ライフサイエンスコーパス: avirulent

1 dicated that biofilm-derived pneumococci are avirulent.

2 city tests showed that Ban/AF was completely avirulent.

3 velope and temporarily renders the bacterium avirulent.

4 exhibit increased pathogenicity and remained avirulent.

5 Double mutants were avirulent.

6 nd that a strain producing toxin A alone was avirulent.

7 CGD, strain CGD1 was virulent while Env1 was avirulent.

8 se model, while TrR strains lack CPS and are avirulent.

9 lysomes of mammalian host macrophages and is avirulent.

10 a, rarely enters the brain, and generally is avirulent.

11 culation, while monomicrobial infections are avirulent.

12 esponses, while monomicrobial infections are avirulent.

13 /-)) showed prolonged colonization with both avirulent (23F) and virulent (6A) pneumococcal serotypes

14 Avirulent 5ASKH-primed BALB/c mice were protected agains

15 t B. pseudomallei compared to the relatively avirulent, acapsular B. thailandensis using in vitro ana

16 The vaccine candidates were avirulent after inoculation of adult mice, and viruses w

17 t the absence of LDH renders the pneumococci avirulent after intravenous infection and leads to a sig

18 e acquisition of the virulence plasmid by an avirulent ancestor of R. equi, coevolution between the p

19 ntified P30 gliding motility mutant II-3R is avirulent and also cannot be recovered from the lungs of

20 This mutant was determined to be avirulent and cannot survive in the lungs of BALB/c mice

21 ee-week-old piglets showed that A2MC2-P90 is avirulent and elicits immune response.

22 Mutants lacking V-ATPase activity are avirulent and fail to acidify endomembrane compartments,

23 virion host shutoff function (Deltavhs) are avirulent and hypersensitive to type I and type II inter

24 cisella tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4 avirulent and incapable of intracellular replication, ow

25 mutant has wild-type responses to virulent, avirulent and non-pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syri

26 luminescent than P-form cells; they are also avirulent and produce fewer secondary metabolites.

27 succinate to fumarate renders it completely avirulent and protective against subsequent oral infecti

28 e to both oxaloacetate and pyruvate are also avirulent and protective in BALB/c mice.

29 tant lacking glucosylceramide (Deltagcs1) is avirulent and unable to reach the brain when it is admin

30 which carries the Rpp3 resistance gene, with avirulent and virulent isolates of P. pachyrhizi.

31 mains of PknB in the context of viability in avirulent and virulent mycobacteria.

32 and leukocyte recruitment in the context of avirulent and virulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) as wel

33 To select Salmonella strains that are avirulent and yet efficient in tumor targeting, a necess

34 Phase II lacks an LPS O side chain, is avirulent, and does not grow well in immunocompetent ani

35 viral infection, are highly immunogenic, are avirulent, and fail to spread.

36 rotropic NDV strain Beaudette C (BC) and the avirulent APMV-2 strain Yucaipa.

37 The mutants appeared avirulent, as all mice survived infection with 10(8) CFU

38 d from Arabidopsis leaves inoculated with an avirulent (Avr) Pseudomonas syringae strain promote resi

39 ly expressed between S. maltophilia JCMS and avirulent bacteria (Escherichia coli OP50).

40 uring both PTI and ETI, and immunity against avirulent bacteria and a virulent necrotrophic fungus.

41 mes of plants exposed to bacterial pathogen, avirulent bacteria, or salicylic acid (SA) hormone revea

42 gfs12 bchb-1 mutants, which showed elevated avirulent bacterial growth.

43 ide, which is transiently accumulated during avirulent bacterial infection and constitutively accumul

44 Interestingly, infection of plants with the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tom

45 d the transcriptional changes induced by the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tom

46 lters transcriptional changes induced by the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. to

47 se genes and resistance against virulent and avirulent bacterial pathogens.

48 ype in transgenic plants upon challenge with avirulent Blumeria graminis (wheat powdery mildew) patho

49 only in the infected tissues in response to avirulent, but not virulent pathotypes.

50 The mutant was avirulent by needle inoculation and showed decreased sur

51 to induce OM stress, renders S. Typhimurium avirulent by triggering a c-di-GMP-dependent signaling p

52 ed antigenic difference between virulent and avirulent C. burnetii is they have smooth and rough lipo

53 hage (hAM) infection in vitro and found that avirulent C. burnetii triggers sustained interleukin-1be

54 As mice exposed to avirulent C. difficile spores ingested increasing quanti

55 ng a highly virulent wild-type strain and an avirulent capsular polysaccharide mutant.

56 e the cause of competitive suppression of an avirulent clone of Plasmodium chabaudi (AS) by a virulen

57 ompetitive interactions between virulent and avirulent clones.

58 us faecium recently evolved from a generally avirulent commensal into a multidrug-resistant health ca

59 induce a protective immune response but was avirulent compared to its wild-type parent strain.

60 more quickly and strongly in response to the avirulent compared with the virulent strains of Pseudomo

61 Salmonella enterica and avirulent derivatives prefer solid tumors over normal ti

62 ty, autophagy, endocytosis, and secretion of avirulent effector.

63 In vitro, urinary catheter colonization by avirulent Escherichia coli 83972 impedes subsequent cath

64 n, the DeltapurM mutants Bp82 and Bp190 were avirulent even when they were administered at doses 4 lo

65 CJ2-gD2 is avirulent following intracerebral injection and cannot e

66 It was demonstrated that CJ9-gD is avirulent following intracerebral inoculation in mice, c

67 zing monoclonal antibody rendered the strain avirulent for causing intestinal pathology.

68 The Delta105-125 virus was avirulent for human skin in vivo.

69 ilies in the nsP3 HVD of EEEV make the virus avirulent for mice.

70 in response to Pseudomonas syringae carrying avirulent gene avrRpt2, and that self-processing of AtMC

71 ht the frequent mutation and expansion of an avirulent gene-containing SM cluster through transposabl

72 , we characterize a recent duplication of an avirulent gene-containing SM cluster, ACE1, in a clonal

73 1 inhibition when it was introduced into the avirulent Girdwood background.

74 Infection of macrophages with the avirulent H37Ra triggers production of high levels of th

75 concept in the generation of immunogenic but avirulent, herpesvirus vaccines.

76 Behavioral studies revealed that avirulent Hessian fly larvae on resistant plants exhibit

77 plant reaction that prevents the survival of avirulent HF larvae.

78 rovar Typhimurium SR-11 but does not make it avirulent; however, blocking conversion of succinate to

79 ibit elevated susceptibility to virulent and avirulent Hpa, as well as decreased callose deposition i

80 , BALB/c mice were ocularly infected with an avirulent HSV-1 strain (RE) after corneal scarification.

81 nts from mice latently infected with (i) the avirulent HSV-1 strain RE following corneal scarificatio

82 eviously shown that mixed infection with two avirulent HSV-1 strains (OD4 and CJ994) results in recom

83 unopathology during murine vaginitis to this avirulent hypofilamentous strain.

84 Finally, relatively avirulent (hypovirulent) strains were nonlethal at 20-fo

85 R. rickettsii Iowa is avirulent in a guinea pig model of infection and display

86 st to Sterne, the BaDeltaSET B. anthracis is avirulent in a lethal murine bacteremia model of infecti

87 Finally, DeltaschA was avirulent in a low dose murine infection model.

88 These strains were avirulent in a mouse infection model.

89 o environmental and chemical stress and were avirulent in a mouse inhalation model of infection.

90 The vma1::HPH mutant was avirulent in a mouse model of histoplasmosis, whereas th

91 hat deletion of asp f3 rendered A. fumigatus avirulent in a mouse model of pulmonary aspergillosis.

92 reased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and is avirulent in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis.

93 pression, a B. anthracis atxA-null mutant is avirulent in a murine model for anthrax.

94 ibility to triazole antifungal drugs, and is avirulent in a murine model of invasive pulmonary asperg

95 SK95 is avirulent in a well-established in vivo mouse model.

96 , and deletion of both genes rendered spores avirulent in A/J mice.

97 liki Forest virus (SFV; genus Alphavirus) is avirulent in adult mice, while the L10 strain is virulen

98 ure (37 degrees C) and rendered the bacteria avirulent in an animal infection model.

99 activate or damage epithelial cells and are avirulent in animal models of mucosal infection.

100 11 DeltafrdABCD DeltasdhCDA double mutant is avirulent in BALB/c mice and protective against subseque

101 The Deltaasd mutant was found to be avirulent in BALB/c mice, and mice vaccinated with the m

102 hickens, they all were highly restricted and avirulent in both species.

103 y, the membrane nitrate reductase mutant was avirulent in C. elegans, while nitrate sensor-response r

104 APMV-7 is avirulent in chickens and is limited in tropism to the u

105 In contrast, APMV-2 is avirulent in chickens.

106 it does not form syncytia, and the virus is avirulent in chickens.

107 S gene cluster resulted in strains that were avirulent in hamsters.

108 d exhibits high virulence in mice, but it is avirulent in healthy humans.

109 que-phenotype virus, DeltagI virus, which is avirulent in human skin using the xenograft model of VZV

110 Integration of IL-15 renders Wyeth vaccinia avirulent in immunodeficient mice and enhances anti-vacc

111 ts, while a low-passaged strain (P2) remains avirulent in infected animals.

112 the secretion of virulence determinants, and avirulent in infection models.

113 Loss of pVAPN rendered R. equi avirulent in macrophages and mice.

114 KBMA B. anthracis vaccines were avirulent in mice and induced less injection site inflam

115 We found that a vgrG-5 DeltaCTD mutant is avirulent in mice and is unable to stimulate the fusion

116 Ft.LVS::Deltawzy was avirulent in mice and, despite expressing only 1 repeati

117 quired 2'-deoxycoformycin for growth and was avirulent in mice with no persistence after a 4-week inf

118 ficient parasites proliferate slowly and are avirulent in mice.

119 ed in replication within macrophages and are avirulent in mouse models of tularemia.

120 B. cereus G9241 was avirulent in New Zealand rabbits after subcutaneous inoc

121 Consequently, DeltavisP is avirulent in systemic murine infections, where VisP acts

122 red the highly virulent type C strain CN3685 avirulent in the intragastric model and nearly nonlethal

123 line in their cell wall, and were completely avirulent in the mouse intraperitoneal model.

124 represses the P(MET3) promoter), and it was avirulent in the mouse model of systemic candidiasis.

125 osphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) pathway, is avirulent in the mouse model of systemic candidiasis.

126 deficient for intramacrophage growth, and is avirulent in the mouse model.

127 pe II capsular polysaccharide were virtually avirulent in the murine sepsis model, in sharp contrast

128 This strain was also avirulent in the Syrian hamster challenge model.

129 efg1/efg1 cph1/cph1 double mutant was almost avirulent in Tl mutant flies.

130 th conditions, the orlA mutant was virtually avirulent in two distinct murine models of invasive pulm

131 A strain deficient for SSO1327 is avirulent in vivo, but still elicits a host immune respo

132 ia rickettsii, the virulent R strain and the avirulent Iowa strain.

133 The avirulent isolate Hawaii 94-1 elicits hypersensitive cel

134 th beta-amino-butyric acid (BABA) or with an avirulent isolate of the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae p

135 tor protein, designated AsES, produced by an avirulent isolate of the strawberry pathogen Acremonium

136 Insertional mutagenesis generated avirulent isolates of A. baumannii and verified that six

137 major variance detected between virulent and avirulent isolates, implicating its role in attenuation.

138 Mice were infected with virulent (McKrae) or avirulent (KOS and RE) strains of HSV-1, and virus titer

139 Both virulent and avirulent L. major strains grew comparably in culture, b

140 We show that DEP and H37Ra, an avirulent laboratory strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosi

141 tes, as revealed by immunodetection, but the avirulent larvae were deterred from feeding and consumed

142 ent study, mice were vaccinated with a novel avirulent, live attenuated virus (0DeltaNLS) or an adjuv

143 genomic sequence has been determined is the avirulent LT2 strain, which is extensively used in genet

144 red, and RPE and THP-1 cells were exposed to avirulent M tuberculosis H37Ra.

145 entially used by virulent mycobacteria since avirulent M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) fails

146 Here, we purified LM from the avirulent M. smegmatis and the virulent M. tuberculosis

147 -terminal PASTA domain is dispensable in the avirulent M. smegmatis, all four PASTA domains are essen

148 od transcriptomics profiling of virulent and avirulent malaria shows the validity of this approach to

149 system to discriminate between virulent and avirulent microbes.

150 f "RRQKR downward arrowF" was modified to an avirulent motif "GRQGR downward arrowL" by three amino a

151 at in macrophages (Mvarphis), infection with avirulent Mtb H37Ra resulted in inhibition of necrosis b

152 rather than host specific, populations of an avirulent mutant cycled with seasons similarly to the wi

153 One of the 39 avirulent mutants is disrupted in a divergent ortholog o

154 ssion can protect clonal populations against avirulent mutants that exploit and subvert the division

155 these findings demonstrate that virulent and avirulent mycobacteria employ distinct pathways for regu

156 ling events differ in virulent compared with avirulent mycobacteria.

157 LM from virulent M.tb (TB-LM), but not from avirulent Myocobacterium smegmatis (SmegLM), is a potent

158 genes were exchanged individually between an avirulent NDV strain, LaSota, and an intermediate virule

159 However, it remains unknown if avirulent Nine Mile phase II (NMII) can infect and repli

160 lent C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I (NMI) and avirulent Nine Mile phase II (NMII) were able to infect

161 how this goal can be addressed using cps, an avirulent, nonreplicating uracil auxotroph strain of the

162 The avirulent nonreverting DeltaOMPDC and DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP

163 xoplasma gondii KU80 knockouts to develop an avirulent nonreverting pyrimidine auxotroph strain.

164 European VHSV strain (DK-3592B) and a trout-avirulent North American VHSV strain (MI03).

165 The DeltatatC strain was almost completely avirulent on Arabidopsis seedlings and was delayed in at

166 ns, including Schu S4, while it is absent in avirulent or less virulent strains.

167 ivation in TG of mice latently infected with avirulent or virulent HSV-1.

168 and rapid growth of both itself and normally avirulent organisms.

169 ineered to express Escherichia coli LpxL are avirulent owing to constitutive production of lipopolysa

170 ons, resistance protein-mediated response to avirulent P. sojae strains may function in an SA-indepen

171 elevation of cytosolic calcium triggered by avirulent P. syringae was compromised in crt1-2 crh1-1 p

172 developed the molecular clones for both the avirulent P2 and virulent P18 viruses.

173 Comparative sequence analysis of the avirulent P2 strain of PICV and the virulent P18 strain

174 a(2)m(-/-)), or WT mice to infection with an avirulent parasite strain.

175 F1 progeny were recovered from selfing of an avirulent parent, suggesting a reservoir of cryptic alle

176 report here that activation of cell death by avirulent pathogen or UV treatment induces expression of

177 These plants were less resistant to the avirulent pathogen potato virus Y and the virulent patho

178 Reovirus is an avirulent pathogen that elicits protective immunity, but

179 aired the hypersensitive response (HR) to an avirulent pathogen.

180 ollowing PAMP treatment or infection with an avirulent pathogen.

181 t innate immune response phenotypes (HR and [avirulent] pathogen-induced NO elevation in leaves) are

182 earlier and to a higher level in response to avirulent pathogens compared to virulent pathogens.

183 The spread of invading avirulent pathogens is prevented by spatial restriction,

184 tized toward a subsequent pathogen attack by avirulent pathogens or by chemicals such as beta-aminobu

185 ulfment by neutrophils, while phenotypically avirulent pathogens remained in the intestinal lumen and

186 induced after infection of both virulent and avirulent pathogens similarly to the other negative defe

187 athogen resistance against both virulent and avirulent pathogens, and elevated accumulation of salicy

188 and are necessary for the immune response to avirulent pathogens.

189 initiate the hypersensitive response (HR) to avirulent pathogens.

190 interactions involving resistant plants and avirulent pest arthropods are mediated by constitutively

191 siveness of PV harboring virulent phase I or avirulent phase II C. burnetii variants in human mononuc

192 A lysine at E2 247 conferred a small-plaque avirulent phenotype and glutamic acid a large-plaque vir

193 deficient SCID mice, it could not rescue the avirulent phenotype of the rrp2 mutant.

194 pathoadaptation or the within-host spread of avirulent phenotypes.

195 vaccination with virulent (PI-WCV), but not avirulent (PII-WCV) whole-cell inactivated bacterium.

196 tively dispersed bacteria were compared with avirulent planktonic bacteria.

197 analyzed the genetic differences between an avirulent plant isolate and a pathogenic strain causing

198 n prevent transformation of nonencapsulated, avirulent pneumococci into capsulated, virulent strains

199 at transferring SK95 cps into noncapsulated, avirulent pneumococcus gave it the capacity for virulenc

200 vasion, can induce axenic differentiation of avirulent promastigotes into virulent amastigotes.

201 homolog, displayed compromised resistance to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arab

202 ts exhibiting enhanced susceptibility to the avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pathogen DC3000 (avrPphB)

203 DP-Rib polymer increase after infection with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 avrRpt2(

204 mpromised in resistance to both virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains.

205 gulated during infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae.

206 st DC3000 infection, but contributes less to avirulent Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2)-induced PA production.

207 as more profound in virulent Pst DC3000 than avirulent Pst DC3000 (carrying the avirulence gene avrRp

208 susceptibility to virulent (Pst DC3000) and avirulent (Pst DC3000 AvrRPM1) P. syringae strains, cons

209 ii Morgan and R strains were compared to the avirulent R. rickettsii Iowa and virulent R. rickettsii

210 in developing potential therapeutics and an avirulent rabies vaccine.

211 ith jasmonic acid, abscisic acid or with the avirulent race, CYR23, of the stripe rust pathogen Pucci

212 lt of defeated qualitative resistance due to avirulent races, or they have epistatic effects on quali

213 ed leaves, and haustoria in the investigated avirulent races.

214 used, KOS (wild type [WT]), and Deltavhs, an avirulent recombinant lacking the virion host shutoff (v

215 e-chase experiments revealed that A774wt and avirulent recombinant virus were characterized by increa

216 boratory mice, while Sindbis virus (SINV) is avirulent regardless of dose or inoculation route, depen

217 pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its avirulent relative Mycobacterium smegmatis.

218 pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its avirulent relative Mycobacterium smegmatis.

219 genes containing segments from virulent and avirulent retroviruses.

220 matography of proteins from the ungerminated avirulent rust spores led to the purification and identi

221 e also tested a metabolically competent, but avirulent, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutan

222 evolution of a pathogenic bacterium from an avirulent saprophyte.

223 eriment, the molecularly cloned genome of an avirulent SMV strain was converted to virulent variants

224 The avirulent South American strain was also sensitive to hu

225 of a virulent North American strain and the avirulent South American strain were constructed.

226 pseudomallei and the closely related nearly avirulent species Burkholderia thailandensis to predatio

227 or antibiotic resistance genes and immunizes avirulent staphylococci to prevent the spread of plasmid

228 get virulence genes, kills virulent, but not avirulent, Staphylococcus aureus.

229 Avirulent stocks of Leishmania not expressing surface gp

230 rtial gain of function in the chimeric trout-avirulent strain (22% mortality) and complete loss of vi

231 in complete gain of function in the chimeric avirulent strain (82% mortality), again with complete lo

232 ur virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the

233 of a naturally occurring virulent strain, an avirulent strain can be functionally converted to a viru

234 e trimethylated lysine residues, whereas the avirulent strain contains mainly monomethyllysine.

235 lent RRV strain T48 with that from the mouse-avirulent strain DC5692 generated a virus that was atten

236 formans and a cap59 gene-disrupted acapsular avirulent strain derived from the same genetic backgroun

237 he Type I ROP-18 virulence determinant in an avirulent strain did not confer the evasive phenotype.

238 The avirulent strain failed to reduce CD40 relocation to the

239 The avirulent strain induced less IL-10, but higher IL-12, i

240 ite that are nonconserved between BC and the avirulent strain LaSota.

241 Furthermore, OmpB from the avirulent strain Madrid E contains mostly monomethyllysi

242 inine methyl ester was coinoculated with the avirulent strain of P. syringae pv phaseolicola into tob

243 We transformed an avirulent strain of Parastagonospora nodorum as well as

244 roducing nadC lines are more resistant to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst-

245 and P. syringae pv tomato (Pst) but not the avirulent strain of Pst that carries AvrRpt2 effector.

246 n (D27-pLpxL) and demonstrate here that this avirulent strain retains the capacity to prime protectiv

247 strains grew comparably in culture, but the avirulent strain survived significantly less in BALB/c-d

248 in KPNA1 reduction, whereas infection by an avirulent strain, Ingelvac PRRS modified live virus (MLV

249 M. tuberculosis H37Ra (TBa), an avirulent strain, is used as a surrogate for virulent tu

250 virulence of R. rickettsii, the genome of an avirulent strain, R. rickettsii Iowa, was sequenced and

251 tivating macrophages than were those from an avirulent strain, suggesting a role in disease.

252 nt strain with that of a naturally occurring avirulent strain.

253 al adaptive immunity than the exposure to an avirulent strain.

254 n dynamics and the emergence of virulent and avirulent strains and provides novel insight for approac

255 ructural detail of the LMs from virulent and avirulent strains is limited as is knowledge regarding t

256 mutational studies have been performed with avirulent strains of Francisella, relatively little has

257 synthesis of IFN-beta is markedly induced by avirulent strains of Gram-negative bacteria, Yersinia an

258 The time to explant reactivation of avirulent strains of HSV-1 was similar to that of the vi

259 Our results suggest that the avirulent strains of HSV-1, even after corneal scarifica

260 he onset of sepsis by i.v. administration of avirulent strains of Listeria monocytogenes and Escheric

261 paramyxoviruses, including neurovirulent and avirulent strains of NDV.

262 thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato gene

263 severe disease symptoms when inoculated with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, alt

264 y, compared to the wild-type plants, against avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3

265 st infection of non-pathogenic, virulent and avirulent strains of Pst.

266 The PTVI pathway is preferentially used by avirulent strains of T. gondii and confers an infectious

267 ana is hypersusceptible to both virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas

268 ed susceptibility to TMV and to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas

269 Inoculation with virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas

270 Although infections with either virulent or avirulent strains of the pathogens increase SA concentra

271 d EDS1 signal effector-triggered immunity to avirulent strains of these pathogens.

272 The virulent and the avirulent strains reciprocally modulated CD40-induced Ra

273 Both avirulent strains showed similar changes in proteome pro

274 Avirulent strains that induced programmed cell death (PC

275 genetic alterations incurred in virulent and avirulent strains, as well as the sequence changes accum

276 y of G. vaginalis may result in virulent and avirulent strains.

277 roteins) responsible for mouse resistance to avirulent strains.

278 from meat were clustered with those of mouse-avirulent strains.

279 determinant differentiating virulent versus avirulent strains.

280 o phenotypically virulent and phenotypically avirulent subpopulations.

281 lular acidification of Salmonella renders it avirulent, suggesting that acid stress pathways represen

282 e, whereas the combined gra7rop18 mutant was avirulent, suggesting these proteins act together in the

283 i.p. vaccination of MyD88(-/-) mice with an avirulent T. gondii uracil auxotroph elicited robust IFN

284 , while the H7N8 LPAI virus largely remained avirulent, the H7N8 HPAI virus exhibited greater infecti

285 als is highly strain dependent, ranging from avirulent to highly neuropathogenic.

286 uences at the cleavage site with those of an avirulent type of HA (M2del11-HAavir virus).

287 train Schu S4 differ from those of the human avirulent U112.

288 inical isolate, and laboratory strain R6, an avirulent, unencapsulated derivative of strain D39.

289 A live, nonreplicating avirulent uracil auxotroph vaccine strain (cps) of Toxop

290 On inoculation with avirulent urediniospores, it is phosphorylated in vivo w

291 rAMPV3 represents an avirulent vaccine vector that can be used against NDV an

292 hesize the siderophore were both essentially avirulent via subcutaneous injection (bubonic plague mod

293 These avirulent viral variants acquire positively charged amin

294 mparative genomics between a virulent and an avirulent virus strain and construct chimeras to map the

295 rthern Spain, as well as a third, relatively avirulent virus.

296 and were induced only by neurovirulent, not avirulent, virus infection.

297 organs of the infected animals, whereas the avirulent viruses were effectively controlled and cleare

298 t L. lactis strain (lacks SpyCEP), which was avirulent when administered intramuscularly, infection w

299 Since a cpxA mutant is avirulent while a cpxR mutant is fully virulent in human

300 restriction by analyzing the replication of avirulent (WNV-MAD78) and highly virulent (WNV-NY) strai