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1 rtebrates and closely related invertebrates (ascidians).
2 ne kinase previously identified in a related ascidian.
3 obacterial symbionts of many didemnid family ascidians.
4  CNS development and larval morphogenesis in ascidians.
5  in marine invertebrates such as mussels and ascidians.
6  genes have also been detected in plants and ascidians.
7 in a common ancestor of both vertebrates and ascidians.
8 elopment of the chordate larval phenotype in ascidians.
9 l chordate trait that is secondarily lost in ascidians.
10 mline formation is determinative in colonial ascidians.
11 ponsible for asexual development in colonial ascidians.
12 hese results support the hypothesis that, in ascidians, a soluble factor from the sperm cytoplasm ini
13                         Brooding in colonial ascidians allows increased egg size, which in turn allow
14 e annelid parapodia, onychophoran lobopodia, ascidian ampullae, and even echinoderm tube feet.
15             Current evidence from studies of ascidian and mammalian fertilization favors a fusion-med
16  4% sponges initially to 47% spirorbids, 23% ascidians and 29% sponges after 100 days in acidified co
17 anged significantly, from 92% spirorbids, 3% ascidians and 4% sponges initially to 47% spirorbids, 23
18 mordium and the anterior neural tube in both ascidians and amphibians suggests that the evolution of
19 lay key roles in early mesoderm formation in ascidians and amphioxus.
20 odes of notochord morphogenesis exhibited by ascidians and other chordate embryos, suggesting that ce
21               CAC-rich LEs are also found in ascidians and other vertebrates, indicating that these c
22  described in other deuterostomes, including ascidians and sea urchins, but no nodal orthologue has b
23 d exoskeletons and domination by soft-bodied ascidians and sponges.
24                                              Ascidians and vertebrates belong to the Phylum Chordata
25                               In echinoderm, ascidian, and vertebrate eggs, the Ca(2+) rise occurs as
26 utilisation among sympatric corals, sponges, ascidians, and anemones and highlight that organisms cap
27 eding ecology of deep-water corals, sponges, ascidians, and anemones from a ~ 450 m deep submarine ca
28 omesoderm formation in anthozoan cnidarians, ascidians, and echinoderms.
29 cross diverse species, including cnidarians, ascidians, and mammals.
30 pets and sea urchins, followed by sea stars, ascidians, and sea cucumbers.
31                                           As ascidians are a sister group of the vertebrates, we disc
32                                              Ascidians are also simple genetically, with limited redu
33                                              Ascidians are among the most distant chordate relatives
34 H1 expression on embryonic axis formation in ascidians are similar to those reported for knockout mut
35                                     Colonial ascidians are the only chordates able to undergo whole b
36           Among animals, urochordates (e.g., ascidians) are unique in their ability to biosynthesize
37  member of the HNF-3/forkhead gene family in ascidians as a means to determine the role of winged-hel
38 ryos of fishes, amphibians, echinoderms, and ascidians, as well as the genetic and physical perturbat
39 usly in eggs of the mouse or the urochordate ascidian Ascidiella aspersa.
40                                              Ascidians belong to the tunicates, the sister group of v
41 leavage pattern driving morphogenesis of the ascidian blastula.
42 tially expressed during metamorphosis in the ascidian Boltenia villosa by suppressive PCR subtraction
43 entally-induced angiogenesis in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri (Tunicata, Ascidiacea).
44                                 The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri continuously regenerates e
45                                 The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri propagates asexually and s
46                                 The colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri regenerates the germline d
47                    A primitive chordate, the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, also undergoes a histocom
48 alling pathway in germ cell migration in the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri.
49                                In a colonial ascidian, Botryllus schlosseri, vascular fusion between
50 ing in situ hybridizations indicate that the ascidian brain region can be subdivided into three regio
51 sensory vesicle (the anterior portion of the ascidian brain).
52 Finally, we show experimentally that, unlike ascidians but like vertebrates, posterior cell division
53 patterning that degenerated in amphioxus and ascidians, but was retained to pattern divergent structu
54 sults demonstrate how the unique features of ascidians can be used in genetic analysis of morphogenes
55 mals such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, and ascidians-can distinguish between their own tissues and
56                                           In ascidians cellulose is synthesized in the epidermis and
57                         The notochord of the ascidian Ciona consists of only 40 cells, and is a longs
58     A MyoD family gene was identified in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and designated CiMDF (Ciona
59 ermally-derived pharyngeal epithelium of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and the amphioxus Branchiost
60                                          The ascidian Ciona intestinalis has a monolobal transferrin
61              A forward genetic screen in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis identified a mutant line (fr
62 o known as trunk ventral cells, TVCs) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provide a simple chordate mo
63 vesicle, the CNS of the tadpole larva of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provides us with a chordate
64 model is motivated by our experiments in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis showing that the peripheral
65 ssive ENU-induced short-tailed mutant in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis that is the product of a pre
66                                  Eggs of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis were injected with the Src-h
67              We have examined ASICs from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, a simple chordate organism
68 olution: the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate be
69 sole myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate.
70                                          The ascidian Ciona intestinalis, commonly known as a 'sea sq
71 argets, we demonstrate that, in the chordate ascidian Ciona intestinalis, miR-124 plays an extensive
72 ated gene expression patterns of NCLC in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
73 sed to analyze cardiac cell migration in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
74 st identified in the genome sequences of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
75  search for tissue-specific enhancers in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
76 new T-box gene, CiVegTR, was isolated in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
77 ion within the CNS of a simple chordate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
78 y regulator of ectodermal development in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
79  in a 155-bp notochord-specific CRM from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.
80                         The notochord of the ascidian Ciona provides a unique model for investigating
81 mutations affecting early development in the ascidian Ciona savignyi resulted in the isolation of a n
82 hat a null mutation in the gene dmrt1 in the ascidian Ciona savignyi results in profound abnormalitie
83 ribe here a cellulose synthase gene from the ascidian Ciona savignyi that is expressed in the epiderm
84 ment of a simple organ: the notochord of the ascidian Ciona savignyi.
85  from perturbation of the FGF pathway in the ascidian Ciona support a similar role for this pathway:
86                                  We used the ascidian Ciona, in which the single-copy Brachyury is no
87             In some chordates, including the ascidian Ciona, members of the Tbx2 subfamily of T-box g
88  have come from embryonic development in the ascidian Ciona, which is dependent upon the transcriptio
89 from vertebrates to basal chordates like the ascidian Ciona.
90 tional analyses of regulatory regions in the ascidians Ciona savignyi and Ciona intestinalis.
91 ion of HNF-3beta and snail homologues in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, a member of the subphylum
92   We present evidence that the embryo of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, is an easily manipulated s
93                                       In the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, snail (Ci-sna) is expresse
94 ge information and streamlined genome of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, to investigate heart devel
95 the tadpole larva of a sibling chordate, the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis.
96 ng portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis.
97 res of natural selection in a model invasive ascidian, Ciona robusta.
98                      There are two phases in ascidian CNS development: an early phase, in which cells
99 s isolated from a new species of Lissoclinum ascidian collected from South Africa, Algoa Bay near Por
100 in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of gene
101   We examine the evolution of coloniality in ascidians, contrasting the life histories of solitary an
102 on, and the pattern of cell divisions during ascidian development.
103  the main information system in the field of ascidian developmental biology.
104                                   The marine ascidian Diazona angulata was the source organism for th
105 ) and B (2), were isolated from the colonial ascidian Didemnum molle collected in Pohnpei.
106 d fractionation of an aqueous extract of the ascidian Didemnum molle.
107                                          The ascidians Diplosoma sp. settled later and were more tole
108  expression patterns to published results in ascidians disclosed important developmental differences
109                          Marine invertebrate ascidians display embryonic reproducibility: Their early
110 ods we analyzed the planar cell divisions in ascidian early embryos and found that spindles in every
111 nd in a blue-green algae associated with the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata and has shown promising
112 e mitochondrial NADH concentration on single ascidian eggs and found that they increase in phase with
113  the classical muscle determinant present in ascidian eggs may correspond to bHLH activators, which b
114 of Ca(2+) at fertilization in echinoderm and ascidian eggs requires SH2 domain-mediated activation of
115  region of YC RNA hybridize to other RNAs in ascidian eggs.
116                                          The ascidian embryo is an ideal system to investigate how ce
117                     Recent work in the early ascidian embryo reveals the function of a single factor
118 fication of the principal dynamical modes of ascidian embryogenesis and the automatic unveiling of it
119 ins that are differentially expressed during ascidian embryogenesis has novel parallels to vertebrate
120 ms underlying otherwise conserved aspects of ascidian embryogenesis.
121 ole-embryo scale shape changes in developing ascidian embryos by statistically estimating the strain
122 sitioning during unequal cell division.Early ascidian embryos have a cortical subdomain of endoplasmi
123                                              Ascidian embryos highlight the importance of cell lineag
124                                        Early ascidian embryos possess a large cortical subdomain of e
125  invariant and conserved cleavage pattern of ascidian embryos was found to consist in alternate plana
126 dressed this question by taking advantage of ascidian embryos, consisting of a small number of interp
127                                           In ascidian embryos, FGF/MAPK-mediated activation of the tr
128                          We conclude that in ascidian embryos, the transient mesendoderm regulatory s
129       Owing to the small numbers of cells in ascidian embryos, this represents an average of over 12-
130                       Here, we show that, in ascidian embryos, three nbeta-catenin transcriptional ta
131 diac mesoderm (trunk ventral cells, TVCs) in ascidian embryos.
132 hree types of migratory mesenchymal cells in ascidian embryos.
133 ning the cleavage plane during UCDs in early ascidian embryos.
134 ograms that tell the story of development in ascidian embryos.
135 fferential cortical tension that can explain ascidian endoderm invagination.
136 cyclic peptides, were isolated from a Fijian ascidian Eudistoma sp.
137  (C-TAD) identified an extract of the marine ascidian Eudistoma sp. as active.
138               A comparison of Oikopleura and ascidian evidence suggests that the lack of RA-induced h
139                               Experiments in ascidian, frog and mouse embryos have shown that co-expr
140              Our findings suggest that early ascidian gastrulation is driven by the coordinated appos
141 p mechanism for endoderm invagination during ascidian gastrulation.
142                            We found that the ascidian genome contains a single ASIC gene that gives r
143                                          The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-sp
144 oratory experiments, two introduced compound ascidians grew faster than a native species, but only at
145 ages in both Ciona and the distantly related ascidian Halocynthia.
146 imordia implies that basal chordates such as ascidians have already acquired a sensory organ that dev
147 nge of animal species, including vertebrate, ascidian, hemichordate, mollusc, annelid and arthropod,
148 ies, combined with its relative abundance in ascidian hemocytes, suggest that styelin D plays a signi
149  report the expression of HrPax-258 gene: an ascidian homologue of vertebrate Pax-2, Pax-5 and Pax-8
150                                              Ascidians hosted diverse symbiont communities, consistin
151 describe a composite skeletal tissue from an ascidian in which amorphous and crystalline calcium carb
152 the systematics and biology of this group of ascidians is not well-understood.
153            Embryonic development in solitary ascidians is the classic example of determinative specif
154       Here, we harness the simplicity of the ascidian larva to show that, following asymmetric cell d
155                The anterior-most ectoderm of ascidian larvae contains the adhesive papillae, or palps
156                                              Ascidian larvae have a hollow, dorsal central nervous sy
157  observations suggest that tail formation in ascidian larvae requires not only signaling from notocho
158 akatori et al. show nuclear migration within ascidian mesendodermal cells enables polarized localizat
159                                              Ascidian metamorphosis represents a powerful model for c
160                        These results suggest ascidian microbial symbionts exhibit a high degree of ho
161 and sequenced genomic clones from the tailed ascidian Molgula oculata.
162                                          The ascidians Molgula oculata and Molgula occulta are closel
163 d the mechanism of an evolutionary change in ascidian muscle cell differentiation.
164 pment of Ca2+ and K+ currents was studied in ascidian muscle cells at twelve embryonic stages from ga
165                        Early in development, ascidian muscle cells generate spontaneous, long-duratio
166                                 In embryonic ascidian muscle, outward K+ currents develop in two stag
167 cle determinant that was first identified in ascidians nearly 100 years ago.
168 of homologous regions between vertebrate and ascidian nervous systems, however, remains to be resolve
169  organization, the mechanisms patterning the ascidian neural tube are similar to those of the more co
170                         The structure of the ascidian neural tube is extremely simple, containing les
171           The FAST cassette is similar in an ascidian nodal-related gene, suggesting an ancient origi
172 s is essential for directing M/L polarity of ascidian notochord cells.
173                                          The ascidian notochord follows a morphogenetic program that
174 ryos, suggesting that cellular mechanisms of ascidian notochord formation may operate across the chor
175                             Our results show ascidian notochord formation to be regulative in a fashi
176                                          The ascidian notochord forms through simultaneous invaginati
177                                 We find that ascidian notochord taper involves three main mechanisms:
178  deformation that accompany formation of the ascidian notochord.
179 ation on the function and development of the ascidian notochord.
180 e cell wide, an arrangement which is seen in ascidian notochords, but which has not been observed in
181 re recently isolated from a Brazilian marine ascidian of the family Didemnidae.
182 olated from an unidentified Brazilian marine ascidian of the family Didemnidae.
183 tes, such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, and ascidians, often live in densely populated communities w
184     We conclude that the CDK activity of the ascidian oocyte can be regarded as a positive regulator
185 nd/or detected in lamprey, but not in either ascidians or amphioxus (or any other nonchordate taxon).
186                                The botryllid ascidians (Order Stolidobranchia, Family Styelidae) are
187                Comparison with expression of ascidian Otx (Hroth) and a Hox gene (HrHox1) by double-s
188     Here we report functional studies of the ascidian Pax gene (HrPax-37).
189                                          The ascidian PCNA protein has 61, 69, and 71% amino acid ide
190 ordate synapomorphy and not a peculiarity of ascidians, perhaps resulting from their drastic CNS meta
191     Chemical investigation of the Philippine ascidian Perophora namei has resulted in the isolation o
192 d: a 3D+t confocal microscopy dataset of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata consisting of 18 time poin
193                                              Ascidians (Phylum Chordata, Class Ascidiacea) are a larg
194                Recent evidence suggests that ascidian pigment cells are related to neural crest-deriv
195                     Our findings suggest the ascidian PNS can serve as an in vivo model to study the
196                                              Ascidians present a striking dichotomy between conserved
197                                      The two ascidians present behaved differently with Aplidium sp.
198 en shown that symbiotic bacteria living with ascidians produce some of the bioactive compounds isolat
199 lation of ScYC26b, a cDNA clone encoding the ascidian proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).
200 ghly invasive Australian marine species, the ascidian Pyura praeputialis This species is an aggressiv
201         In contrast, the magnitude of native ascidian recruitment was negatively correlated with wint
202 or Halocynthia spp. but development in other ascidians remains poorly characterized.
203      103 universal core OTUs (present in all ascidian replicates) were identified, including taxa pre
204                                 As botryllid ascidians represent invertebrate chordates capable of wh
205 s, pleats and other complex defects found in ascidian samples can play an unexpected and decisive rol
206 he three most abundant introduced species of ascidian (sea squirt), the timing of the initiation of r
207           Embryos of simple chordates called ascidians (sea squirts) have few cells, develop rapidly,
208                                         Some ascidians sequester vanadium and other metal ions that a
209                                     However, ascidians share many features with vertebrates including
210                In ANISEED 2015, all nine new ascidian species can be explored via dedicated genome br
211 in (nicaTf), was identified in the primitive ascidian species Ciona intestinalis that possesses the c
212  examined the microbial communities of three ascidian species common in North Carolina harbors.
213                                         Many ascidian species have become successfully introduced aro
214                          The genomes of nine ascidian species have been sequenced since the release o
215                                         Many ascidian species have experienced worldwide introduction
216  muscle actin mRNA in more distantly related ascidian species with tail muscle cells.
217 velopment was studied in two closely related ascidian species, one exhibiting a conventional tadpole
218  species, including for the first time a non-ascidian species, the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica.
219  cells were previously identified in diverse ascidian species.
220 stinct microbial communities inhabiting each ascidian species.
221                      A cDNA library from the ascidian Styela clava was screened with a YC probe to id
222 e dividing ependymal cells in embryos of the ascidian Styela clava.
223 s) can be traced back to sea urchins and the ascidian Styela plicata, respectively.
224  the blood cells (hemocytes) of the solitary ascidian, Styela clava.
225                                           In ascidians such as Ciona there is a particularly intimate
226                                           In ascidians, such as Ciona intestinalis, Brachyury is expr
227 f variance revealed clear differentiation of ascidian symbionts compared to seawater bacterioplankton
228 nOxA), recently isolated from the sub-Arctic ascidian Synoicum pulmonaria.
229 mprises the basic motor pool of the swimming ascidian tadpole and has been proposed to be homologous
230      The central nervous system (CNS) of the ascidian tadpole larva consists of only 370 cells, yet i
231 e tiny, dorsal tubular nervous system of the ascidian tadpole larva, Ciona intestinalis.
232  the tail and other chordate features in the ascidian tadpole larva.
233 e in the development of chordate features in ascidian tadpole larvae.
234                                   The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to
235 tiation are crucial for morphogenesis of the ascidian tail.
236           Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial ascidian that grows by asexual reproduction, and on a we
237 em in the follicular spherical epithelium of ascidians that are emerging models in developmental biol
238  cycle arrest and its release in urochordate ascidians, the closest living invertebrate group to the
239                               In contrast to ascidians, the lack of a radical reorganization of the C
240 chordates however, including vertebrates and ascidians, the mouth primordia have been shown to fate t
241                A recent study shows that, in ascidians, the planar cell polarity gene prickle regulat
242 d that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage rely on the spindle tilting in a
243                                              Ascidians (tunicates; sea squirts) are sources of divers
244  we review data from vertebrates and from an ascidian urochordate and propose that the organizer was
245 ulation resembling neural crest cells in the ascidian urochordate Ecteinascidia turbinata.
246 e existence of neural crest-like cells in an ascidian urochordate.
247 g already known metazoan deviations from it (ascidian, vertebrate, echinoderm/hemichordate).
248                                          The ascidian VSD protein Ci-VSP gates a phosphatase activity
249 ge of model organisms, including sea urchin, ascidian, zebrafish, frog, chick, and mouse.
250  to other embryo populations including mice, ascidians, zebrafish, Xenopus, and Drosophila.
251                                           In ascidian zygotes, maternal determinants (mRNAs) are firs

 
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