ライフサイエンスコーパス: atria

1 lectrical and contractile dysfunction in the atria.

2 ogeneous throughout different regions of the atria.

3 lectrical, and contractile remodeling of the atria.

4 NCX KO SAN that failed to propagate into the atria.

5 substrates for EHD3-dependent trafficking in atria.

6 for proper electrical conduction through the atria.

7 nt that represents cardiac conduction in the atria.

8 ients had larger and more dysfunctional left atria.

9 d targeting of both Cav3.1 and CaV3.2 in the atria.

10 ated in 10 patients with structurally normal atria.

11 les and membrane protein targets for EHD3 in atria.

12 gins across all the different regions of the atria.

13 had higher expression in the SAN than in the atria.

14 ng acute fibrillation in ovine isolated left atria.

15 ibly induced self-terminating AF in 10 of 17 atria.

16 multiple temporal and spatial scales in the atria.

17 suppressed induction of AF in 7 of 10 (70%) atria.

18 ty infiltration of subepicardium of diseased atria.

19 al remodeling in the outer millimeter of the atria.

20 ial durations (APDs) in isolated canine left atria.

21 ology and preventing fibrosis throughout the atria.

22 particularly in the outer millimeter of the atria.

23 ewhere in the left (28.2%) and right (33.0%) atria.

24 o increased the arrhythmogenesis of the left atria.

25 ntially expressed between the left and right atria.

26 ee-dimensional structural model of the human atria.

27 stablished, RFA lesions were created in both atria.

28 Pase-2a complex was also identified in human atria.

29 the slow pathway, then the fast pathway and atria.

30 s well as to parts of the left ventricle and atria.

31 rsal mesocardium for its contribution to the atria.

32 ely distributed on the dorsal surface of the atria.

33 substantially higher fibrosis throughout the atria.

34 sarcolipin is a key regulator of SERCA2a in atria.

35 2a (SERCA2a) and is expressed abundantly in atria.

36 s a mediator of beta-adrenergic responses in atria.

37 ve AT arose from a wide distribution in both atria.

38 ce structural and electric remodeling of the atria.

39 lly regulates PRRX1 expression in human left atria.

40 lular Ca(2+) homeostasis in the healthy aged atria.

41 a buffering decreases systolic Ca(2+) in old atria.

42 nt for changes to systolic Ca(2+) in the old atria.

43 e breakdown and rotor multiplication in both atria.

44 rize the distinct major bundles in the human atria.

45 edominantly in ventricles in comparison with atria.

46 aps of the fibrous organization of the human atria.

47 PFA applied from the posterior atria (23 [21-25] applications) to the approximated esop

48 sing ATRIA bleeding risk score, from 81% for ATRIA=3 to 73% for ATRIA>/=5 (P<0.001).

49 : perforation without communication with the atria; 3b: atrioesophageal fistula [AEF]).

50 implantation had elevated thresholds in the atria (4), ventricle (3), or both chambers (4; atrial-le

51 Calcium uptake studies revealed that, in the atria, ablation of sarcolipin resulted in an increase in

52 as a decrease in the frequency of the slower atria after ablation close to main interatrial conductio

53 In the atria, age-associated changes in the action potential ha

54 e address both by proposing Ablatio Triadum (ATria), an iterative centrality algorithm that uses the

55 e differences in AF EGMs in normal versus HF atria and (2) assess how fibrosis and nerve-rich fat con

56 imaging analysis was performed from 10 right atria and 10 left atria data sets, including 86 axial LG

57 CPC niches in the atria and apex of the mouse heart were infected with a l

58 ct mesoderm, which generates portions of the atria and atrio-ventricular canal.

59 Wall stress varied widely within atria and between subjects (median, 36 kPa; interquartil

60 A significant interaction existed between ATRIA and CHADS(2) scores (P=0.021).

61 or CHA2DS2-VASc were lower than those of the ATRIA and CHADS2.

62 rillation (AF) from optical mapping of human atria and clinical studies of AF, yet are controversial

63 monovalent cationic channels found in human atria and conduction system.

64 s with an electrical signal generated in the atria and ends with myocardial contraction.

65 PANCR was expressed specifically in the left atria and eye and in no other chambers of the heart.

66 onstrated superior performance compared with ATRIA and HEMORR(2)HAGES at any threshold probability fo

67 Adding TTR to ORBIT, ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES led to improved predictive perfor

68 Adding 'labile INR' (TTR < 65%) to ORBIT, ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES significantly improved their recl

69 pertension and diabetes, and had larger left atria and higher left ventricular mass.

70 A loss of Grk2/3 results in dilated atria and hypoplastic ventricles, and the hearts of embr

71 eous myofiber architecture of right and left atria and interatrial septum provide a means of investig

72 xial couplon was observed in human and mouse atria and is composed of voluminous axial tubules (ATs)

73 med complete bidirectional block between the atria and isolated area, whereas antegrade and retrograd

74 operation involves extensive surgery in the atria and leaves the right ventricle as the systemic ven

75 ls are incorporated into the cardiac inflow (atria and left ventricle) while medially placed cells ar

76 ition with respect to the progenitors of the atria and left ventricle.

77 nteract with deterministic properties of the atria and may engage organized mechanisms.

78 ibute not only to the SV but also to the LV, atria and OFT and are found also in the dorsal splanchni

79 es (mOBRI, HEMORR2HAGES, Shireman, HAS-BLED, ATRIA and ORBIT) in a large cohort of Chinese inpatients

80 , lineage-labeled cells were detected in the atria and outflow tract of the developing heart.

81 ession with more abundant SK channels in the atria and pacemaking tissues compared with the ventricle

82 iNICD mice have structurally normal atria and preserved sinus node architecture, but express

83 epolarizations in atrial myocytes and intact atria and prevented induction of AF.

84 channels are predominantly expressed in the atria and Purkinje cells.

85 SD2) was age-dependently up-regulated in the atria and the left ventricles of RacET mice on mRNA and

86 a biophysically detailed model of the human atria and torso to investigate the correlation between t

87 or (ANF), which is normally expressed in the atria and trabeculae and is restricted from the developi

88 4 and Tbx5 are co-expressed in the embryonic atria and ventricle, but after E15.5, ventricular expres

89 in the number of proliferative cells in the atria and ventricle, but there was no increase in BrdU+

90 icroRNA, miR-425, that is expressed in human atria and ventricles and is predicted to bind the sequen

91 Atria and ventricles exhibit distinct molecular profiles

92 There is a complex interplay between the atria and ventricles in atrial fibrillation (AF).

93 e phosphorylation were increased in both the atria and ventricles of LKB1-deficient mice.

94 rfused hearts confirmed slowed conduction on atria and ventricles of MetS-VLDL mice.

95 of genes preferentially dysregulated in the atria and ventricles revealed distinct MEF2A-dependent c

96 ages, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes between atria and ventricles that are distinct from those of ske

97 D4(+)), were prominent throughout the heart (atria and ventricles) and localized specifically around

98 annulus fibrosis electrically insulates the atria and ventricles, allowing the timed sequential beat

99 ial for delay of electrical impulses between atria and ventricles, and defects in AVC maturation can

100 F, differences between fibrotic processes in atria and ventricles, and the clinical and prognostic si

101 fferential sarcolemmal K(ATP) composition in atria and ventricles, and, to test this, K(ATP) currents

102 eraction of Gata4 and Tbx5 in the developing atria and ventricles, but the ventricular interaction de

103 ch 81% were differentially expressed between atria and ventricles, suggesting that a major function o

104 lectromechanical activation sequence of both atria and ventricles.

105 s is essential for normal development of the atria and ventricles.

106 ted a reduction in capillary density of both atria and ventricles.

107 they demonstrated dilation of right and left atria and ventricles.

108 ent (I(Na)) in myocytes isolated from canine atria and ventricles.

109 this complex conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles.

110 istinct modulators for the SERCA pump in the atria and ventricles.

111 essing differed between human ventricles and atria and was altered in disease.

112 le for the NO-redox imbalance differ between atria and with the duration and substrate of AF.

113 n hearts that populated the pulmonary veins, atria, and atrioventricular canal.

114 ta on endosome-based trafficking pathways in atria, and implicate EHD3 as a key player in the regulat

115 detected robust expression of Mybphl in the atria, and in discrete puncta throughout the right ventr

116 with HCM had less hypertrophy, smaller left atria, and less systolic and diastolic dysfunction than

117 tributing the left ventricle and part of the atria, and the SHF the rest of the heart.

118 duration (APD) and its dispersion across the atria, and the vulnerability of atrial tissue to the ini

119 rotors, as well as wave and wavelets in the atria, and thereby mimics mechanistic theories that have

120 HL protein was myofilament associated in the atria, and truncated MyBP-HL protein failed to incorpora

121 otential was more depolarized in Pitx2c(+/-) atria, and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel 2 (T

122 s in single cells, cardiomyocyte monolayers, atria, and whole hearts.

123 are its performance with the CHA2DS2VASc and ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

124 We assessed this association in the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

125 Recently a clinically based risk score, the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

126 was developed in ROCKET AF and validated in ATRIA (AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibril

127 ic Factors, Excessive Fall Risk and Stroke), ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

128 Here we show that in atria AP alternans occurs secondary to CaT alternans.

129 ular diseases, including those affecting the atria, are associated with advancing age.

130 in addition, showed that the right and left atria arise from the right and left heart fields.

131 channels are predominantly expressed in the atria as compared with the ventricles.

132 3 was the most highly expressed miRNA in the atria, as quantified by RNA sequencing.

133 ew contends that computational models of the atria assembled with data from clinical imaging modaliti

134 en I and III mRNA expression was elevated in atria at 4 weeks, and atrial fibrosis was seen at 12 wee

135 NAs were found in between the left and right atria at a probability value of <0.01.

136 y expressed mRNAs between the left and right atria at false discovery rates of <0.001 and <0.05, resp

137 ; P<0.001), impaired relaxation, and dilated atria (atrial area in controls, 1.46 cm(2) [interquartil

138 inase B1 is knocked down specifically in the atria, atrial-specific knockdown of calcitonin promotes

139 Although 17% (n=1749) had high ATRIA bleeding risk (score >/=5), only 7% (n=719) were c

140 OAC use fell slightly with increasing ATRIA bleeding risk score, from 81% for ATRIA=3 to 73% f

141 ion and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) bleeding risk scores (>/=5).

142 ssociated with upregulation of miR-31 in the atria but not in the ventricles.

143 induced postrepolarization refractoriness in atria but not in ventricles.

144 e level, to mimic control and Pitx2-knockout atria by incorporating recent experimental data on Pitx2

145 Cardioneuroablation was performed in both atria by interatrial septum puncture, with irrigated con

146 ently and reliably terminate AT if the human atria can be successfully light-sensitized via gene deli

147 Arrhythmias, including those in the atria, can arise as a result of electrical remodelling o

148 isk patients appropriately, whilst ORBIT and ATRIA categorised most major bleeds into their 'low-risk

149 at the channel is predominantly expressed in atria compared to the ventricular myocytes.

150 rovement was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.25) for ATRIA compared with CHA2DS2-VASc.

151 patients also had dilated and impaired left atria compared with control subjects (all P<0.001).

152 Using biophysically-detailed human atria computer models, this study investigated the mecha

153 ed alternation of electrical activity in the atria contributes to arrhythmogenesis is unknown.

154 ibrillation-Cardiovascular Research Network (ATRIA-CVRN) study within Kaiser Permanente Northern and

155 as performed from 10 right atria and 10 left atria data sets, including 86 axial LGE CMR planes per a

156 In the atria, DiI-labeled vagal efferent axons formed basket en

157 th baskets in left (n = 17) or both (n = 14) atria during superior pulmonary vein pacing at cycle len

158 endocardial cells in the outflow cushion and atria earlier than in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region

159 ow clinical AF may be sustained in patients' atria, emphasizing heterogeneities in tissue excitabilit

160 MicroRNA-26 was downregulated in canine AF atria; experimental microRNA-26 knockdown reproduced AF-

161 establish normal electrogram criteria in the atria for both 3.5-mm electrode tip linear catheters (Th

162 found that oxidized CaMKII was increased in atria from AF patients compared with patients in sinus r

163 TRPC3 expression was upregulated in atria from AF patients, goats with electrically maintain

164 In the atria from mice predisposed to abnormal calcium releases

165 Furthermore, atria from sarcolipin-null mice showed a blunted respons

166 c skeleton, and to electrically insulate the atria from the ventricles.

167 Increased histone H4-acetylation in atria from VPA-treated transgenic mice verified effectiv

168 c (shorter deceleration time and larger left atria) function compared with SR.

169 ised by irregular electrical activity in the atria, generally associated with erratic excitation unde

170 risk score, from 81% for ATRIA=3 to 73% for ATRIA>/=5 (P<0.001).

171 Scn2b null atria had normal levels of sodium current density compar

172 The left and right atria have different susceptibilities toward developing

173 iction scores have been described: HAS-BLED, ATRIA, HEMORR2HAGES and ORBIT.

174 ltiple nNav transcripts are higher in SAN vs atria; heterogeneous alterations of several isoforms, sp

175 matin immunoprecipitation assays using E13.5 atria identified classic atrial-ventricular identity gen

176 We show evidence that ATria identifies three different kinds of "important" no

177 eep sequenced wildtype and Tbx5-mutant mouse atria, identifying 2600 novel Tbx5-dependent ncRNAs.

178 s (mean, 175 +/- 18 ms) were present in both atria in 11 of 12 patients.

179 lysis of repeated 30 s recordings of beating atria in 381 live, intact zebrafish embryos at 2 and 5 d

180 t that it will only activate portions of the atria in a 1:1 manner, the rest of the atria will be act

181 , underlying the paramount importance of the atria in optimal heart performance.

182 Ang II also increased fibrosis in both atria in wild-type mice, whereas Ang II-treated NPR-C(-/

183 d with 15 endocardial electrograms from both atria including the highest DF site, which was predeterm

184 ctrical heterogeneity between left and right atria increases; and 2) Increased fibrosis and decreased

185 clonal proliferative activity throughout the atria, indicating the suppressive role of Nkx2-5 in card

186 on frequency in right atria (RA) versus left atria (LA) in patients, but the underlying molecular and

187 es from structural abnormalities in the left atria (LA).

188 can efficiently and reliably terminate AT in atria light-sensitized via gene delivery.

189 In the atria, MEF2A regulated genes involved in fibrosis and ad

190 e normalized to ablation lesion area in both atria, mm(3)/mm(2)0.5+/-0.10.4+/-0.11.5+/-1.10.8+/-0.3Th

191 -3.723.3+/-6.4Total thrombus volume in right atria, mm(3)117.7+/-21.587.8+/-17.269.1+/-16.1107.8+/-23

192 /-4.132.8+/-8.3Total thrombus volume in both atria, mm(3)140.5+/-21.399.7+/-16.886.1+/-17.5131.1+/-22

193 +/-577+/-695+/-3Mean thrombus volume in both atria, mm(3)20.8+/-3.414.9+/-2.212.2+/-2.622.5+/-5.6Mean

194 7.5131.1+/-22.7Total thrombus volume in left atria, mm(3)22.8+/-5.311.8+/-3.317.0+/-3.723.3+/-6.4Tota

195 +/-1.68.1+/-3.3Mean thrombus volume in right atria, mm(3)30.1+/-5.422.7+/-4.317.9+/-4.132.8+/-8.3Tota

196 +/-2.622.5+/-5.6Mean thrombus volume in left atria, mm(3)8.2+/-1.54.0+/-0.95.5+/-1.68.1+/-3.3Mean thr

197 ere mapped simultaneously in explanted human atria (n=11) by subsurface near-infrared optical mapping

198 Optical mapping of coronary-perfused atria (n=24) revealed that adenosine perfusion (10-100 m

199 near lesions were created in isolated rabbit atria (n=6), and point lesions were created in the ventr

200 tion of action potential duration (APD90) in atria, no effect on APD90 in ventricular myocardium, and

201 MiR29b expression was also reduced in the atria of chronic AF patients (by 54% versus sinus rhythm

202 Direct contact mapping was performed in left atria of goats with acute AF (n=6) or persistent AF (n=5

203 ctroporation to facilitate gene delivery) in atria of healthy dogs followed by rapid atrial pacing.

204 t, we show that a computational model of the atria of patients identifies fibrotic tissue that, if ab

205 We show that RyR2 are oxidized in the atria of patients with chronic AF compared with individu

206 e miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25 were lower in atria of patients with paroxysmal AF when compared with

207 hat the level of RyR2 protein is elevated in atria of patients with paroxysmal AF, suggesting that mi

208 P1R3A was progressively downregulated in the atria of patients with paroxysmal and persistent (chroni

209 encies (DFs) of activation are higher in the atria of patients with persistent than paroxysmal atrial

210 Little is known about how the normal atria of the heart remodel with age and thus why dysfunc

211 he most common arrhythmia being found in the atria of the heart.

212 s and Nox4 expression were documented in the atria of transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of

213 METHODS AND Atria of young (TGy, before AF onset) and old (TGo, afte

214 ie-adenovirus (CAR) proteins were reduced in atria of ZO-1cKO.

215 ration of atrial fibrillation (AF), enlarged atria, or failed catheter ablation have advanced AF and

216 ranscripts, animal models, chronic AF, right atria, or small samples.

217 es), localized electrical sources within the atria, or some other mechanism.

218 Adding 'labile INR' to ATRIA, ORBIT and HEMORR2HAGES improved their predictive

219 the 'labile INR' criteria (i.e. TTR <65%) to ATRIA, ORBIT and HEMORR2HAGES increased their ability of

220 Bleeding risk was assessed by the HAS-BLED, ATRIA, ORBIT and HEMORR2HAGES scores.

221 wn centrality algorithms and demonstrate how ATria overcomes several of their shortcomings.

222 Patients with MVR had larger atria (p < 0.0001), lower left ventricular ejection frac

223 atients with broad CV restitution had larger atria (p = 0.03) and were more likely to have persistent

224 vation in both ipsilateral and contralateral atria (P<0.05 for both), whereas ablation of nonrotor do

225 nsforms; CARTO-Finder) of the left and right atria (PentaRay catheter).

226 with a higher activation frequency in right atria (RA) versus left atria (LA) in patients, but the u

227 In the remaining 3 atria, ranolazine reduced frequency and duration of AF.

228 In atria, ranolazine slightly prolonged action potential du

229 2-dimensional atrial sheet; (2) isolated rat atria recorded with a multi-electrode array (n=12); (3)

230 in the function of both normal and diseased atria remains poorly understood.

231 lly detailed, 3D computer model of the human atria representing electrical and structural remodeling

232 improvement compared with HEMORR(2)HAGES and ATRIA, respectively) and receiver-operating characterist

233 and 0.50 for HAS-BLED vs. HEMORR(2)AGES and ATRIA, respectively).

234 the SVC and RUPV flow to the right and left atria, respectively, by implantation of a covered stent

235 atrium (RA), the left atrium (LA), and both atria, respectively, were analyzed.

236 uctural analysis of adult Pam (Myh6-cKO/cKO) atria revealed a 13-fold drop in the number of secretory

237 all regions of the allograft (right and left atria, right and left ventricles, coronary arteries) com

238 fidence interval [CI]: 0.69 to 0.71) for the ATRIA risk score, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.69) for CHADS2

239 Whether the ATRIA scheme can adequately identify patients who are at

240 An ATRIA score >3 was not significantly associated with the

241 9) was significantly higher than that of the ATRIA score (0.593) in this "low-risk" category (p < 0.0

242 eclassification index by 11.7% compared with ATRIA score (p < 0.0001).

243 The CHA2DS2-VASc score performed better than ATRIA score in predicting ischemic stroke as assessed by

244 s categorized as low-risk on the basis of an ATRIA score of 0 to 5, the CHA2DS2-VASc scores ranged fr

245 The ATRIA score performed better in the U.K. Clinical Practi

246 tients categorized as low-risk by use of the ATRIA score were not necessarily low-risk, and the annua

247 ion and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) score, was proposed for risk stratification in pa

248 or hs-cTnT and P=0.022 hs-cTnI) and 0.61 for ATRIA scores (P=0.005 hs-cTnT and P=0.034 for hs-cTnI).

249 performed better than the HEMORR(2)HAGES and ATRIA scores, as reflected by ROC analysis, reclassifica

250 ion and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) scores, respectively.

251 and anticoagulation and risk factors in AF (ATRIA) scores, respectively.

252 Histological review of surgically resected atria showed giant cell and lymphocytic infiltrates, lym

253 ing AF, electrograms were recorded from both atria simultaneously for 1 to 5 minutes from 510 to 512

254 and CHADS2 ischemic stroke risk scores with ATRIA stroke risk score and their implications for antic

255 rformed better than both the CHA2DS2VASc and ATRIA stroke scores.

256 Isolated left atria studied on a multielectrode array revealed modest

257 th fluorophore penetrating more readily into atria than ventricles.

258 COUP-TFII ablation produces ventricularized atria that exhibit ventricle-like action potentials, inc

259 ovel variant of GCM, primarily involving the atria, that displays distinctive clinical features and f

260 In isolated canine left atria, the effects of vernakalant and ranolazine were ch

261 Pacing from the atria, the ventricles, and the isolated atrial segment a

262 reviated atrial APD non-uniformly across the atria; this resulted in relatively short APDs co-existin

263 structural and electrical remodeling of the atria, thus contributing to atrial fibrillation perpetua

264 n of arrhythmias in the chronic AF-remodeled atria, thus playing an important role in the progression

265 ysis shows the relationships between AVC and atria to be clonal and that right and left progenitors d

266 from clinical MRI scans of fibrotic patient atria to explore the feasibility of optogenetic terminat

267 ng anti-TASK-1-siRNA were injected into both atria to suppress TASK-1 channel expression.

268 knockout of SK2 channels may predispose the atria to tachy-arrhythmias due to the fact that the late

269 sent study was to compare the performance of ATRIA to that of CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure,

270 stence of accessory electrical pathways from atria to ventricles, providing the anatomical substrate

271 can rapidly conduct electrical impulses from atria to ventricles, without the intrinsic delay charact

272 Atria transduced with Lenti.EF1alpha-nNOS had higher nNO

273 S had higher nNOS expression compared to the atria treated with Lenti.EF1alpha-eGFP (P < 0.05).

274 meostasis and electrical stability in murine atria under stress conditions.

275 tissue structures such as cell alignment in atria, valves and vessels at an unprecedented level of d

276 3 transcript was undetectable in adult mouse atria, ventricles, and adrenal glands, but Kcne3(-/-) mi

277 Atria versus ventricles have lower I(K1), resulting in m

278 referentially suppressed these parameters in atria versus ventricles, but to a much lesser extent tha

279 MR patients had larger left atria (volume index: 32 cm(3)/m(2) vs. 26 cm(3)/m(2), p

280 that elevated propensity to CDA rendered the atria vulnerable to ectopy-induced arrhythmia.

281 d biophysical models of the entire 3D canine atria was developed.

282 LGE CMR of both atria was performed, and NEEES-based analysis was conduc

283 A multi-scale model of the human atria was updated to incorporate detailed experimental d

284 Atria weight normalized to total heart weight was signif

285 Atria were analyzed macroscopically and using widefield

286 rat atrial cardiomyocyte cultures and intact atria were burst paced to induce reentry.

287 atrioventricular dissociation, and in 1 the atria were dissociated from the circuit with atrial over

288 The aortic arch and atria were examined by using confocal microscopy.

289 , which is predominantly expressed in normal atria, were increased 12- and 6-fold, respectively.

290 ate that ANP sped electric conduction in the atria, whereas mANP did the opposite and slowed atrial c

291 bute to the atrioventricular canal (AVC) and atria, whereas those more caudal generate the sinus veno

292 structural and electrical remodelling in the atria, which are associated with a high recurrence of AF

293 pression profiles between the left and right atria, which may yield insight into increased the arrhyt

294 f the atria in a 1:1 manner, the rest of the atria will be activated rapidly but irregularly (i.e., v

295 AF was sequentially mapped in both atria with a 20-pole PentaRay catheter.

296 fective in suppressing atrial arrhythmias in atria with reduced Pitx2c mRNA levels (Pitx2c(+/-)).

297 tions, precluding continuous mapping of both atria with sufficient resolution.

298 expression levels were higher in SAN than in atria, with SAN to right atrium ratios of 6.1+/-0.9 and

299 sphorylation (CamKII-dependent S2814) in the atria, without corresponding alterations in the ventricl

300 de field-of-view (panoramic) mapping of both atria would identify causal mechanisms for AF and allow