ライフサイエンスコーパス: bark

1 of Valsa canker pathogens to colonize woody bark.

2 32 mug/mL; E. faecium: MIC: 32 mug/mL) stem bark.

3 preted to indicate the turgor changes in the bark.

4 is procera protein (CP-P) isolated from root bark.

5 stems was detected in the parenchyma of the bark.

6 mimicking natural meetings that occur under bark.

7 environmental sources, such as soil and tree bark.

8 be found in ant nests and, especially, under bark.

9 ctions during lignification in Norway spruce bark.

10 ignin polymer in Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark.

11 adaptations to wood colonization through the bark.

12 e thickness and organization of the external bark.

13 key component of a medicinal herb, Magnolia bark.

14 from long-lived buds that lie underneath the bark [1], resulting in persistent bark cracking and deep

15 latively frequent byproduct of burning birch bark (a natural tinder) under common, i.e., aerobic, con

16 The combination of an entry tunnel through bark, a cambium mother gallery, and up to 11 eggs placed

17 g aggression, as well as between male vervet barks (additionally recorded in South Africa) in leopard

18 ica, Aegle marmelos flower, A. marmelos root bark, Aerva lanata, Asteracantha longifolia, Cassia auri

19 ymerization increased dramatically in spruce bark after infection by C. polonica.

20 derived (poly)lignans in the needles, stems, bark and branches, as well as for massive accumulation o

21 ation of JA-biosynthesis genes in inoculated bark and core tissues further suggest that phloem and xy

22 y the roles of native forest, vineyard soil, bark and fruit habitats as sources of fungal diversity i

23 The extracts were prepared from the inner bark and heartwood of samples harvested in the 2015 to 2

24 ommunity structure differed strongly between bark and leaf samples, with bark samples harbouring much

25 0-mo-old CCR-down-regulated trees, including bark and less efficiently down-regulated trees, still yi

26 ent-grade ellagic acid was sourced from tree bark and pomegranate hulls, respectively.

27 Extracts of Solanum aculeastrum root bark and Sesamum calycinum subsp. angustifolium leaves e

28 undemanding connection between burning birch bark and the production of birch tar would have been rea

29 The duplicated genome size enlarged bark and wood layers in twigs sampled in the field.

30 the maximum fire temperatures experienced by bark and wood materials, but not based on leaf- and need

31 nthetic analgesic, has now been found in the bark and wood of roots of the African medicinal tree Nau

32 We reviewed the literature on trapping bark and woodboring beetles and their associates and con

33 lopmental factors that lead to both frequent barking and barking in many contexts.

34 mpounds are quinine, extracted from cinchona bark, and artemisinin (qinghao), extracted from Artemisi

35 nd to have 'cage'-like architecture, thicker bark, and less starch storage, while fire-adapted specie

36 'pole'-like architecture, relatively thinner bark, and more starch storage.

37 ers (PBDEs) were measured in needle, branch, bark, and tree ring samples in pine samples collected at

38 increasingly resemble fungi present on vine bark as the ferment proceeds.

39 tree inner wood via direct-transfer through bark, as one contributing mechanism to describe atmosphe

40 A bark-associated life style on tree trunks is ancestral f

41 These results show a link between bark-associated microbiota and tree health that introduc

42 ase Pseudomonas syringae pv aesculi, and the bark-associated microbiota of horse chestnut (Aesculus h

43 of an exemplary species, the European spruce bark beetle (ESBB) (Ips typographus) and present a multi

44 ates has not increased in direct response to bark beetle activity.

45 We find that biomass killed by bark beetle attacks across beetle-affected areas in west

46 However, for projecting future bark beetle dynamics there is a critical lack of evidenc

47 It has also strongly influenced our views of bark beetle ecology.

48 imilar to plants but unique to animals, some bark beetle genera (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) produce mono

49 ity of VOC emissions can be used to identify bark beetle infestation but, more importantly, can lead

50 beta-phellandrene emissions correlated with bark beetle infestation.

51 during 2002-2003 in response to drought and bark beetle infestations.

52 2-2003 in response to drought and associated bark beetle infestations.

53 ganic compounds (VOCs) were sampled i.) from bark beetle infested and healthy lodgepole pine (Pinus c

54 The samples from bark beetle infested lodgepole pine trees suggest a 5- t

55 iated microbes; and (3) implementing conifer-bark beetle interactions in current models improves pred

56 ay spruce protects itself against fungal and bark beetle invasion by the production of terpenoid resi

57 sins and phenolics in response to fungal and bark beetle invasion.

58 forests suffer periodic fatal attacks by the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associate, Ce

59 Picea abies) is periodically attacked by the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associate, En

60 hytopathogenic fungus vectored by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus.

61 Here, we used a recent bark beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

62 gh a case study featuring fire, harvest, and bark beetle outbreak, we illustrate how resultant fitted

63 son (June) and were not strongly affected by bark beetle outbreak; however, mean number of bee specie

64 Landscape-scale bark beetle outbreaks alter forest structure with direct

65 s have begun to examine the local impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in individual stands, but the full

66 cades have contributed to rapid expansion of bark beetle outbreaks killing millions of trees over a l

67 e conclude that large-scale disturbance from bark beetle outbreaks may drive shifts in pollinator com

68 simulation model to assess susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks over 130 y of stand development.

69 Climate change has amplified eruptive bark beetle outbreaks over recent decades, including spr

70 quantify the regional carbon impacts of the bark beetle outbreaks taking place in western US forests

71 development affects future susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks, focusing on mountain pine beetle

72 of forest disturbances such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks, thereby increasing the potential

73 of the population dynamics of this and other bark beetle pests.

74 ance the capacity to synthesize terpenes for bark beetle resistance, chemical feedstocks, and biofuel

75 semiochemical-based management of the major bark beetle species in western North America.

76 t integrates the many drivers governing this bark beetle system.

77 rces represents a novel way of understanding bark beetle-fungal-conifer interactions.

78 lassic paradigm (CP), has driven research on bark beetle-fungus symbiosis for decades.

79 tand-level fire behavior models suggest that bark beetle-induced tree mortality increases flammabilit

80 the infection, growth, and survival of this bark beetle-vectored fungus and may play a major role in

81 ed with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark-beetle attack, while long-term decrease in growth m

82 cologically convergent with Early Cretaceous bark-beetle borings 120 million-years later.Numerous gap

83 Increases in wildfires and bark-beetle outbreaks in the most recent decade are like

84 ngiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark-beetle outbreaks.

85 tree mortality caused by outbreaks of native bark beetles (Circulionidae: Scolytinae) in recent decad

86 st basal area had been killed or impaired by bark beetles (from 7.1 +/- 0.22 mumol m(-2) s(-1) in 200

87 the eyes of fire ants (Solenopsis fugax) and bark beetles (Hylastes nigrinus).

88 Ceratocystis polonica, which is vectored by bark beetles (Ips typographus) and is usually present du

89 Bark beetles and associated fungi are among the greatest

90 f the main component of tree defence against bark beetles and associated microbes; and (3) implementi

91 isms associated with two guilds of insects - bark beetles and defoliators - which are responsible for

92 ts on the occurrence of drought, presence of bark beetles and increased mortality of larger trees.

93 netic engineering may increase resistance to bark beetles and terpenoid yield for liquid biofuels.

94 were superior to multiple-funnel traps, (b) bark beetles and woodborers were captured in higher numb

95 Bark beetles are a potentially destructive force in fore

96 athogenic fungi associated with tree-killing bark beetles are critical for overwhelming tree defenses

97 tid aggregation pheromones has revealed that bark beetles are primarily responsible for the endogenou

98 Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects

99 Among BD agents, bark beetles caused most C fluxes (61%), and total insec

100 cent advances in applied chemical ecology of bark beetles for scientists and land managers.

101 y 7.6% experienced mortality associated with bark beetles from 1997 to 2008.

102 dy system, we tested how tree mortality from bark beetles impacts bee foraging habitats and populatio

103 Detailed information about bark beetles is seldom reported and their role is poorly

104 n velocity (u*) = 0.7 m s(-1)], during which bark beetles killed or infested 85% of the aboveground r

105 ding woodlands) experienced mortality due to bark beetles or wildfire during this period.

106 iquity of similar associations of fungi with bark beetles that do not kill trees.

107 rming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically r

108 y exposed crowns(4,15), and the tendency for bark beetles to preferentially attack larger trees(16).

109 simulated emergence of stands susceptible to bark beetles was not temporally synchronized but was pro

110 en community-wide mortality was high or when bark beetles were present.

111 ncreases in stress from biotic agents (e.g., bark beetles) would further exacerbate mortality.

112 istory of profound impacts by phloem-feeding bark beetles, and species such as the mountain pine beet

113 (tree mortality and defoliation) and agent (bark beetles, defoliator insects, other insects, pathoge

114 evolved in only four animal groups: humans, bark beetles, termites, and ants.

115 virulent fungal associates with tree-killing bark beetles, the lack of correspondence between fungal

116 larly important for some pests, such as pine bark beetles, which are difficult to control by conventi

117 sis of monoterpene pheromone components from bark beetles.

118 hesis of ipsenol, ipsdienol, and amitinol by bark beetles.

119 fects interactions between conifer trees and bark beetles.

120 emicals to the integrated pest management of bark beetles.

121 that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark-beetles) typically showed relatively small and shor

122 photoperiods (SD with night break) levels of bark beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity increased.

123 il but decreased in organic soil, while pine bark biochar with N did not affect the N(2)O production

124 condensation with monitored temperatures for bark biomass, while for needles no clear trend could be

125 from the hot water extract of Picea mariana bark (BS-EAc(f)) has been demonstrated to have anti-infl

126 We show that when birch bark burns close to a vertical to subvertical hard surfa

127 In addition, the gene expression in the bark/cambial region was up-regulated in spring and fall

128 , the RpALN gene was highly expressed in the bark/cambial region, but had no detectable expression in

129 Bark can protect trees from fires, but it is often assum

130 es predictably with context, suggesting that barks can be divided into contextual subtypes and may be

131 Taxus stem barks can be used for extraction of paclitaxel.

132 ts show levels of PBBs, DDT, and HBB in tree bark collected within 10 km of the Velsicol Superfund si

133 nravel the potential adaptation mechanism of bark colonization, we examined the genomes of Valsa mali

134 hormones were generally more abundant in the bark compared to wood tissues.

135 thyl jasmonate was associated with increased bark concentrations of verbascoside, lignin and/or tryps

136 P. mariana dry bark contains at least 104mugg(-1)dw of trans-resveratro

137 While holm oak outer bark contains sequential periderms interspersed with dea

138 ve been reported.A 7-year-old girl developed barking cough and pruritus approximately two hours after

139 Agaricomycetes that preferentially colonize bark-covered wood, suggesting potential complementation

140 rneath the bark [1], resulting in persistent bark cracking and deep air pockets, potentially allowing

141 Bark density, water content, and mechanics covaried stro

142 Using a wood and bark-derived feedstock, this catalyst performs hydrodeox

143 rans stereochemistry were detected in spruce bark; dimeric and larger PAs contained flavan-3-ols with

144 The causes underlying bark diversity are unclear.

145 y to be major and overlooked factors shaping bark ecology and evolution.

146 The Amazonian Croton lechleri stem bark essential oil was tested for its anti-mutagenic pot

147 or a small nick can be cut in a leaf, fruit, bark, etc.

148 ed a cluster of 12 open reading frames (barA-barK) extending 26 kb including the expected polyketide

149 al effect of fruit juices enriched with pine bark extract (PBE) (0.5 g/L) has been studied before and

150 s and samples treated with willow (Salix sp) bark extract and cod liver oil are compared in this stud

151 secondary metabolites and then applied to a bark extract of the African tree Anogeissus leiocarpus G

152 seed extract, peanut skin extract, and pine bark extract.

153 acteria was observed after exposition to the bark extract.

154 cosides (4) from Micromelum minutum methanol bark extract.

155 s reported for Myrciaria fruits and leaf and bark extracts include antioxidant, antibacterial and ant

156 The ethyl acetate and methanol bark extracts of Melicope glabra were evaluated for thei

157 etamyzidae, a Cretaceous family suggested to bark-feed on conifers.

158 orm of a 3-ply cord fragment made from inner bark fibres on a stone tool recovered in situ from the s

159 The unique finding of a bark fragment and a larch needle within the ice of Schau

160 The disparity in bark frequency and context between dogs (Canis familiari

161 ts were measured in about 40 samples of tree bark from 12 locations around the globe.

162 tissue (SVT) regeneration after large-scale bark girdling in trees.

163 that transpiring flowers were unaffected by bark girdling.

164 ed with SD inhibited SD-induced increases in bark GUS activity.

165 search for the bioactive principles of pine bark has yielded the trimeric PAC, ent-epicatechin-(4bet

166 that investment in bark varies, with thicker bark in dry forests and thinner in wetter forests.

167 ns because they only effectively attack tree bark in the field.

168 rating the effectiveness of F. racemosa stem bark in type 2 diabetes and targets involved in it.

169 ctors that lead to both frequent barking and barking in many contexts.

170 s) has led some researchers to conclude that barking in the domestic dog is nonfunctional.

171 and unambiguous nonverbal sound (e.g., a dog bark) in 14 English monolingual speakers.

172 Tree bark is a highly specialized array of tissues that plays

173 We show that investment in thick bark is a pervasive adaptation in frequently burned area

174 As such, tree bark is an ideal sampler to find POPs sources globally,

175 Although bark is diverse in terms of tissues, functions and speci

176 ir complexity, but whereas cork oak external bark is enriched with upregulated genes related to suber

177 cognitively demanding setup, in which birch bark is heated in anaerobic conditions, a setup whose in

178 This is an effective strategy because tree bark is lipophilic and readily adsorbs and collects POPs

179 arval tunnels that consume cambium, wood and bark-is ecologically convergent with Early Cretaceous ba

180 EAB feeds and develops beneath the bark, killing trees rapidly.

181 proanthocyanidin oligomer extracted from the bark latex of Croton lechleri, is in clinical trials for

182 tures and components such as trunk (stem and bark), leaf, flower, seed, and root.

183 radeoffs and coordination among functions of bark, leaves, and wood are likely to be major and overlo

184 g, had higher constitutive concentrations of bark lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine and defensive

185 We suggest that tree bark makes an excellent passive atmospheric sampler and

186 We observed associations between bark mechanics and storage, density and thickness, and t

187 l structures (ie, groove of Ranvier and bone bark), metaphyseal undulation, and corticomedullary diff

188 independent sequencing, we then compared the bark microbiomes from 46 trees to measure the associatio

189 The burning of birch bark near suitable surfaces provides useable quantities

190 illus parasiticus, a fungal isolate from the bark of a redwood tree (Sequoia sempervirens), has been

191 entified endophytic fungus obtained from the bark of Ficus microcarpa L.

192 melitannin is a natural product found in the bark of Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel), and it has n

193 natural biphenolic compound derived from the bark of magnolia trees with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxid

194 e sesquiterpenes that were isolated from the bark of Phyllanthus engleri, a plant indigenous to east

195 Pitch pine-scrub oak forest from litter and bark of pitch pine and inkberry plants in the Pinelands

196 vels of bspA expression usually occur in the bark of plants during SD but not long day or SD with a n

197 torage protein that accumulates in the inner bark of plants exposed to either short-day (SD) photoper

198 iologically active methanolic extract of the bark of Plumeria bicolor (family Apocynaceae).

199 d B (1a), a diterpene acid isolated from the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (pinaceae).

200 d B (1a), a diterpene acid isolated from the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon, which displays int

201 gly potent immuno-adjuvant isolated from the bark of Quillaja saponaria.

202 timicrobial activities, were investigated in bark of Rhamnus alaternus L., R. fallax Boiss., R. inter

203 timicrobial activities, were investigated in bark of Rhamnus alaternus L., R. fallax Boiss., R. inter

204 am is an anthropic exudate obtained from the bark of several species of Styrax trees that is mainly u

205 ctive chloroform-soluble extract of the root bark of Sphenostylis marginata ssp. erecta using a bioac

206 ural product recently isolated from the stem bark of Tabernaemontana divaricata (a tropical flowering

207 onstration, a library was made from the stem bark of Taxus brevifolia.

208 Deguelin, a constituent of the bark of the African plant Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae)

209 , an active compound extracted from the root bark of the Chinese medicine "Thunder of God Vine" (Trip

210 a compound originally isolated from the stem bark of the native Indian plant Dysoxylum binectariferum

211 henol found in various plants, mainly in the bark of the red grapes.

212 , a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the bark of the white birch tree, has been reported to be a

213 oduct of PaLAR3, was significantly higher in bark of trees homozygous for the novel allele.

214 at ratios of 2:8 and 3:7, and 4.0% cinnamon bark oil and 3.0% thyme oil at ratios of 2:8 and 1:9, re

215 e combination of antifungal agents (cinnamon bark oil, zinc gluconate and trans-ferulic acid) in oil-

216 ndary phloem (rhytidome), the cork oak outer bark only contains thick layers of phellem (cork rings)

217 ommercial sources mainly consist of stripped bark or suspension cultures of members of the plant genu

218 nes were differentially expressed in leaves, bark, or both.

219 For down wood and bark, over half of the C affected was converted to PyOM,

220 Maya astronomical tables are recognized in bark-paper books from the Late Postclassic period (1300

221 X) or unoxidized (UO) pine wood (PW) or pine bark (PB) biochar produced at either 350 or 600 degrees

222 l as commercial available softwood and birch-bark pellets were investigated.

223 urian ash, but had no effect on constitutive bark phenolics, suggesting that they do not contribute t

224 ic sampler and that spatial analysis of tree bark POPs concentrations can often pinpoint their source

225 ity to GUS and activity was localized to the bark (primary and secondary phloem, and cortex) and xyle

226 a single work session (3 h; including birch bark procurement).

227 ral perturbations (like the dog that did not bark) provides a critical clue to the function of a hidd

228 unk and tapering distally, with this rind of bark providing most of their structural support.

229 polymers of plants found in foliage, fruit, bark, roots, rhizomes, and seed coats that consist of fl

230 sult from tradeoffs and coordination between bark's multiple functions.

231 Twenty seven bark samples (tree age 8-92 years) were collected from r

232 eir spatial distributions, we collected tree bark samples from around Michigan and measured the conce

233 strongly between bark and leaf samples, with bark samples harbouring much greater bacterial diversity

234 We collected 27 tree bark samples near Sauget, IL, where 373000 mt of polychl

235 c compounds of different commercial chestnut bark samples was developed.

236 f total PBDE, DP, PBEB, and HBCD in the tree bark samples were significantly associated with human po

237 ding the composition and quality of chestnut bark samples, which is required since these samples are

238 ied and found for the first time in chestnut bark samples.

239 l plant, were also measured in the same tree bark samples.

240 cit, stochastic model is developed for Bahia bark scaling, a threat to citrus production in north-eas

241 ice Nav1.8 has amino acid variants that bind bark scorpion toxins and inhibit Na(+) currents, blockin

242 Bark scorpion venom induces pain in many mammals (house

243 Bark scorpions capitalize on the protective pain pathway

244 rasshopper mice regularly attack and consume bark scorpions, grooming only briefly when stung.

245 during normal growth in the root endodermis, bark, specialized organs (e.g., Solanum tuberosum (potat

246 by reporting on sexual behavior of Darwin's bark spider, Caerostris darwini.

247 In poplars (Populus), bspA encodes a 32-kD bark storage protein that accumulates in the inner bark

248 such as length trimming, shaft bending, and bark stripping [4, 6, 7].

249 ally, spectrographic analysis indicates that bark structure varies predictably with context, suggesti

250 Added to recent evidence of birch bark tar, art, and shell beads, the idea that Neandertha

251 nt with enhanced woody growth and changes in bark texture caused primarily by increased secondary phl

252 utrient limitation and low pH environment in bark, they seem to employ membrane transporters associat

253 Here, we examine variation in bark thickness across the Amazon.

254 We find that not accounting for variation in bark thickness across tree species underestimated carbon

255 prets the changes in xylem diameter and live bark thickness and separates the components responsible

256 models that explicitly include variation in bark thickness are likely to improve the predictions of

257 Increasing bark thickness contributed significantly to stiffer stem

258 We quantify how bark thickness determines the ability of individual tree

259 Geographic variability in bark thickness is largely explained by annual burned are

260 sholds; saplings of savanna trees accumulate bark thickness more quickly than forest trees, and are m

261 The strong link between fire and bark thickness provides an avenue for assessing the vuln

262 The model separates the live bark thickness variations caused by bark water capacitan

263 ut also other relevant traits (e.g. seeding, bark thickness) and the different correlations among tra

264 lective force on a key fire-tolerance trait, bark thickness, across 572 tree species distributed worl

265 The lower bark thicknesses of plant species in forests decreased f

266 ncing and metabolite profiling of balsam fir bark tissue, we identified candidate diterpene synthase

267 ibited higher expression in wood compared to bark tissues after fungal infection.

268 transcriptome and metabolic diversity among bark tissues and provides insights to its development an

269 Bark tissues develop from two lateral meristems; the phe

270 advantage of the easy separation of wood and bark tissues in young American elm saplings, here we sho

271 individual trees have accumulated sufficient bark to avoid stem death, whereas the fire-suppression t

272 ceous) and was associated with a switch from bark to rock and from shady to sun-exposed habitats.

273 l) to isolated auditory objects (e.g., a dog barking) to music.

274 ntiomeric fractions in the middle xylem, top bark, top xylem, and stem, reached 0.803 +/- 0.022, 0.64

275 Bark traits may also covary with wood and leaf traits as

276 ffs and functional coordination, we measured bark traits reflecting protection, storage, mechanics, a

277 Here we compare the cork oak outer bark transcriptome with that of holm oak.

278 We also show that thinner bark translated into higher fire-driven tree mortality i

279 rmint, thyme, eucalyptus lemon, and cinnamon bark treatments.

280 The pepper-bark tree (Warburgia salutaris) is one of the most highl

281 tinctions occurred in Mozambique, the pepper-bark tree persisted in sufficient numbers to retain a la

282 s study investigated the cues used by female barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa, to assess distances to

283 erties reported for lichens, mosses, leaves, bark, trunk wood, insects, crustaceans, mammal and human

284 At the seasonal scale, bark turgor showed rapid changes during two droughts and

285 Beetles (bark/twig) were present in 92% of dead trees.

286 We further analyzed the varying bark types within the Betulaceae family.

287 Have we therefore barked up the wrong tree over the past two decades?

288 ges in the phenolic content of Norway spruce bark upon E. polonica infection and the biochemical fact

289 Here, we show that investment in bark varies, with thicker bark in dry forests and thinne

290 vels of abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and bark/vegetative storage proteins suggested altered metab

291 the live bark thickness variations caused by bark water capacitance from a residual signal interprete

292 perichondrial groove of Ranvier and the bone bark were easily identifiable at MR imaging.

293 Here, extracts of cinnamon bark were shown to have potent in vitro anthelmintic pro

294 urban/industrial contaminants found in tree bark, which acts as a long-term passive atmospheric samp

295 ecies has been extensively harvested for the bark, which is widely used in traditional health practic

296 mparison between cork oak and holm oak outer bark, which unveils new regulatory candidate genes of ph

297 of phenolic compounds found in Norway spruce bark with a diaryl-ethene skeleton with known antifungal

298 We also tested associations between bark, wood, and leaf traits.

299 microliths hafted with pitch from Podocarpus bark, worked suid tusks, ostrich eggshell beads, bone ar

300 the vegetative tissues tested (leaves, stem, bark, xylem and latex), suggesting that HbXIP2;1 could t