1 Currently, MRONJ
is defined by (
1) current or previous treatment with a B
2 Treated HFrEF
was defined by (
1) left ventricular ejection fraction <=
3 Progression of subclinical CVD
was defined by 10-year change in left ventricular struct
4 Specificity
was defined by 100% amino acid sequence identity with ti
5 t rate, cardiovascular risk factors must now
be defined by 2 components: the magnitude and duration o
6 CR-POPFs
were defined by 2016 International Study Group criteria,
7 Monosaccharide building blocks
are defined by a high density of chiral centers.
8 (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions,
are defined by a pathological hallmark: neurofibrillary
9 Centromeres
are defined by a self-propagating chromatin structure ba
10 The Anthropocene climate has largely
been defined by a rapid increase in atmospheric CO(2,) c
11 It
is defined by a "half-open and inward-facing" state (HOI
12 re not isoform-specific, isoform specificity
is defined by a "handle" helix in PKMs that confers stab
13 ntral nervous system (CNS) neurodegeneration
is defined by a complex series of pathological processes
14 N3'->P5' phosphoramidate (NP) DNA
is defined by a conservative linkage substitution and ha
15 t of objects is fundamental to cognition and
is defined by a consistent set of sensory properties and
16 d terrestrial crown tetrapods, each of which
is defined by a different combination of functional spec
17 Infective endocarditis
is defined by a focus of infection within the heart and
18 While PH-HFpEF
is defined by a high mean pulmonary artery pressure, hig
19 sequential complication of preterm birth and
is defined by a positive blood culture obtained after 72
20 Acute kidney injury (AKI)
is defined by a rapid increase in serum creatinine, decr
21 to loading (RV-pulmonary arterial coupling)
is defined by a ratio of end-systolic to arterial elasta
22 The exercise pressor reflex (EPR)
is defined by a rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
23 also known as major neurocognitive disorder)
is defined by a significant decline in 1 or more cogniti
24 een the G proteins Galpha(12) and Galpha(13)
is defined by a single leucine-to-isoleucine variation.
25 Type 2 diabetes (T2D)
is defined by a single metabolite, glucose, but is incre
26 pe in An. gambiae, which we term "megacyte,"
is defined by a specific transmembrane protein marker (T
27 LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC)
is defined by a stereotypical TDP-43 proteinopathy in ol
28 the poised state of ITC, in which innateness
is defined by a transcriptionally-orchestrated trade-off
29 Response
was defined by a >=35% decrease in Y-BOCS score, partial
30 fined by a 25%-34% decrease, and nonresponse
was defined by a <25% decrease.
31 % decrease in Y-BOCS score, partial response
was defined by a 25%-34% decrease, and nonresponse was d
32 Presence of airflow obstruction, which
was defined by a baseline FEV1:FVC less than a range of
33 Incident DM
was defined by a combination of FG >= 126 mg/dL, the use
34 Advanced glaucoma
was defined by a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.85 or higher in
35 Fluid responsiveness
was defined by a fluid-induced increase in cardiac index
36 The slow entry to elongation
was defined by a long residence time of eukaryotic initi
37 NAFLD
was defined by a mean hepatic attenuation of less than 4
38 Augmented renal clearance
was defined by a measured creatinine clearance greater t
39 nd/or rt-PCR; confirmed bacterial meningitis
was defined by a positive result on any test.
40 Uptake of colorectal tests
was defined by a record of a fecal occult blood test in
41 Advanced chronic kidney disease
was defined by a sustained reduction in eGFR less than 3
42 Fast metabolizers
were defined by a C/D ratio < 1.05.
43 Early morning IOP spikes
were defined by a higher early morning IOP than the maxi
44 iated with outbreak clusters in two counties
were defined by a single base substitution in the viral
45 /squamous tumors arising in other organs and
is defined by activation of a TP63-driven gene program.
46 is of the E2/E4/E5 pharyngeal cancer subtype
is defined by activation of the fibroblast growth factor
47 Cohort subgroups
were defined by admission to an ICU.
48 small fraction of CD154-enriched cells could
be defined by Ag-reactive cytokine responses.
49 Advanced POAG
was defined by age-based mean deviation of visual field
50 Subgroups
were defined by age, sex, previous exacerbation frequenc
51 Treatment-naive BRCA2-mutant tumours
are defined by aggressive clinical and molecular feature
52 CTE
is defined by an abundance of hyperphosphorylated tau pr
53 approaches, we showed that this ERAD branch
is defined by an ER membrane complex consisting of the u
54 ed independently of eyes, and their position
is defined by an extrinsic array of positional informati
55 This site
is defined by an N-terminal histidine and a second inter
56 The bond
is defined by an orthogonal interaction between stilbazo
57 Sub-AKI
was defined by an admission penKid concentration above t
58 the household level and with household data,
was defined by an index on the basis of ownership of ass
59 Preexisting HF
was defined by any HF encounter during the first year, a
60 The binding sites
are defined by arginine, lysine, and polar amino acids.
61 Dysfunction
was defined by available normal values.
62 Etiology
was defined by blood culture, Streptococcus pneumoniae u
63 However, our findings indicate the LP region
is defined by both pacemaker rate and capacity to drive
64 We conclude that the LP region
is defined by both rate and capacity to drive atrial act
65 High-risk features
were defined by bulky tumors, variant histology, lymphov
66 The RMTg can
be defined by c-Fos staining elicited by psychostimulant
67 Presence and severity of periodontal disease
were defined by Centers for Disease Control and Preventi
68 It
is defined by cholangiocytic differentiation and has poo
69 Group 3 (n = 14; 35% metastasized)
were defined by chromosome 11 loss.
70 Eight subtypes of T4/T5 neurons
are defined by combinations of two patterns of dendritic
71 ological roles, and their specific functions
are defined by combinatorial interactions with dynamic r
72 MMR deficiency
was defined by complete loss of nuclear expression of ML
73 This network
was defined by connectivity to the cerebellar vermis, in
74 The pathogenic cells
are defined by constitutive activation of the MAPK signa
75 Response to lithium treatment
was defined by continuous scores and categorical outcome
76 That
is defined by crystallographic analysis of phenylphospho
77 I vs carriage differed, but only when groups
were defined by detectable stool toxin (vs positive NAAT
78 Thus, sepsis-induced immunoparalysis
is defined by diminished CD8 T cell-mediated antitumor i
79 Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD)
is defined by diminished flow reserve.
80 Two new RCC subtypes
were defined by distinct epigenetic and metabolic pathwa
81 Eight neutrophil populations
were defined by distinct molecular signatures.
82 Low flow
was defined by Doppler echocardiography as a stroke volu
83 Prostate cancer (PCa)
is defined by dysregulated lipid signaling and is charac
84 These synapses
are defined by electron-dense presynaptic structures cal
85 Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Sepsis
was defined by electronic health record evidence of susp
86 ment with an absence of tumoral CD8+ T cells
was defined by elevated expression of the immunosuppress
87 A higher inflammation subgroup
was defined by elevations in a group of 7 markers in 36%
88 The disease has historically
been defined by evidence of distinctive histological cha
89 Regional wall abnormalities
were defined by experienced physiologists and confirmed
90 r over a century, psychiatric disorders have
been defined by expert opinion and clinical observation.
91 al populations within the male genital tract
are defined by factors beyond transient inflammation ass
92 It
is defined by failure of the heart to pump (HF with redu
93 Primary infection
was defined by first positive anti-HCV antibody and/or H
94 C]) and CD11bCD33CD14CD15HLA-DR (monocytes),
were defined by flow cytometry.
95 ne or in combination with other drugs should
be defined by further investigation.
96 s, and that it is also present when function
is defined by Gene Ontology terms.
97 mutations in RT, the HBV on-TDF persistence
is defined by genetic variations across the entire HBV g
98 pe 1 and JMML in children with CBL syndrome,
are defined by germline Ras disease and acquired biallel
99 BRS) is a childhood overgrowth disorder that
is defined by germline mutations in DNMT3A.
100 Geographic access
was defined by global spherical distance from patient zi
101 inful disease highly prevalent in women that
is defined by growth of endometrial tissue outside the u
102 AKI events
were defined by &
gt;=50% decrease in estimated glomerular f
103 lenging the view that NR binding specificity
is defined by half-site spacing.
104 Success
is defined by halting viral transmission and by continuo
105 Unstable VT
was defined by hemodynamic deterioration with an intrins
106 aled that distinct epicardial subpopulations
are defined by high levels of expression for the transcr
107 Meth-ICH and Non-Meth-ICH
were defined by history of abuse and urine drug screen (
108 CVD
was defined by hospitalization or death from cardiovascu
109 Dementia and MCI
were defined by hospitalization diagnosis codes (1987-20
110 The cavities of artificial receptors
are defined by how their components fit together.
111 systems misses a key issue: rationality must
be defined by humans facing vague information.
112 pective of whether the prediabetes phenotype
is defined by hyperglycaemia in the postprandial state (
113 Severe CDI
was defined by IDSA criteria, and primary outcomes were
114 Coronary microvascular dysfunction (MVD)
is defined by impaired flow augmentation in response to
115 ral history of cancer-associated lymphoedema
is defined by increasing limb girth, fibrosis, inflammat
116 itonavir-boosted darunavir plus raltegravir)
were defined by increasing levels of resistance and rece
117 ; (ii) while networks of chiefly interaction
were defined by instability, wider networks of interacti
118 pecies' sensitivity to environmental changes
are defined by interacting multiple stressors, little is
119 The internal degree distribution
is defined by interaction counts within a phenotype-spec
120 oduct demonstrated that the site of cleavage
is defined by interactions along the substrate binding c
121 ADHD
was defined by International Classification of Diseases
122 Cardiac arrest in this study
was defined by intra-aortic pressure monitoring that is
123 pendent of Cu(+) In contrast, CopZ2 function
was defined by its distinctly high abundance during Cu(2
124 Invariant NKT (iNKT) cell functional subsets
are defined by key transcription factors and output of c
125 osterior determination of Drosophila oocytes
is defined by kinesin-myosin competition, whose outcome
126 An additional comparison group
was defined by later upper respiratory infection diagnos
127 Disease severity
was defined by level of care (outpatients vs ward vs ped
128 The aging type could
be defined by linear discriminant analysis with an accur
129 The study cohorts
were defined by linking 2017 United States Renal Data Sy
130 The low-perfusion map
is defined by local capillary density below 0.5 percenti
131 ighted, undirected graph, in which the edges
are defined by locally correlated motions of those resid
132 ignature Voronoi polyhedra distribution that
is defined by lognormal curve having a constant standard
133 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
is defined by loss of B cell tolerance, resulting in pro
134 Cytolytic degranulation
was defined by loss of membrane integrity, cell death, a
135 Anemia
is defined by low levels of circulating hemoglobin, resu
136 This response
is defined by low levels of type I and III interferons j
137 The bone compartment
was defined by means of low-dose CT.
138 Blood groups
are defined by membrane proteins that are either single-
139 layer displacement or spacing, both of which
are defined by metal substitution.
140 mouth and that microbial habitats and niches
are defined by micron-scale gradients in combination wit
141 Abnormal vaginal microbiota
was defined by microscopy and quantitative polymerase ch
142 heterogeneous catalysts have functions that
are defined by mixtures of molecular and mesoscale compo
143 iovascular disease was self-reported, and PN
was defined by monofilament testing only.
144 tributes to IgG4 isotype switching have both
been defined by multiple groups.
145 iesis (CH) of indeterminate potential (CHIP)
is defined by mutations in myeloid cancer-associated gen
146 uent subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
is defined by mutations in the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) ge
147 CAD events
were defined by myocardial infarction or CAD mortality.
148 nitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR)
are defined by nasal reactivity to aeroallergens with an
149 Hepatic steatosis
was defined by noncontrast computed tomography (CT) live
150 The first phase
is defined by nonspecific medial and adventitial thicken
151 Outliers
were defined by O:E z-scores.
152 review how remission of type 2 diabetes has
been defined by observational and interventional studies
153 High-risk multiple myeloma
was defined by one of the following: gene expression pro
154 High-risk pN0
was defined by one or more of the following: pT greater
155 assessed in vivo and in situ, and mechanisms
were defined by optical mapping, histochemistry, and bio
156 Stomata
are defined by pairs of guard cells that perceive and tr
157 functional graphs where edges between units
are defined by pairwise spike dependencies.
158 plifications or mutations); a second subtype
is defined by PAX5 p.Pro80Arg and biallelic PAX5 alterat
159 BACKGROUNDIdiopathic CD4 lymphopenia (ICL)
is defined by persistently low CD4+ cell counts (<300 ce
160 Vaccine-mediated immunity
was defined by positive anti-HBs and negative anti-HBc.
161 HBV infection
was defined by positive HBsAg and past exposure by posit
162 Cardiorenal syndrome
is defined by primary heart failure conditions influenci
163 he recent findings into how ISC identity can
be defined by proliferation state, signalling crosstalk,
164 When infection status
was defined by QFT, enrichment of Type I IFN and antivir
165 When infection status
was defined by QFT, enrichment of type I interferon was
166 M.tb infection
was defined by QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) assay.
167 CAD
was defined by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) b
168 The release profile of six gluten peptides
was defined by quantitative LC-MS/MS; none were detected
169 Reference standards
were defined by radiologist-adjudicated image review.
170 In a stricter analysis where paid patients
were defined by receiving 338 or more days of therapy wi
171 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and re
172 Active sleep
is defined by reduced energy in a uniform mode of neural
173 The majority of the studied sites, however,
were defined by relatively low budget states (<2 kg CaCO
174 The indole transcriptome
was defined by RNA sequencing and showed widespread chan
175 Rate of dark adaptation
was defined by rod intercept time (RIT), duration (in mi
176 These two T(H)17-cell subsets
are defined by selective expression of the transcription
177 -dependent action of the orphan RORgamma can
be defined by selectively disrupting putative endogenous
178 r limited number of structural motifs, which
are defined by sets of (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of
179 Alcohol use disorder (AUD)
is defined by several symptom criteria, which can be dis
180 ing difference between O and non-O platelets
was defined by several key biophysical measurements that
181 species' uniquely social form of life, which
is defined by shared intentionality (Kern & Moll 2017, P
182 Allergic sensitisation
was defined by sIgE (in 1990-1991, 2006-2008, and, 2012-
183 These clonal expansions
were defined by somatic mutations shared between tumor a
184 TB cases
were defined by South African guidelines, while non-TB p
185 TB cases
were defined by South African guidelines, while non-TB p
186 ences in population vulnerability to warming
are defined by spatial patterns in thermal adaptation.
187 up, individualised nutritional support goals
were defined by specialist dietitians and nutritional su
188 COPD
was defined by spirometry with the 2017 Global Initiativ
189 Sampling strata
are defined by splitting the estimated regression interc
190 eproductive output and pollinator dependence
were defined by strong trait trade-offs, which ranged fr
191 l" in SK2, the structure of which has yet to
be defined by structural biology techniques.
192 Each vector
was defined by structural (x-axis) and functional (y-axi
193 etic changes that underpin Wilms tumour have
been defined by studies of familial cases and by unbiase
194 d research questions to address these topics
were defined by summit participants.
195 Remission
was defined by symptom improvement and less than 15 eosi
196 DPN
was defined by symptoms, signs, and nerve conduction stu
197 d that macrophage transcriptional phenotypes
are defined by the current cell microenvironment, rather
198 TAA-PTM radicals that have high CT energies
are defined by the electronic hybridization of the CT st
199 These fibroblasts
are defined by the expression of a canonical Wnt transcr
200 Both neuronal populations
are defined by the expression of dopamine D(1)R or D(2)R
201 high proportion of adaptive NK cells, which
are defined by the loss of transcription factor PLZF and
202 elet adhesion, translocation, and detachment
are defined by the molecular-level kinetic constants, th
203 s of electrical synapses of a nervous system
are defined by the neuron-specific complement of electri
204 Animal foraging and competition
are defined by the partitioning of three primary niche a
205 s (SLs) are structurally diverse lipids that
are defined by the presence of a long-chain base (LCB) b
206 ive, a number of neuropsychiatric conditions
are defined by the presence of cognitive impairment, wit
207 Mammalian group 1 ILCs
are defined by the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma
208 uous twisting in which the total twist rates
are defined by the radii of the nanowires.
209 y exclusive subcomplexes, PRC2.1 and PRC2.2,
are defined by the set of accessory proteins bound to th
210 The line bandwidth and intensity
are defined by the shape and length of the bunch train.
211 Short-term responses
are defined by the tolerances of individuals, their capa
212 on mobility, and sharp absorption edges that
are defined by the twisted molecular conformation.
213 owing racial/ethnic minority categories that
are defined by the United States Office of Management an
214 opment and widespread use of vaccines, which
are defined by the World Health Organization as "biologi
215 Aromaticity can
be defined by the ability of a molecule to sustain a rin
216 ar consequence of MOR desensitization cannot
be defined by the activity of a single effector system.
217 Our data suggest that PMD should not
be defined by the appearance of new lesions, but rather
218 findings challenge the notion that NMPs can
be defined by the exclusive co-expression of Sox2 and T
219 n donation after circulatory death (DCD) can
be defined by the permanent cessation of brain circulati
220 The critical overlayer roughness was
be defined by the transition of RMS roughness which was
221 verity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have
been defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).
222 Traditionally, PRF motifs have
been defined by the characteristics of two cis elements:
223 The phylum Apicomplexa has
been defined by the presence of the apical complex, a st
224 This syndrome has
been defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and P
225 atory failure in critically ill patients and
is defined by the acute onset of noncardiogenic pulmonar
226 umber spectra over the mesoscale band, which
is defined by the characteristic length scale of mesosca
227 regulatory network inside a eukaryotic cell
is defined by the combinatorial actions of transcription
228 This region
is defined by the consensus MADAxVSFxVxKLxxLLxxEx (MADA
229 HC structure
is defined by the cytoskeleton, which is mainly composed
230 Somatic sensation
is defined by the existence of a diversity of primary se
231 nitor, which generates other ILC subsets and
is defined by the expression of the transcription factor
232 Although migraine
is defined by the headache and headache-associated sympt
233 ; thus, the output of the nociceptive neuron
is defined by the integration and computation of the inp
234 te of covalently closed, double-stranded DNA
is defined by the knot type $K$ and the linking-number d
235 Regulatory T (Treg) cell identity
is defined by the lineage-specifying transcription facto
236 lution than is typically interrogated, which
is defined by the precise identity and location of a neu
237 Type 2 RTS, which
is defined by the presence of bi-allelic mutations in RE
238 It
is defined by the presence of endometrium-like tissue (l
239 Neuropathologically, it
is defined by the presence of perivascular hyperphosphor
240 tionale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome
is defined by the presence of systemic hypoxia and conse
241 The output of a single terminal
is defined by the properties of the transducer channels
242 As termination
is defined by the release of product RNA from the transc
243 rees against the underlying SnS(2) crystal -
is defined by the SnS intermediate rather than the subst
244 Based on the survey (92% response rate), TO
was defined by the absence of postoperative pancreatic f
245 Degree of VF damage
was defined by the average VF sensitivity within the int
246 The optimal fixed FEV1:FVC threshold
was defined by the best discrimination for these COPD-re
247 Probable or definite FH
was defined by the Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria.
248 Severity of glaucoma
was defined by the extent of visual field loss, based on
249 Incident HF
was defined by the International Classification of Disea
250 from when the entity ankylosing spondylitis
was defined by the modified New York criteria in 1984.
251 Carbapenem resistance
was defined by the most recent breakpoints and applied a
252 Periodontitis
was defined by the Periodontal Profile Class System adap
253 on 3.7 (Medisoft, Leeds, United Kingdom) and
was defined by the presence of at least 2 adjacent testi
254 A positive Tc-99m pyrophosphate study
was defined by the presence of diffuse myocardial tracer
255 Celiac disease
was defined by the presence of small intestinal villus a
256 Pelvic infection
was defined by the presence of two or more of four clini
257 If the end of the 20th century
was defined by the relatively widespread acceptance of d
258 varied greatly across different tissues and
was defined by the rNTP/dNTP ratio of the tissue.
259 FD/IBS
was defined by the Rome IV criteria, biliary colic by th
260 Abnormal pulmonary VR
was defined by the slope of increase in pulmonary pressu
261 for noninferiority of linagliptin vs placebo
was defined by the upper limit of the 2-sided 95% CI for
262 These programs
were defined by the expression of a few transcription fa
263 Secretors and nonsecretors
were defined by the presence and near-absence of alpha1-
264 7 consecutive unexplained cases of NIHF that
were defined by the presence of fetal ascites, pleural o
265 Whereas PITPs
are defined by their abilities to transfer phosphatidyli
266 LSCs
are defined by their capacity to initiate leukaemia in i
267 ctions of covalent organic frameworks (COFs)
are defined by their constituting building blocks, while
268 On the other hand, EBV late genes
are defined by their dependence on viral DNA replication
269 These pathways
are defined by their different biochemical specificities
270 xible biomolecules whose essential functions
are defined by their dynamic nature.
271 ytes, a hyperdiverse group of symbionts that
are defined by their occurrence within living, symptomle
272 the three main circulating monocyte subsets
are defined by their relative cell surface expression of
273 Dynamic protein molecules
are defined by their spatiotemporal characteristics and
274 The phenotypes of each breast cancer subtype
are defined by their transcriptomes.
275 etermine whether GA subgroups exist that can
be defined by their genotype and phenotype.
276 usly suggested that interneuron types should
be defined by their role in cortical processing.
277 We posit that cardinal interneuron types can
be defined by their synaptic communication properties, w
278 Transcriptional enhancers have
been defined by their ability to operate independent of
279 served across distinct cortical regions have
been defined by their morphological, electrophysiologica
280 ular HSP70s and indicate that this diversity
is defined by their affinities for specific co-chaperone
281 We found that the binding level of AHs
is defined by their interaction preference with neutral
282 ralogous pathways in the sequence space that
is defined by their specificity-determining residues(4,5
283 Subpopulations
were defined by their energy efficiency and chemotactic
284 Incident myopia
was defined by those who had at least 2 ambulatory care
285 These macrophages
are defined by tissue and nerve type, are seeded in part
286 Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
is defined by tumor microenvironment heterogeneity affec
287 this retrospective study, consensus ASPECTS
were defined by two neuroradiologists based on baseline
288 nfluence of temperature on phenolic profiles
was defined by UHPLC-HESI-MS/MS.
289 NAFLD
was defined by United States Fatty Liver Index in the ab
290 Synaesthesia
is defined by unusual sensory experiences and has also b
291 Border-zones could
be defined by using either relative infarct frequencies
292 The T2 phenotype
was defined by using a blood eosinophil count with a thr
293 AKI
was defined by using Acute Kidney Injury Network SCr-rel
294 ression and secondary progressive conversion
were defined by using standardized guidelines.
295 use; confounding variables; and asthma onset
were defined by using the Read Clinical Classification S
296 NAFLD and advanced fibrosis
were defined by using various noninvasive panels.
297 is commonly observed in SSc-ILD, whereas IPF
is defined by usual interstitial pneumonia.
298 le of interest ("preoperative optimization")
was defined by whether the patient was seen by an approp
299 The tumor biochemical phenotype
is defined by which of these exerts the greatest influen
300 Cognitive decline
was defined by worse response to a test of memory and me