ライフサイエンスコーパス: astral microtubule

1 tic polarization via the central spindle and astral microtubules.

2 parallel with a second pathway that involves astral microtubules.

3 nents of the signaling pathway downstream of astral microtubules.

4 recruited, and thus modulate the behavior of astral microtubules.

5 proteins and large sizes, rely primarily on astral microtubules.

6 latter delivered cytoplasmic aurora B along astral microtubules.

7 tained collapsed spindles with numerous long astral microtubules.

8 ruption of the organization of dynein and/or astral microtubules.

9 d also suggested a possible interaction with astral microtubules.

10 determined site of cytokinesis by pulling on astral microtubules.

11 xplained by the conventional model involving astral microtubules.

12 totic centrosomes is not dependent upon long astral microtubules.

13 around the interior of the cell via dynamic astral microtubules.

14 m aster and in the organization of the sperm astral microtubules.

15 ase in spindle length and enhanced growth of astral microtubules.

16 ing forces exerted by cortical regulators on astral microtubules.

17 omains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules.

18 visions, primarily by reducing the growth of astral microtubules.

19 cal machine that mediates a pulling force on astral microtubules.

20 endent pulling forces exerted on the tips of astral microtubules.

21 tor complex, which exerts a pulling force on astral microtubules.

22 plus-end tracking, including localization to astral microtubules.

23 bule organization and a dramatic increase in astral microtubules.

24 rients the spindle through interactions with astral microtubules.

25 nisms of mitotic spindle orientation rely on astral microtubules.

26 g by affecting the stability and dynamics of astral microtubules.

27 n and activate the motor activity pulling on astral microtubules.

28 rces that act between the cell periphery and astral microtubules.

29 ndle misorientation accompanied by shortened astral microtubules.

30 teractions of cortical molecular motors with astral microtubules.

31 rganize in vitro into asters, which resemble astral microtubules.

32 ion plane and a reduced number and length of astral microtubules.

33 ioles and are not anchored to the cortex via astral microtubules.

34 Astral microtubules, about four to six in number for eac

35 contain mitotic actin bundles, which prevent astral microtubule-actin cortex attachments.

36 ell axis, so that cortical motors pulling on astral microtubules align bipolar spindles with the inte

37 ators connect epithelial polarity sites with astral microtubules, allowing dynein movement to orient

38 Finally, dynein-dependent sliding of astral microtubules along the cortex and oscillation of

39 Astral microtubules also inhibit RhoA accumulation at th

40 hem as kinetochore (KMTs), spindle (SMTs) or astral microtubules (AMTs) according to their positions,

41 n, is a dynamic complex whose recruitment to astral microtubules (aMTs) increases dramatically during

42 ll cycle) contacting the bud by its existing astral microtubules (aMTs) while the new pole delays ast

43 -300 nuclear ring and a polarized network of astral microtubules (aMTs).

44 in to the cell cortex followed by capture of astral microtubules (aMTs).

45 y facilitating proper dynamic instability of astral microtubules (aMTs).

46 spindle morphology with nucleation of robust astral microtubules, an effect reproduced in Xenopus egg

47 We develop a cortex-astral microtubule analytical model to capture the retra

48 position in concert with the position of the astral microtubule anchoring complex LGN-NuMA to yield t

49 rk in mitotic cells with an extension of the astral microtubules and a reduction of kinetochore micro

50 rnover of LGN relies, at least partially, on astral microtubules and DYNC1H1.

51 nted spindles were associated with disrupted astral microtubules and near complete loss of a unique s

52 (TCJs) localize force generators, pulling on astral microtubules and orienting cell division via the

53 e involved in generating forces that pull on astral microtubules and position the spindle asymmetrica

54 CLASPs act partially redundantly to regulate astral microtubules and position the spindle during asym

55 microtubules with a significant increase in astral microtubules and reduction in K-fiber fluorescenc

56 l deposition of new furrow membrane requires astral microtubules and release of internal stores of Ca

57 centrin-gamma TuRC interaction and perturbed astral microtubules and spindle bipolarity.

58 cordingly, Hook2-depleted cells have reduced astral microtubules and spindle positioning defects.

59 A-dynein complex dynamically crosstalks with astral microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton, and how

60 howed that spindle orientation required both astral microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton.

61 ed to be governed by the interaction between astral microtubules and the cell cortex and involve cort

62 itioning depends on interactions between the astral microtubules and the cell cortex.

63 (+) plays a role in interactions between the astral microtubules and the cortical cytoskeleton.

64 enter to the cortex, a process that requires astral microtubules and the microtubule-based motor dyne

65 Cytokinesis is regulated by both astral microtubules and the midzone microtubules of the

66 molecular mechanism for the organization of astral microtubules and the mitotic spindle through Rab1

67 re cortical anchoring of Dynein-Dynactin and astral microtubules and thereby planar alignment of the

68 elial cells resulted in the disappearance of astral microtubules, and dividing spindle fiber formatio

69 eed at which it rotates after laser ablating astral microtubules, and estimates of the number of abla

70 short mitotic spindles, increased numbers of astral microtubules, and require the presence of the kin

71 As centrosome integrity and astral microtubules appeared unperturbed by (+)-1,2-bis(

72 While astral microtubules are believed to be primarily respons

73 The majority of astral microtubules are dynamically unstable.

74 Although astral microtubules are known to play roles in these pro

75 demonstrate that dynein-dependent forces on astral microtubules are propagated through the spindle d

76 Our results indicate that astral microtubules are required for establishing bipola

77 physical centrosome removal demonstrate that astral microtubules are required for such spindle elonga

78 In addition, dynein-mediated forces on astral microtubules are sufficient to segregate a 2N chr

79 it as astrin because of its association with astral microtubule arrays assembled in vitro.

80 ntained bipolar spindles with dense and long astral microtubule arrays but with poorly organized kine

81 ferentially regulate the mitotic spindle via astral microtubule arrays to trigger asymmetric division

82 ction into cultured cells leads to organized astral microtubule arrays with expanded polar regions in

83 racted to form spindles joined in series via astral microtubules as revealed by live cell imaging.

84 he stabilization of cortical associations of astral microtubules at cell-cell adhesions to orient the

85 arge zygotic spindle that nucleates abundant astral microtubules at spindle poles.

86 to examine the residence time of individual astral microtubules at the cell cortex of developing emb

87 ractile ring constriction-driven bundling of astral microtubules at the furrow tip.

88 raction at SPBs compromises the anchorage of astral microtubules at the SPB and surprisingly also inf

89 lin and late stage embryos often do not have astral microtubules at their spindle poles.

90 orylates MISP, thus stabilizing cortical and astral microtubule attachments required for proper mitot

91 e orientation via regulation of actin cortex-astral microtubule attachments.

92 s have shown that cortical actin may mediate astral microtubule-based movements of the mitotic spindl

93 ryogenesis is characterized by shifting from astral microtubule-based to central spindle-based positi

94 regions of the cell cortex that overlap with astral microtubules become enriched in actin and coronin

95 Comparison of astral microtubule behavior in mitosis with microtubule

96 f, while making contact with the cortex, the astral microtubules buckle as they exert compressive, pu

97 h MUG and normal mitosis, chromatin attracts astral microtubules but cannot induce spindle assembly.

98 om the cell cortex through interactions with astral microtubules, but neither the mechanism governing

99 Surprisingly, this disruption destabilizes astral microtubules, but not kinetochore-microtubule att

100 bules nucleated along the length of existing astral microtubules, but this increase negatively affect

101 ugh the capture and subsequent shortening of astral microtubules by a site in the cortex.

102 absence of a functional exclusion mechanism, astral microtubules can associate with Pins over the ent

103 s that, in the absence of a central spindle, astral microtubules can support midbody assembly and tha

104 tic centrosomes and has few or no detectable astral microtubules, can develop into an adult fly.

105 entrosomes lose gamma-tubulin, spindles lose astral microtubules, chromosomes fail to reach a metapha

106 Remarkably, cells depleted of astral microtubules conduct accurate, complete cytokines

107 microtubules support spindle structure, and astral microtubules connect spindle poles to the cell co

108 nd positioning around chromosomes depends on astral microtubule connections to a moving cell cortex.

109 These forces act before astral microtubules contact the cortex; thus, dynein mus

110 During mitosis, spindle poles align so the astral microtubules contact the lateral cortex.

111 cortical dynein-generated pulling forces on astral microtubules contribute to anaphase spindle elong

112 same cytokinetic signaling ensemble-opposed astral microtubules decorated with Ect2 and Cyk4.

113 We show that reducing astral microtubules decreases the frequency of spindle m

114 letion of BAP1 but not BRCA1, as spindle and astral microtubule defects were rescued by re-expression

115 dominant-negative Rab11 expression disrupts astral microtubules, delays mitosis, and redistributes s

116 interactions with mutations that deactivate astral microtubule-dependent nuclear migration.

117 Caenorhabditis elegans one-cell embryo, the astral microtubule-dependent pathway requires anillin, N

118 in movement to orient the mitotic spindle as astral microtubules depolymerize.

119 Before cellularization, astral microtubules determine metaphase furrow position

120 This work reveals how pulling forces on astral microtubules determine the mechanics of spindle o

121 ow the cortex causes the depolymerization of astral microtubules during asymmetric spindle positionin

122 obtain time-lapse recordings of fluorescent astral microtubule dynamics and nuclear movements over t

123 Astral microtubule dynamics are critical to the mechanis

124 yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, depend on astral microtubule dynamics that drag the nucleus throug

125 wever, the regulatory mechanisms that couple astral microtubules dynamics to the spindle orientation

126 new mitosis-specific crotonylation-regulated astral microtubule-EB1-NuMA interaction in mitosis.

127 ctility both preceded and was independent of astral microtubule elongation, suggesting that the initi

128 held assumptions that the centrosome and the astral microtubules emanating from it are essential for

129 pindles prevented recapture of the cortex by astral microtubules emanating from the pole pivoting awa

130 The distance between astral microtubules ends and the anterior cortex was sig

131 contact geometry from "end-on" to "side-on." Astral microtubules engage cortically anchored motors al

132 Yet in the absence of EB1 activity, astral microtubules fail to engage the cortical dynein/d

133 rimary function of centrosomes is to provide astral microtubules for proper nuclear spacing and migra

134 Delta and gfh1Delta cells exhibit defects in astral microtubule formation and anchoring, suggesting t

135 Simultaneous contact of astral microtubules from both poles with the AMIZ direct

136 hate-bound Ran, stimulated polymerization of astral microtubules from centrosomes assembled on Xenopu

137 Astral microtubules from one pole only then contact the

138 or EB1 in processes that promote equality of astral microtubule function at both poles in a spindle.

139 g that these proteins have specific roles in astral microtubule function.

140 this amino acid, plays a role in a subset of astral microtubule functions during nuclear migration in

141 Astral microtubules grow out from the two spindle poles,

142 eck in S/G2 or G2/M was dependent on dynamic astral microtubules growing into the bud.

143 nGTP-driven microtubule formation suppressed astral microtubule growth caused by CK2 inhibition.

144 bly, although it is required for cytoplasmic astral microtubule growth during mitosis.

145 e nucleus moves in the opposite direction of astral microtubule growth in the mother cell, apparently

146 In this study, we investigate how forces on astral microtubules impact the genome during cell divisi

147 g that Ect2 migrates from spindle midzone to astral microtubules in anaphase and that Ect2 shapes the

148 port a role for both the central spindle and astral microtubules in cytokinesis in animal cells.

149 the first views of the dynamic properties of astral microtubules in live budding yeast.

150 sh embryos, where cells are unusually large, astral microtubules in metaphase are too short to positi

151 dundantly to suppress the formation of basal astral microtubules in neuroblasts.

152 robably a direct result of a failure to form astral microtubules in parthenogenetic embryos lacking c

153 r RNAi leads to a reduction in the length of astral microtubules in syncytial embryos, larval neurobl

154 the actomyosin cytoskeleton to plus ends of astral microtubules in the equatorial region of the cell

155 Because the plus-ends of many astral microtubules in the spindle point to the cell cor

156 es delayed development and a failure to form astral microtubules in the zygote.

157 000, consistent with the several thousand of astral microtubules in these cells.

158 absence of Cdc28-Clb4 activity (G1/S phase), astral microtubules interact with the bud tip in a manne

159 Dynamic plus ends of astral microtubules interact with the shmoo tip in matin

160 n surrounding the nucleus, which we term the astral microtubule interaction zone (AMIZ).

161 ctin cables are important for either guiding astral microtubules into the bud or anchoring them in th

162 eavage plane geometry in which the length of astral microtubules is limited by interaction with these

163 ted at the cell cortex to generate forces on astral microtubules is not clear.

164 We show that astral microtubules, kinesin Khc-73, and Discs large (Dl

165 three classes: kinetochore, interpolar, and astral microtubules (kMTs, iMTs, and aMTs, respectively)

166 Rather, confinement increases numbers of astral microtubules laterally contacting the cortex, shi

167 Disruption of astral microtubules leads to misalignment of the spindle

168 le growth in metaphase but instead increases astral microtubule length and number.

169 s to regulate cell cycle-specific changes in astral microtubule length to ensure proper spindle align

170 on we found that cenexin depletion decreased astral microtubule length, disrupted astral microtubule

171 equired for proper chromosome separation and astral microtubule length.

172 otic cells, including a drastic reduction in astral microtubules, malformed mitotic spindles, defocus

173 l release and transport of LGN complex along astral microtubules may contribute to spindle positionin

174 Transport on astral microtubules may provide a general mechanism for

175 Reestablishment of astral microtubule-mediated forces align the spindle pol

176 We provide evidence for dynein- and astral microtubule-mediated transport of Galphai/LGN/nuc

177 iated role for the Astrin/SKAP complex as an astral microtubule mediator of mitotic spindle positioni

178 We report that even in the absence of astral microtubules, metaphase spindles in MDCK and HeLa

179 creased astral microtubule length, disrupted astral microtubule minus-end organization, and increased

180 In contrast, mEg5 punctae on astral microtubules moved transiently toward microtubule

181 al imaging microscopy to examine cytoplasmic astral microtubules (Mts) and spindle dynamics during th

182 they grow, their minus ends are captured by astral microtubules (MTs) and transported poleward throu

183 Astral microtubules (MTs) are known to be important for

184 Contacts between cytoplasmic dynein and astral microtubules (MTs) at the cell cortex generate pu

185 cess begins with the capture of pole-derived astral microtubules (MTs) by the polarity determinant Bu

186 Astral microtubules (MTs) emanating from the mitotic app

187 e positioning in budding yeast by pulling on astral microtubules (MTs) from the cell cortex.

188 A), proteins that generate pulling forces on astral microtubules (MTs) through cytoplasmic dynein.

189 ynactin was sufficient to generate forces on astral microtubules (MTs) to orient the spindle, with Nu

190 of the spindle apparatus by associating with astral microtubules (MTs), and this association is essen

191 ates MF-dependent cortical forces applied to astral microtubules (MTs).

192 nuclear complex (PNC) and its two associated astral microtubules (MTs).

193 though these cells lack the radial arrays of astral microtubules normally associated with each spindl

194 turb spindle orientation solely by affecting astral microtubule nucleation or whether centrosome prot

195 Moreover, astral microtubule number and length correlated with the

196 process thought to include direct capture by astral microtubules of kinetochores and/or noncentrosoma

197 (dynein-GFP), which fluorescently labels the astral microtubules of the budding yeast Saccharomyces c

198 yeast spindle pole body [SPB]) nucleate more astral microtubules on one of the two spindle poles than

199 Loss of either astral microtubules or Lis1/dynactin leads to spindle/co

200 primed to form furrows at either overlapping astral microtubules or the central spindle.

201 t ECM, low levels of SUN2 expression perturb astral microtubule organization and delay the onset of a

202 of SPB maturation, control the asymmetry of astral microtubule organization between the preexisting

203 Asymmetric astral microtubule organization drives the polarized ori

204 ove the differential activity of the SPBs in astral microtubule organization rather than intrinsic di

205 icrotubules (aMTs) while the new pole delays astral microtubule organization.

206 NA is involved in negative regulation of the astral microtubule organizing capacity of the spindle po

207 The astral microtubule organizing function of Nud1p is media

208 ), Polo, and Fascetto (Prc1) localize to the astral microtubule overlap region.

209 As nuclei divide, continued transport on astral microtubules partitions germ plasm to daughter nu

210 gly, most of the suppressors that rescue the astral microtubule phenotype also reduce Cdk1-CycB activ

211 by gating the recruitment of dynactin to the astral microtubule plus end, a prerequisite for offloadi

212 Khc-73 localizes to astral microtubule plus ends, and Dlg/Khc-73 and Dlg/Pin

213 Cortical pulling on astral microtubules positions the mitotic spindle in res

214 depolymerization, is a prerequisite for the astral microtubule pulling forces to trigger pronuclear

215 ng abnormally stretched or fragmented due to astral microtubule pulling forces.

216 anaphase spindle elongates through cortical astral microtubule pulling forces.

217 are recruited to the cell cortex and capture astral microtubules, pulling the spindle in the correct

218 mal in these embryos, but reduced numbers of astral microtubules reach all regions of the cortex at t

219 l the plus-end dynamics and cargoes of their astral microtubules, remotely from the minus-end.

220 ex and allow dynein to produce forces on the astral microtubules required for mitotic spindle alignme

221 cally, constitutively active Rab11 increases astral microtubules, restores gamma-tubulin spindle pole

222 unts of pericentriolar material and nucleate astral microtubules, revealing a role for emerin in the

223 A subset of astral microtubules stabilizes during anaphase, becoming

224 Second, astral microtubules, structures that undergo similar pat

225 e at approximately 11 microm/min, similar to astral microtubules, suggesting polymerization velocity

226 ely associated with both the cell cortex and astral microtubules, suggesting that it may directly int

227 o2(S338N) and mto1Delta cells nucleate fewer astral microtubules than normal and have higher levels o

228 cytoplasmic CENP-E toward chromosomes along astral microtubules that enter the nuclear volume.

229 the most dramatic effect on the lifetimes of astral microtubules that extend toward the cell cortex.

230 le treatment revealed a population of stable astral microtubules that formed during anaphase; among t

231 The long astral microtubules that occur in the absence of Kif18B

232 However, mitotic C377S tub1 cells displayed astral microtubules that often appeared excessive in num

233 phases due to a tethering force, mediated by astral microtubules that reach the anterior cell cortex.

234 ocess is likely driven by interactions among astral microtubules, the motor protein dynein, and the c

235 Considerations of the length of the astral microtubules, their diamagnetic anisotropy, and f

236 ed through a cortical machinery by capturing astral microtubules, thereby generating pushing/pulling

237 brane, where dynein captures and walks along astral microtubules to help orient the mitotic spindle.

238 ocalized cortical motor complexes can act on astral microtubules to orient the spindle.

239 The dynein/dynactin motor complex pulls astral microtubules to orient the spindle.

240 ar mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA)-positive astral microtubules to orientate the mitotic spindle.

241 chromosomes during anaphase, cooperates with astral microtubules to position the cleavage furrow.

242 anchored dynein generates pulling forces on astral microtubules to position the mitotic spindle acro

243 s and activates Dynein motors, which pull on astral microtubules to position the mitotic spindle.

244 c delay and prevents appropriate assembly of astral microtubules to promote spindle misorientation.

245 ), Galphai, and Dynein, which interacts with astral microtubules to rotate the spindle.

246 dynamic link between accurate attachment of astral microtubules to the lateral cell cortex defined b

247 us-ends are abundant, such as at overlapping astral microtubules, to locally activate RhoA and accura

248 However, the motors that pull astral microtubules toward these actin structures are no

249 one spindle pole body the task of organizing astral microtubules towards the mother cell.

250 eted embryos, but the polymerization rate of astral microtubules was not slower than in wild type.

251 eation rate in LLCPK cells and the number of astral microtubules was similar in stathmin +/+ and -/-

252 rosome and a subset of differentially stable astral microtubules were also observed.

253 ligned in latrunculin-treated cells and that astral microtubules were misoriented, confirming a role

254 er to move from this SPB to the plus ends of astral microtubules, where Cdc28-Clb4 regulates the inte

255 nhibition of dynein blocked mEg5 movement on astral microtubules, whereas depletion of the Eg5-bindin

256 l and cellular events, perhaps by nucleating astral microtubules which mediate interactions with othe

257 gamma-tubulin complex organizes spindle and astral microtubules, which, in turn, separate replicated

258 e alignment by regulating the interaction of astral microtubules with subdomains of the bud cortex.

259 tioned and oriented by interactions of their astral microtubules with the cellular cortex, followed b

260 rotation is dependent on the interaction of astral microtubules with the cortical actin cytoskeleton

261 rst, Peg1 was required to form a spindle and astral microtubules, yet destabilized interphase microtu