ライフサイエンスコーパス: be challenged by

1 se adhesives outperformed the controls after being challenged by 10,000 thermocycles between 5 degree

2 When yeast cells are challenged by a fluctuating environment, signaling n

3 Photosynthetic eukaryotes are challenged by a fluctuating light supply, demanding

4 to model crude oil production GHG emissions are challenged by a lack of data.

5 Y chromosomes are challenged by a lack of recombination and are transm

6 This notion has been challenged by a growing pool of evidence that sugge

7 However, this finding has been challenged by a recent report suggesting that a pre

8 However, the safety of AAV as a vector has been challenged by a single study that documented hepato

9 Currently the world is being challenged by a public health emergency caused by

10 tive is quite different: The functional task is challenged by a dense crowd of nonpartners obstructin

11 low-income countries, where quality of care is challenged by a lack of continuing education.

12 being composed of treadmilling microtubules, is challenged by a new study showing that these microtub

13 However, interpretation of 2D-CSIA data sets is challenged by a shortage of experimental Cl isotope e

14 tical detection of non-coding driver regions is challenged by a varying mutation rate and uncertainty

15 sed drug funding process in Ontario, Canada, was challenged by a young mother with a breast tumor too

16 After a week, rats were challenged by a change in contingency to seek cocai

17 These findings were challenged by a second wave of reports that astrocy

18 logy, namely the definition of a module, has been challenged by Abe and co-workers in their recent st

19 ver, the notion of an adult neurogenic niche is challenged by accumulating evidence for ectopic neuro

20 significantly prolonged when treated cattle were challenged by aerosolization of FMDV, using a metho

21 Recently, the standard model has been challenged by alternative accounts that assume that

22 ics, systematic surveys for driver mutations are challenged by an abundance of passenger mutations ca

23 gesterone, are elevated and only when memory is challenged by an extended retention interval.

24 This basic tenet was challenged by an alternative mechanism, in which the

25 However, this premise has recently been challenged by analyses of the genomes of comb jelli

26 ients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is challenged by anticipated discontinuation due to tumo

27 ophilic bacteria, and canonical Cas9 systems are challenged by applications requiring enhanced stabil

28 However, this assumption has been challenged by archaeological and osteological evide

29 tate-of-the-art gravimeters and seismometers is challenged by background seismic noise, its robust de

30 ate biological comparison across the batches is challenged by batch-to-batch variation (i.e. batch ef

31 However, this proposal has been challenged by both theoretical and empirical studie

32 ulic fracturing, for reuse or final disposal is challenged by both high salinity and the presence of

33 contrast, detection of low abundant species was challenged by both biological and technical aspects

34 way by remaining relatively quiescent while being challenged by chemical feedback.

35 ipoprotein hypothesis of atherosclerosis has been challenged by clinical trials of cholesteryl ester

36 However, we reveal that thick-shell growth is challenged by competing processes: alloying and catio

37 orn GCs when their afferent GABAergic inputs are challenged by conditional gene targeting.

38 urce acquisition and conservation traits, is being challenged by conflicting relationships between ro

39 In nature, plants are challenged by constantly changing light conditions.

40 served position in front of the nucleus, has been challenged by contradictory observations.

41 The sensitivity of quantum magnetometer is challenged by control errors and, especially in the s

42 r cryptic roles can be revealed when tissues are challenged by controlled biophysical constraints.

43 Yet, these studies can be challenged by current limitations of tissue visualiza

44 l graphs and apparent small-world properties are challenged by data that reveal high-density cortical

45 ists, yet over the past two decades each has been challenged by data from the fossil record, by the r

46 ate, real-time estimates of disease activity is challenged by delays in case reporting.

47 This simplistic concept was challenged by demonstrating that visit-to-visit bloo

48 ts in cytotoxicity when membrane homeostasis is challenged by dietary lipids.

49 When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA

50 Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production is challenged by different biotic and abiotic stresses,

51 The control of malaria is challenged by drug resistance, and new antimalarial d

52 d to channel catfish for 14 days before they were challenged by E. ictaluri in replicate.

53 ctivity and total energy expenditure [4] but are challenged by ecological studies in humans and other

54 continuous electroencephalography in the ICU is challenged by electroencephalography artifacts and th

55 This scenario, however, is being challenged by emerging data suggesting that dietar

56 he origin of replication in Escherichia coli is challenged by encounters with template damage, slow m

57 rface, skin's stratified squamous epithelium is challenged by environmental extremes.

58 d-based hypothesis of anesthetic action, has been challenged by evidence for direct anesthetic intera

59 This has been challenged by evidence of more complex sleep in mul

60 ontribution of the protein to redox activity is challenged by experimentally accessing both redox sta

61 wn (KD) mice and their wild-type littermates were challenged by feeding with a hepatotoxin 3,5-dietho

62 t-in-time transcriptional model has recently been challenged by findings that show the importance of

63 The sustainability of the network is challenged by funding limitations, constraints in hum

64 er pH suggests that foraminifera will likely be challenged by future ocean conditions.

65 In one protocol, sensitized pigs were challenged by gavage with a single dose of HEWP.

66 activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently been challenged by genetic loss-of-function experiments.

67 from the diverging tectonic plates, but have been challenged by geophysical observations of asymmetri

68 specific manner; however, this assumption is being challenged by growing evidence that these viruses

69 these, 265 mice (149 males and 116 females) were challenged by HFD (42% fat); and 384 mice (239 male

70 Efforts are challenged by high tumor heterogeneity, though, both

71 c and eukaryotic cells, but their biogenesis is challenged by high Cu toxicity and the preferential p

72 al to attaining HCV elimination, a goal that is challenged by high HCV reinfection rates among MSM.

73 ed approach to novel cancer drug development is challenged by high intratumor heterogeneity and inter

74 paramount importance, but social distancing is challenged by high population densities and access to

75 True cure is challenged by HIV latency, the ability of chromosomal

76 However, this view has recently been challenged by human genetic studies identifying som

77 e dominated the debate, but are increasingly being challenged by hypotheses that model richness as th

78 Dengue vaccine development efforts are challenged by immunologic complexity, lack of an ade

79 an environment where their circadian system is challenged by inappropriate meal- or work-times.

80 When the V1-damaged hemisphere was challenged by incoming visual stimuli, or controlled

81 fined autoinflammatory disorders, physicians are challenged by increasing numbers of patients with in

82 contrast with molecular-dynamic models which are challenged by increasing scale, and kinetic models w

83 ver, routine access to such clickable agents is challenged by inefficient and/or poorly defined multi

84 becomes relevant only when those individuals are challenged by injury.

85 immunology into innate and adaptive immunity is challenged by innate-like T lymphocytes that use inna

86 d therapy; however, this anticancer strategy is challenged by insufficient efficacy, intrinsic refrac

87 However, this technology is challenged by insurance coverage policies that hinder

88 However, the design of such studies is challenged by issues surrounding study design, choosi

89 agricultural land, for food security, might be challenged by its policy to promote economic growth t

90 er, efforts at designing TAR inhibitors have been challenged by its high degree of structural flexibi

91 LambdaCDM is being challenged by its apparent inability to explain th

92 ExM of C. elegans is challenged by its cuticle, which is stiff and imperme

93 Paper based ITP is challenged by Joule heating and evaporation because i

94 entury, reductionism as a concept in biology was challenged by key thinkers, including Ludwig von Ber

95 However, this notion has been challenged by large-scale clinical trials demonstra

96 At this small scale, where locomotion is challenged by large viscous drag, organisms must gene

97 model to field data of benzene contamination was challenged by large uncertainties in CSIA data and t

98 suggested that the viability of these cells was challenged by light limitation.

99 progression of the DNA replication machinery is challenged by limitations in nucleotide supply and ph

100 l therapy efforts for treating HIV+ patients are challenged by limited availability of donors with na

101 Efforts to regenerate tendon are challenged by limited understanding of its normal de

102 dvancement of MO-based diagnostics, however, is challenged by limited understanding of the surface or

103 key in development of novel therapeutics but is challenged by lineage-specific expression signals.

104 l prick test, in which the esophageal mucosa is challenged by local injection of allergen extracts, c

105 This principle has been challenged by long-standing theoretical models pred

106 udies of small RNA; however, current methods are challenged by low sensitivity and high bias, limitin

107 DNA-based diagnostics for Candida BSI will be challenged by low organism density and the need for s

108 mic viability of 9% of current coal capacity is challenged by low natural gas prices, while another 5

109 ble electron carriers, the mobility of which is challenged by macromolecular crowding.

110 the superiorities of TMUPS, its adoption has been challenged by manufacturing problems, such as compr

111 teness at the onset of seizures has recently been challenged by measures of gradually decreasing inte

112 ucts involving mutations or truncations, and is challenged by membrane proteins and large multicompon

113 curacy and reliability of analytical results were challenged by method validation and comparison with

114 though this remains an appealing idea, it is being challenged by modern cross-species research.

115 Consumer acceptability of whole wheat foods is challenged by negative bitter flavour attributes.

116 for ChAT maintenance when the motor neurons are challenged by nerve crush.

117 I argue that this account is challenged by neuropsychological findings and visual

118 However, in the last decade this dogma has been challenged by new findings on non-coding RNAs (ncRN

119 ut this single-boundary-following pathway is being challenged by new Lagrangian observations and mode

120 The scarcity of treatment options is challenged by new clinical and neuroimaging data indi

121 This simple model is challenged by new evidence revealing that a catalytic

122 in wall mechanics and growth, but this view is challenged by newer results.

123 Diagnosing myocarditis is challenged by nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms

124 Tumor progression is challenged by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic bottle

125 This view has recently been challenged by observations of extremely sharp corro

126 This was challenged by observations that gO-null mutants were

127 lopment, but the soundness of this model has been challenged by others, who concluded that differenti

128 e development of Ebola virus countermeasures is challenged by our limited understanding of cell entry

129 uorescent proteins in living mammalian cells is challenged by out-of-focus fluorescence excitation.

130 However, this treatment paradigm has been challenged by overtreatment concerns and evidence t

131 cesses can be hidden unless affected tissues are challenged by physical constraints.

132 Single-cell DNA sequencing methods are challenged by poor physical coverage, high technical

133 peutic use of SDF-1 in hindlimb ischemia may be challenged by proteolytic degradation.

134 These results are challenged by recent analyses of large US databases

135 However, this prevailing view has been challenged by recent behavioral studies.

136 k factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease has been challenged by recent clinical trials and genetic st

137 omponents of the mammalian immune system has been challenged by recent findings in mice.

138 sis in inhibition of axonal regeneration has been challenged by recent findings in rodent model's spi

139 ranscription and translation in bacteria has been challenged by recent reports of spatial segregation

140 translation, however, are not clear and have been challenged by recent ribosome profiling studies.

141 However, this concept has been challenged by recent studies of the mantle source o

142 This view has been challenged by recent studies revealing the existenc

143 This hypothesis has been challenged by recent studies showing worse cognitiv

144 This approach has been challenged by recent studies suggesting that second

145 iate appendectomy to prevent perforation has been challenged by recent studies supporting a semielect

146 rom thermalized states, but this picture has been challenged by recent studies that have investigated

147 origin of the myofibroblast in fibrosis has been challenged by recent studies, with the pericyte sug

148 However, this function of ZipA has been challenged by recent studies.

149 tic lithium-air batteries, whereas this view is challenged by recent contrasting observations.

150 This long-standing view is challenged by recent studies which suggest that stabi

151 This dogma was challenged by recent reports that myeloid cells can

152 Fhf2(KO) mice were challenged by reducing calcium conductance (gCa(V))

153 e of existing cysts, and whether the kidneys were challenged by renal injury.

154 ectivity, though this assertion has recently been challenged by reports of increased connectivity in

155 nly be restored through surgery has recently been challenged by reports that oxysterols such as lanos

156 r, the standard interpretation of replay has been challenged by reports that similar activity is obse

157 rtance of HLA matching, which have, in turn, been challenged by reports that suggest the continuing i

158 Recently, this notion was challenged by reports that showed a broader differen

159 ssessing the clinical efficacy of niacin has been challenged by results from AIM-HIGH, which failed t

160 es exit from the SAC only when mitotic cells are challenged by retained catenation and this delayed e

161 rd blood, healthy young children, and adults were challenged by RSV or cocultured with infected HEp-2

162 tical objectives where replicate experiments are challenged by sample complexity.

163 significance of nosocomial transmission has been challenged by screening on admission studies and wh

164 of hematopoiesis with distinct intermediates are challenged by scRNA-seq data suggesting more continu

165 ture/immunodetection methods, which for AMPK are challenged by sequence similarities and difficulties

166 of hyperkalemia confer cardiotoxic risk have been challenged by several reports of patients with atyp

167 This paradigm has recently been challenged by several studies on a multimodular sig

168 ureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring has been challenged by several studies.

169 he United States to effectively perform ASTs is challenged by several factors.

170 s active in very dim light the visual system is challenged by several sources of visual noise.

171 These claims were challenged by several commentaries that contested t

172 ical management of prostate cancer (PCA) has been challenged by significant intratumoural heterogenei

173 dstone reservoirs, but their performance can be challenged by small-scale reactions and other process

174 The detection limit was challenged by spiking small fractions of a structura

175 the source of infection in immune women have been challenged by studies demonstrating acquisition and

176 Since this concept has been challenged by studies demonstrating complete relaxa

177 However, this paradigm has been challenged by studies demonstrating that PLN remain

178 However, this principle has recently been challenged by studies of nuclear cap-binding protei

179 More recently, however, this notion has been challenged by studies showing that tumors maintain

180 rts of an efficient, molecular catalyst have been challenged by studies suggesting that formation of

181 This traditional view has been challenged by studies that propose an alternative,

182 erated from fetal progenitors, but this view is challenged by studies concluding that B-1 production

183 hypothesis has never been demonstrated, and is challenged by studies suggesting the occurrence of po

184 cine (TDV) and 4 DENV-naive control subjects were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation of either 10

185 anagement in the United States and elsewhere is challenged by substantial uncertainty regarding the l

186 This division is challenged by targeted recordings from rabbit retina,

187 graphically widespread human malaria species-is challenged by technical difficulties, such as the lac

188 Globally, fisheries are challenged by the combined impacts of overfishing, d

189 pe of interacting bonds, but interpretations are challenged by the complex mechanical behavior of pol

190 us type 1 (HIV-1) during long-term treatment are challenged by the evolution of anti-viral resistance

191 Efforts to target endogenous MAPKs are challenged by the fact that these kinases are requir

192 ods or sensors for research and applications are challenged by the low concentrations and wide dynami

193 several manual sample preparation steps and are challenged by the microscopic mass-limited samples g

194 Single-phase multiferroics are challenged by the opposite d-orbital occupations imp

195 The physician and health user will be challenged by the convergence of 2 major trends, whol

196 Cancer treatment continues to be challenged by the development of therapeutic resistan

197 he interpretation of such shifts is shown to be challenged by the heterogeneous nature of MG structur

198 natural gas prices, while another 56% would be challenged by the stricter emission regulations.

199 acterized by an enhanced infection risk will be challenged by the virus.

200 te-based radar imagery for such purposes has been challenged by the apparent loss of signal sensitivi

201 cieties, researchers in social sciences have been challenged by the complexity and diversity of human

202 data into knowledge of immune mechanisms has been challenged by the complexity of the interactions un

203 nic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been challenged by the description of IL-35, a bioactive

204 patterns of active demyelination, which has been challenged by the description of stage-dependent se

205 protein molecularly imprinted polymers have been challenged by the difficulties in facilitating biom

206 However, the field has been challenged by the difficulties in obtaining native

207 This picture has been challenged by the discovery of a dense and almost s

208 This view has been challenged by the discovery of non-receptor activat

209 standard steric shielding model has recently been challenged by the discovery of stable downstream in

210 s are primarily driven by a Th1 response has been challenged by the discovery of Th17 cells.

211 re circadian rhythm; however, this dogma has been challenged by the discovery that each of the clock

212 n these pathologic features and dementia has been challenged by the emergence of "nondemented with Al

213 concept that GPCRs function as monomers has been challenged by the emerging evidence of GPCR dimeriz

214 Their use, however, has been challenged by the fact that these particles are inh

215 -that it mediates behavioral flexibility-has been challenged by the finding that discrimination rever

216 ib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been challenged by the frequent emergence of resistant c

217 ence of slowly cycling, adult stem cells has been challenged by the identification of actively cyclin

218 l influenza A viruses, but this has recently been challenged by the identification of novel influenza

219 However, community-wide virus studies have been challenged by the lack of a universal marker.

220 vaccines to ultimate human applications has been challenged by the lack of animal models with an imm

221 spital management, previous comparisons have been challenged by the lack of comparable data.

222 Transcriptome analyses have systematically been challenged by the majority of nuclei being DUX4neg,

223 In addition, the giant-impact theory has been challenged by the Moon's unexpectedly Earth-like is

224 This concept has been challenged by the more recent definition of follicu

225 However, this view has been challenged by the observation that an absence of bo

226 the bacterial infiltration which could have been challenged by the presence of a vital pulp.

227 n the more recently derived angiosperms, has been challenged by the scarce fossil record.

228 rrently, treatment algorithms for HR-CLL are being challenged by the introduction of novel classes of

229 g TNBC; however, its clinical translation is being challenged by the lack of safe and effective nonvi

230 ubisco for the enhancement of photosynthesis is challenged by the alternate locations of the chloropl

231 This view is challenged by the attraction effect, in which the rel

232 ver, analysis of a large number of compounds is challenged by the availability of standard substances

233 ating and further exploring these mechanisms is challenged by the available data, as existing studies

234 ork activity contributes to memory formation is challenged by the complexity of most brain circuits a

235 However, data interpretation is challenged by the complexity of origins of the small

236 y new approaches for lignin depolymerization is challenged by the complexity of this aromatic biopoly

237 mains high on the sustainability agenda, but is challenged by the costs of producing fermentable suga

238 d explanation for antidepressant drug action is challenged by the delayed clinical onset of most agen

239 Quantitative NMR-based metabolite profiling is challenged by the deleterious effects of abundant pro

240 generation of information technology, but it is challenged by the diffraction limit of light.

241 crobial evolutionary relationships, but this is challenged by the discordant evolution of individual

242 itional view of superior colliculus function is challenged by the discovery that it has an expanded f

243 Cancer therapy is challenged by the diversity of molecular implementati

244 our assessment of ROC abundance and impacts is challenged by the diversity of species that contribut

245 The health of the honey bee Apis mellifera is challenged by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructo

246 reast cancer patients; however, such therapy is challenged by the emergence of resistance in tumor ce

247 na or that they are caused by shared factors is challenged by the evidence that hyperuricaemia drives

248 of Ig glycosylation in a biomedical setting is challenged by the existence of different Ig isotypes

249 obustness of the vectorial capacity approach is challenged by the fact that the empirical data violat

250 However, this simple physical description is challenged by the fact that the pattern differs quant

251 irect physiological sensors of hypoglycaemia is challenged by the finding that the basal sensory neur

252 Diagnosis of LASV infection is challenged by the genetic diversity of the virus, whi

253 This model is challenged by the glycosylating Clostridium perfringe

254 identification of additional IAP substrates is challenged by the heterogeneity and sheer number of u

255 development of lentiviral-based therapeutics is challenged by the high cost of current Good Manufactu

256 cognition of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions is challenged by the high sensitivity and imperfect spec

257 he digestive system withstands fossilization is challenged by the identification of brain and ganglia

258 erfluid, sensing, and energy conversion, yet is challenged by the incomplete outflow of intruded liqu

259 Modeling these fluxes is challenged by the incredible diversity of microorgani

260 Research advancement in magnetoelectronics is challenged by the lack of a table-top magnetic measur

261 cs, genotyping and personalized therapy, but is challenged by the low concentrations of clinically si

262 as an action potential or pulse stimulation, is challenged by the low photon rate and the need to use

263 s associated with comprehensive smoking bans is challenged by the need to adjust for nonlinearity in

264 ell therapies work only via cell replacement is challenged by the observation of consistent intercell

265 western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies is challenged by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor an

266 Rapid phenotypic AST for Ng is challenged by the pathogen's slow doubling time and t

267 eties that left behind few material remains, is challenged by the paucity of direct evidence demonstr

268 is primarily imagistic, analog, and holistic is challenged by the presence of abstract diagrammatic g

269 n of newly formed planets around such a star is challenged by the presence of spots, plage, flares an

270 complex program set into motion when the ER is challenged by the production or persistence of more p

271 tion reactions involving heteroatom transfer is challenged by the small energetic differences between

272 abnormal phenotypes for downstream research is challenged by the small sample size, the rare event n

273 The developing VR service in Bhutan is challenged by the spectrum of diseases, limited human

274 hylakoids and unstacked stroma lamellae that is challenged by the tight stacking and low protein mobi

275 t their fabrication on a curvilinear surface is challenged by the use of standard microfabrication pr

276 ely active site and the activity improvement was challenged by the discovered scaling relationship.

277 He was challenged by the gap between cellular immunology an

278 Recently, this view was challenged by the isolation of 3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydr

279 However, this notion was challenged by the observation that Bir1 (yeast survi

280 domness of mutagenesis that drives evolution were challenged by the discovery of mutation pathways ac

281 Past studies of polycrystalline BPs were challenged by the existence of grain boundaries bet

282 Mainstream diagnostic assays are challenged by their intrinsic diversity, leading to

283 Current animal models have been challenged by their inability to model the early on

284 ortunately, the study of muscle SP cells has been challenged by their low abundance and the absence o

285 nitoring metastatic events in distal tissues is challenged by their sporadic occurrence in obscure an

286 Mitochondrial function is challenged by toxic by-products of metabolism as well

287 This longstanding paradigm is being challenged by two papers discussed herein.

288 -stage introduction of this functional group is challenged by typical fluorination conditions of HF a

289 ew pigments sharing delocalized excitons has been challenged by ultrafast optical spectroscopy experi

290 Epidemiologic studies of overdiagnosis are challenged by unclear definitions and the absence of

291 routes require high metal-dye affinities and are challenged by unfavorable electrostatic interactions

292 r, a comprehensive model of the carbon cycle is challenged by unicellular eukaryotes (protists) havin

293 isting normalization methods to metabolomics is challenged by unsatisfied modeling assumptions and, n

294 In this work, the hypothesis is challenged by using the carbon analogue (C7) of the b

295 duce a consistent phenotypic outcome despite being challenged by variable conditions, during cell fat

296 Throughout their life, plants are challenged by various abiotic and biotic stress fact

297 he caller is widespread, but this belief has been challenged by various studies, possibly because lar

298 This anthropocentric lens is challenged by ways of testing Van de Vliert's thesis

299 This simple view was challenged by work in the cat, which lacks the direc

300 Health-care providers were challenged by working in a totally new context, exh