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1 well as therapeutic treatments of HPAI H7N7 avian influenza virus.
2 during human infection with pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus.
3 vaccine is urgently needed against the H7N9 avian influenza virus.
4 ls to effectively control a modified form of avian influenza virus.
5 ns, the avian protozoan Eimeria tenella, and avian influenza virus.
6 erity of both seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
7 ed by furin, a hallmark of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
8 esence of a PB2 gene segment derived from an avian influenza virus.
9 DCs in the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
10 and ferrets higher than that in an authentic avian influenza virus.
11 its coding sequences are very like those of avian influenza virus.
12 the high mortality of human infected by H5N1 avian influenza virus.
13 uction of neutralizing Abs specific for H5N1 avian influenza virus.
14 rus, whatever its origin, is very similar to avian influenza virus.
15 tects ferrets against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
16 lerable vaccine with broad immunogenicity to avian influenza virus.
17 vaccines may help promote protection against avian influenza virus.
18 h the severity of infection with seasonal or avian influenza virus.
19 PAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
20 with activity against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses.
21 hanisms of the differential pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses.
22 ent barrier against zoonotic transmission of avian influenza viruses.
23 ection with both low- and high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses.
24 ing of the species barrier compared to other avian influenza viruses.
25 so that it is similar to that observed from avian influenza viruses.
26 the virus is a reassortant of H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses.
27 infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza viruses.
28 n of the neuraminidase (NA) of H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses.
29 tained replication in humans attenuates H5N1 avian influenza viruses.
30 minants that govern airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses.
31 velopment of pandemic influenza strains from avian influenza viruses.
32 time is posed by the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses.
33 ght confer heterosubtypic protection against avian influenza viruses.
34 ring therapeutic protection against human or avian influenza viruses.
35 at human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
36 redict the pandemic potential of circulating avian influenza viruses.
37 thought to potentiate antigenic diversity in avian influenza viruses.
38 clear distinction between human-adapted and avian influenza viruses.
39 ltry farms in northwest Iowa for exposure to avian influenza viruses.
40 s virus can also reassort with H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses.
41 the assessment of the pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses.
42 s containing various combinations of Cal and avian influenza virus A/chicken/Nanchang/3-120/01 (H3N2)
43 Here, we characterize a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus, A/chicken/Israel/810/2001 (H9N2)
44 mportant role in the evolutionary biology of avian influenza viruses-a manifestation of the "storage
46 rase genes are known to play a major role in avian influenza virus adaptation to mammalian hosts.
47 nd continuance today of a highly lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) causing human disease has ra
48 ement of the human-origin PA gene segment in avian influenza virus (AIV) could overcome barriers to c
50 Vs in fruit bats and serological evidence of avian influenza virus (AIV) H9 infection in frugivorous
52 ainst H7 (52%), H5 (55%) and H9 (6%) subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in egg yolk samples, and 45%
53 arly diagnosis of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) is significant for preventin
56 ve bird markets (LBMs) are major targets for avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance programmes.
59 y nodes, we infer that the internal genes of avian influenza virus (AIV) underwent a global selective
60 ratory birds in the ecology and evolution of avian influenza virus (AIV), there is a lack of informat
64 sence of detectable antibodies in serum) for avian influenza viruses (AIV) among 4,485 birds, from 11
65 focus of surveillance activities monitoring avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating in poultry.
68 glycoproteins and internal gene segments of avian influenza viruses (AIV) sampled from wild birds.
70 Novel reassortants of H7N9, H10N8, and H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are currently circulating
73 ces can result in variable susceptibility of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) carrying resistance-assoc
74 Outbreaks of highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause considerable econom
77 TANCE The frequency of human infections with avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has increased in recent y
80 viously found during OS and ZAN selection in avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the N3 to N9 subtypes
81 Phylogenetic analysis of these two novel avian influenza viruses (AIVs) suggested that their geno
82 he best way to predict and identify emerging avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that pose a potential thr
83 of the hemaglutinin and neuramidase genes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) to identify sequences tha
84 Due to the recent concern about pandemic avian influenza virus and because CD4 T cells specific f
85 ential for reassortment of H1N1 viruses with avian influenza virus and emphasize the need for continu
86 zed human sera against the tl/TX/079/07 H3N8 avian influenza virus and observed low but detectable an
87 to primary challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and onward transmission dynamics w
88 protection in mice against clade 0, 1, and 2 avian influenza viruses and also protected against seaso
89 ccines (pLAIV) representing four subtypes of avian influenza viruses and found that pLAIVs replicate
90 ion and poultry adaptation of H9N2 and other avian influenza viruses and helps us understand the stri
91 fections may represent a portal of entry for avian influenza viruses and highlights the need to bette
92 response to the continuing evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses and human infections, new candid
93 ever, the results clearly indicate that H9N2 avian influenza viruses and pH1N1 viruses, both of which
94 nn Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) could be transferred to avian influenza viruses and produce partially attenuated
95 early apoptosis of PAM limits the spread of avian influenza viruses and that PB1-F2 could play a con
96 the innate and adaptive immune responses to avian influenza viruses and their role in disease and re
97 pandemic H1N1 virus, highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, and the recently emerged H7N9 str
99 thern Vietnam, we tested for antibodies to 5 avian influenza virus antigens, using a protein microarr
103 hosts for avian influenza viruses.IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses are capable of crossing the spec
110 humans, some (such as highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses) are capable of infecting humans
111 explanation for the loss of CpG motifs from avian influenza viruses as they adapt to mammalian hosts
112 etween antigenic drift and viral fitness for avian influenza viruses as well as the challenges of pre
114 virus differ from typical low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses at only a small number of amino
115 lication of and immune response to human and avian influenza viruses at relevant physiological temper
117 etain fusion and attachment properties of an avian influenza virus but displayed robust growth and co
118 are that a highly pathogenic strain of H7N1 avian influenza virus can be adapted to become capable o
119 d ecology of viruses in this host.IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses can jump from wild birds and pou
125 etically distinct, this virus shares several avian influenza virus characteristics suggesting a more
126 of full genome sequences from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt, underscori
130 dominated the 2009 flu season, and the H5N1 avian influenza virus continues to kill both people and
132 suggest that the Eurasian H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza virus emerged in late 2013 in China, spr
136 We found that the H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses exhibited high virulence in mice
137 these parameters among a panel of human and avian influenza viruses exhibiting diverse respiratory d
138 s utility for monitoring the evolution of H9 avian influenza viruses from China between 2005 and 2015
140 ough mutation to which functional components avian influenza viruses gain the ability to grow efficie
142 c analyses revealed the global prevalence of avian influenza virus genes whose proteins differ only a
143 ) against several NAs of wild-type human and avian influenza viruses (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9), al
145 t HA (short and long) from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and the anti-H5 HA monoclonal
146 ng contrast, immunization of humans with the avian influenza virus H5N1 induced broadly cross-reactiv
149 intranasal infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1 [A/Viet Nam/1203/2004]) in f
151 hile M2 has previously been shown to protect avian influenza virus HA proteins of the H5 and H7 subty
152 protein has previously been shown to protect avian influenza virus HA proteins that contain a polybas
154 of-function' experiments on high-consequence avian influenza viruses has highlighted the role of ferr
155 enetic clades, while reassortment with other avian influenza viruses has led to the emergence of new
156 acid substitutions in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have been shown to contribute to
159 se in southern China, highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have posed a continuous threat t
160 nuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing avian influenza virus hemagglutinins (HAs) prime for str
161 by a human isolate of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) and 1918 pandemic influenza
162 way to prevent large-scale highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in the human
165 e sustained circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 A/goose/Guangdong/199
168 hown to be associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 outbreaks in South-Ea
169 major policies to control highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in chickens.
171 on of the H5 HA of an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), A/Vietnam/1203/04 (VN1203
173 umans infected by the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) present unusually high c
175 2.2 Eurasian-lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were first detected in
176 t commonly considered intermediate hosts for avian influenza viruses.IMPORTANCE Avian influenza virus
177 t, efforts to control highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry and in humans have fail
180 nfections in humans, as well as detection of avian influenza viruses in birds in the United States.
181 s of numerous outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in commercial poultry farms.
183 The restrictions to transmissibility of avian influenza viruses in mammals are multigenic, and o
185 ow cocirculating with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in many parts of the world, rais
186 e and genetic diversity of H7N9, we surveyed avian influenza viruses in poultry in Jiangsu province w
187 gated serological profiles against human and avian influenza viruses in the general population using
188 estrict the emergence and perpetuation of HP avian influenza viruses in these natural reservoirs.
189 lls support transcription and replication of avian influenza viruses, in contrast to human cells, in
198 tance of H9N2 viruses as the source of novel avian influenza virus infections in humans requires cont
199 se of the pathogenicity and low incidence of avian influenza virus infections in humans, the immune c
201 ary endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of avian influenza virus infections is largely unknown.
204 Full length viral PB1-F2 present only in avian influenza viruses is a virulence factor that targe
206 cate that the number of humans infected with avian influenza viruses is much larger than the number o
207 sence of an aspartic acid in over 95% of all avian influenza viruses is not, resulting in a clear dis
210 Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) proteins from avian influenza viruses like the 1918 pandemic NS1 are c
211 ctural analysis.IMPORTANCE Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes can reassort with
216 r role in the epidemiology of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), which are occasionally
221 ncern in Bangladesh, where highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the A(H5N1) subtype are endem
229 on of human influenza virus strains, whereas avian influenza viruses overcome these restriction facto
230 that subvirion inactivated vaccines against avian influenza viruses, particularly H5N1, are poorly i
231 titution of human-origin PA subunits into an avian influenza virus polymerase alleviates restriction
232 in human cells, and mutations that adapt the avian influenza virus polymerase for human cells also in
233 mpletely mapping amino-acid mutations to the avian influenza virus polymerase protein PB2 that enhanc
234 e reassortment to restore the activity of an avian influenza virus polymerase that is normally impair
236 s, in contrast to human cells, in which most avian influenza virus polymerases display limited activi
238 we suggest, instead, that the restriction of avian influenza virus polymerases in human cells is the
242 The emergence of human-transmissible H5N1 avian influenza viruses poses a major pandemic threat.
243 y droplet transmission between ferrets of an avian influenza virus possessing an avian polymerase sub
246 ction for prepandemic vaccines.IMPORTANCE H7 avian influenza viruses present a serious risk to human
251 the possible role of PAM in the mediation of avian influenza virus resistance, we compared the host e
252 easing, raising concerns of the emergence of avian influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase (NA)
253 lly bind the hemagglutinin (HA) of human and avian influenza viruses, respectively, were detected on
255 number of viruses that infect lungs, such as avian influenza virus, SARS-associated coronavirus, and
256 nction (GOF) research with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome
258 nly 1918 PB2 impacts the pathogenicity of an avian influenza virus sharing high homology to the 1918
259 uenza virus strain, a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus strain, and a recently emerging H7
261 experimental evidence that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5 can acquire the ability
265 pendent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against avian influenza virus subtypes, including H7N9 and H5N1,
268 r zoonotic and pandemic emergence.IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses, such as H9N2, cause disease in
269 hical range seen in these viruses.IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses, such as H9N2, cause huge econom
271 Because pigs are more readily infected with avian influenza viruses than humans, it would seem that
272 the acquisition of the NS segment of an H5N1 avian influenza virus that had previously been overlooke
275 ows H7N9 and H5N1 as the latest in a line of avian influenza viruses that cause serious disease in hu
276 influenza viruses and for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that circulate in poultry, but m
279 d as a reservoir of internal genes for other avian influenza viruses that infect humans, and several
280 virus was similar to Eurasian avian lineage avian influenza viruses, the virus had been circulating
284 t insight into the potential for emerging H7 avian influenza viruses to acquire the ability to cause
286 been shown to play a role in the ability of avian influenza viruses to cross the species barrier, an
288 s use of the codon usage biases of human and avian influenza viruses to generate a human-derived infl
289 NAI resistance among specific NA subtypes of avian influenza viruses to help guide clinical managemen
292 for HA conformational change, may facilitate avian influenza virus transmission via respiratory dropl
293 ild birds were sampled and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in 1.3% (n = 63).
294 14, a Eurasian strain H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in Canada.
295 The pH of HA activation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses was greater than human and low-p
296 omparing human seasonal influenza strains to avian influenza viruses, we provide greater insight into
299 lobal concern persists that these or similar avian influenza viruses will evolve into viruses that ca
300 in ferrets, demonstrating that contemporary avian influenza viruses with 1918 virus-like proteins ma