sequences have only been determined fr

154 solates we discovered point mutations in the apicoplast genome that are close to known mutations that

155 4 chromosomes, the mitochondrial genome, the apicoplast genome, and 29 unplaced contigs.

156 hat replication of the apicomplexan plastid (apicoplast) genome in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites can

157 Here we analyse the mitochondrion and apicoplast genomes of 711 Plasmodium falciparum isolates

158 te along with the complete mitochondrion and apicoplast genomes.

159 ion of the first enzyme in this pathway, the apicoplast glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS).

160 Together, our results indicate that the apicoplast has a key role in heme biology in T. gondii a

161 synthetic plastid called the apicoplast. The apicoplast has its own genome, replicated by a dedicated

162 ynthesis as well as tRNA modification in the apicoplast, highlighting similarities and differences be

163 t cross the four membranes that surround the apicoplast; however, experimental data discriminating th

164 P. falciparum GatA and GatB subunits to the apicoplast in blood stage parasites and demonstrated tha

165 lized the Plasmodium berghei ortholog to the apicoplast in blood stage parasites but could not delete

166 results show that specifically targeting the apicoplast in both in vitro or in vivo-differentiated br

167 hydrogenase complex which occurs only in the apicoplast in P. falciparum.

168 synthesis is the only essential role of the apicoplast in Plasmodium erythrocytic stages.

169 To characterize the involvement of the apicoplast in the T. gondii heme biosynthesis pathway, w

170 otes (e.g., Arabidopsis, Chlamydomonas), and apicoplasts in the nonphotosynthetic apicomplexan pathog

171 If the apicoplast indeed originated from a red ancestor, the gr

172 The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast indirect aminoacylation pathway utilizes a no

173 e in defining the metabolic functions of the apicoplast, information on the composition and biogenesi

174 ted nucleator of F-actin, is responsible for apicoplast inheritance in both Plasmodium and Toxoplasma

175 ical juxtanuclear region and participates in apicoplast inheritance.

176 tetracycline and rifampicin, that target the apicoplast inhibited LS development, identifying FASII a

177 ing of TgTPC resulted in progressive loss of apicoplast integrity, severely affecting growth and the

178 Here we explore how the apicoplast interacts with its 'host' to secure building

179 a platform to dissect the integration of the apicoplast into parasite metabolism, especially its post

180 The apicoplast is a distinctive organelle associated with ap

181 The apicoplast is a four-membrane plastid found in the apico

182 The apicoplast is a relict plastid essential for viability o

183 Evidence of an apicoplast is absent, but genes associated with apical c

184 The apicoplast is home to a 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (

185 The apicoplast is indispensable and an attractive drug targe

186 on across the four membranes surrounding the apicoplast is mediated by an N-terminal bipartite target

187 The data suggest that: (i) import into the apicoplast is stage regulated and (ii) the PTS can signa

188 The apicoplast is the product of an ancient endosymbiosis be

189 within the chromosomally encoded organellar (apicoplast) isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.

190 nd immunoprecipitation studies indicate that apicoplast Kae1 and its partners interact specifically w

191 32 and Cgi121 as in other organisms, whereas apicoplast Kae1 makes novel interactions with multiple p

192 Apicoplasts lack the conserved machinery that divides ch

193 nt chloroplast lipid synthesis pathways, the apicoplast lacks canonical plant/chloroplast lipid trans

194 he AZ-resistant 7G8 line, the bacterial-like apicoplast large subunit ribosomal RNA harbored a U438C

195 G-->U point mutation at position 1857 of the apicoplast large-subunit rRNA, whereas no mutation was i

196 etoacid dehydrogenase complexes and that the apicoplast LipDH is an integral part of the pyruvate deh

197 lasm, and stable isotope labeling shows some apicoplast lipids are generated de novo by the organelle

198 iquid chromatography MS analyses of isolated apicoplast lipids indicated significant differences comp

199 ging drives mitochondrial lipoylation, while apicoplast lipoylation relies on biosynthesis.

200 Here, we study an apicoplast-localized caseinolytic-protease (Clp) system

201 sis pathway, we investigated the role of the apicoplast-localized enzyme uroporphyrinogen III decarbo

202 oplasma gondii, fatty acid synthesis via the apicoplast-localized FASII is essential for pathogenesis

203 The apicoplast-localized fatty acid synthesis (FAS II) pathw

204 e, we demonstrate that T. gondii Tic22 is an apicoplast-localized protein, essential for parasite sur

205 ed with antibodies against the E2 subunit of apicoplast-localized pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH).

206 Genetic disruption of the apicoplast-localized type II fatty-acid synthase resulte

207 An apicoplast-located fatty acid synthesis is dispensable i

208 role for TPCs in replication independent of apicoplast loss that required conserved residues within

209 similar to those that target proteins to the apicoplast lumen.

210 Whereas the apicoplast maintains a small genome, the bulk of its pro

211 ies reveal an essential function for PfHO in apicoplast maintenance and suggest that Plasmodium repur

212 Little is known about apicoplast membrane proteins, much less their sorting me

213 , when tagged with HA, localized to multiple apicoplast membranes in T. gondii.

214 The presence of cholesterol in apicoplast membranes was supported by filipin staining o

215 enerated a series of genetic deletions in an apicoplast metabolic bypass line to determine which gene

216 Apicoplast metabolic functions have historically been co

217 The execution of apicoplast metabolic functions requires extensive intera

218 e ancestral host that gave rise to the (red) apicoplast might have already contained some primary gre

219 -like post-translational modification in the apicoplast; mimicking its activity against bacteria.

220 isruption of TgFLP12 causes major defects on apicoplast morphology.

221 ring an animal infection, translation in the apicoplast must be fully functional.

222 Apicoplast(-) mutants were isolated using a chemical res

223 -localize with the FAS II enzyme FabI in the apicoplast of liver stages but are not significantly exp

224 olocalize with the FAS II enzyme FabI in the apicoplast of liver stages but are not significantly exp

225 pR do not form a stable heterocomplex in the apicoplast of P. falciparum.

226 Strikingly the ACP is that of the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum (the protozoan that

227 The apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is believe

228 n to target green fluorescent protein to the apicoplast of T. gondii.

229 In cyanobacteria, plant plastids, and the apicoplast of the genus Plasmodium, a noncatalytic paral

230 oplast and in the inner two membranes of the apicoplasts of the apicomplexan parasites, Toxoplasma go

231 the mitochondrion, we show that the plastid (apicoplast) of the obligate intracellular protozoan para

232 ccompanied by ultrastructural changes in the apicoplast or overall cell morphology.

233 ne desulfurase SufS led to disruption of the apicoplast organelle and loss of the organellar genome,

234 , the effect that these deletions had on the apicoplast organelle differed.

235 IPP) is an essential metabolic output of the apicoplast organelle in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pa

236 loped a high-throughput screen targeting the apicoplast organelle of Plasmodium falciparum.

237 The apicoplast organelle of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium

238 arry out fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in their apicoplast organelle via a bacterially related (type II)

239 ation studies unveiled PfHO targeting to the apicoplast organelle, where it is imported and undergoes

240 locking protein translation in the essential apicoplast organelle.

241 ckout of the only known isoprenoid-dependent apicoplast pathway, tRNA prenylation by MiaA, has no eff

242 Apicoplast phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipids

243 This inheritance relies on coordinated apicoplast positioning and fission, but the molecular me

244 Gln-tRNA(Gln) biosynthesis in the Plasmodium apicoplast proceeds via an essential indirect aminoacyla

245 d by isopentenyl pyrophosphate, an essential apicoplast product, confirming an apicoplast-specific me

246 und that loss of Der1(Ap) results in loss of apicoplast protein import and subsequent death of the pa

247 Here we present genetic evidence that apicoplast protein import depends on elements derived fr

248 oss of TgTic20 leads to severe impairment of apicoplast protein import followed by organelle loss and

249 ibit translation in prokaryotes also inhibit apicoplast protein synthesis and are sometimes used for

250 Apicoplast protein synthesis is a validated drug target

251 that we hypothesized would be essential for apicoplast protein synthesis.

252 Most apicoplast proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome an

253 Nuclear encoded apicoplast proteins are targeted to the organelle by a b

254 asts, suggesting that blocking production of apicoplast proteins causes the 'delayed-death effect'.

255 ng of the transit peptide of nuclear-encoded apicoplast proteins requires plastid-associated activity

256 educed lipoylation of mitochondrial (but not apicoplast) proteins.

257 The mutation is present in all the apicoplast rDNA copies (an estimated 12 per organelle),

258 lood-stage parasites and thus cannot explain apicoplast reliance on IPP.

259 avage by FLN of the transit peptide from the apicoplast-resident acyl carrier protein supports this i

260 us polymorphisms in fd (ferredoxin), arps10 (apicoplast ribosomal protein S10), mdr2 (multidrug resis

261 line) argue that these drugs also target the apicoplast ribosome.

262 its partners interact specifically with the apicoplast ribosomes and with proteins involved in ribos

263 Notably, loss of the apicoplast's elongated branched structure via azithromyc

264 Taking advantage of the ability to isolate apicoplast segregation mutants, we also demonstrated tha

265 putative roles of the centriolar plaques in apicoplast segregation.

266 fission, establishing PfAnchor as the first apicoplast-specific dynamin adaptor protein.

267 essential apicoplast product, confirming an apicoplast-specific mechanism.

268 Together, these data indicate an expanded, apicoplast-specific role for Kae1 in the parasite.

269 arasite survival and protein import into the apicoplast stroma.

270 These progeny inherit nonfunctional apicoplasts, suggesting that blocking production of apic

271 plastids, were not detected in P. falciparum apicoplasts, suggesting that these glycolipids are a hal

272 TgDrpA) localizes to punctate regions on the apicoplast surface.

273 d that the carboxyltransferase domain of the apicoplast T. gondii ACC is the target for this class of

274 Apicoplast-targeted genes in general are upregulated in

275 However, the predicted apicoplast-targeted lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferas

276 lts suggest that P. yoelii has an incomplete apicoplast-targeted phosphatidic acid synthesis pathway

277 nthesized fatty acids are being utilized for apicoplast-targeted phosphatidic acid synthesis, the pho

278 Our research shows that apicoplast-targeted Plasmodium yoelii glycerol 3-phospha

279 One such pathway is apicoplast-targeted type II fatty acid synthesis, which

280 ed in decreased transcript levels within the apicoplast that preceded organelle disruption, suggestin

281 Apicomplexa retain a plastid organelle (the apicoplast) that was derived from an endosymbiotic relat

282 n parasites harbor a relict chloroplast, the apicoplast, that is critical for their survival.

283 ains a non-photosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast. The apicoplast has its own genome, replicate

284 Based on the 16S rRNA gene found in the apicoplast, this group corresponds to the previously des

285 Apicoplasts thus contain an atypical melange of lipids s

286 ve was thus to study the contribution of the apicoplast to the viability and persistence of bradyzoit

287 struct of pfACP containing an amino-terminal apicoplast transit peptide, was not a substrate for pfMC

288 mutants provide direct genetic evidence that apicoplast translation is the target for clindamycin in

289 d TurboID and genome engineering to identify apicoplast transporters in Toxoplasma gondii.

290 ndiscriminating because it glutamylates both apicoplast tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln), determined its kinet

291 Epitope tagged TgEFG localized to the apicoplast, via a non-canonical targeting signal, where

292 In particular, apicoplasts were highly enriched in phosphatidylinositol

293 Apicoplasts were prepared from transgenic parasites expr

294 oyl transferase is present in the parasite's apicoplast, whereas the second pathway consisting of lip

295 contain an essential plastid organelle, the apicoplast, which is a key anti-parasitic target.

296 a plastid of endosymbiotic origin called the apicoplast, which is an appealing drug target because it

297 rbor a single nonphotosynthetic plastid, the apicoplast, which is essential for parasite survival.

298 reveal a unique accumulation of C14:0 in the apicoplast, which is then lacking in most major lipid cl

299 an essential, non-photosynthetic plastid-the apicoplast-which originated from a secondary (eukaryote-

300 asma gondii contain a primitive plastid, the apicoplast, whose genome consists of a 35-kb circular DN