ライフサイエンスコーパス: be initiated by

1 After extinction, reinstatement was initiated by 10 minutes of cue-induced drug seeking,

2 IV-positive participants not on ART and PrEP was initiated by 28 (28%) of 101 HIV-negative participan

3 Among the safer conception strategies, ART was initiated by 73 (91%) of 80 HIV-positive participant

4 l kingdom a great diversity of visual organs are initiated by a 'master control gene' called Pax6, wh

5 This is believed to be initiated by a change in glutamate decarboxylase acti

6 lineO bond formation in terminal olefins can be initiated by a combination of the Pd(II) and hyperval

7 de range of microduplication lengths and can be initiated by a variety of nucleases.

8 triggered by infection or cellular necrosis is initiated by a battery of pattern-recognition recepto

9 cell skin carcinoma, in which tumorigenesis is initiated by a carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]ant

10 The formation of each disc is initiated by a ciliary membrane evagination driven by

11 ves reversible bond breaking and making that is initiated by a combination of an activated arene and

12 sues, that in many such cases, transcription is initiated by a distal upstream CpG island (CGI) locat

13 This response is initiated by a distinct subset of CD301b(+)OX40L(+) d

14 ccharomyces cerevisiae mating-type switching is initiated by a double-strand break (DSB) at MATa, lea

15 pports the idea that yeast mtDNA replication is initiated by a DSB and bKu inhibits mtDNA replication

16 find a novel mechanism for the reaction that is initiated by a hydrogen atom abstraction reaction, wh

17 tions, we propose that benzoyl-CoA reduction is initiated by a hydrogen atom transfer from a W(IV) sp

18 O-Glycosylation is initiated by a large family of enzymes (GALNTs in mam

19 Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by a large family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide

20 rmal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is initiated by a large ligand-favored conformational ch

21 nnabinoid suppression of synaptic inhibition is initiated by a membrane-associated glucocorticoid rec

22 GPI biosynthesis is initiated by a multi-subunit enzyme, GPI-N-acetylgluc

23 The enzymatic reaction is initiated by a nucleophilic activation of the substra

24 sfer process extends ca. 300 angstrom and it is initiated by a poorly understood proton-coupled elect

25 Splicing is initiated by a productive interaction between the pre

26 It is believed that the process is initiated by a proton-coupled electron transfer proce

27 The reaction is initiated by a rate-limiting deprotonation.

28 ne pores, referred to here as ceramidosomes, is initiated by a receptor-interacting Ser/Thr kinase 1

29 This process is initiated by a short-range resection catalyzed by MRE

30 We show that Li deposition is initiated by a sluggish nucleation of a single crysta

31 re, tango7-dependent cortical dronc activity is initiated by a sublethal pulse of the inhibitor of ap

32 We show that this is initiated by a thermodynamical response of the global

33 The auto-induction is initiated by a thiol-disulfide exchange that leads to

34 chanism of this [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which is initiated by a triplet-triplet energy transfer proces

35 one station to another on a molecular thread is initiated by a UV pulse.

36 Contraction of skeletal muscle cells is initiated by a well-known signaling pathway.

37 Instead, we infer that the MPT was initiated by a change in ice sheet dynamics and that

38 cken breast meat model system when oxidation was initiated by a lipophilic radical initiator (2,2'-az

39 e 4 and its corresponding tert-butyl ester 3 was initiated by a Michael reaction to introduce the cyc

40 The LPE performed at our institution was initiated by a nondirected donor who enabled the exc

41 carried out, which revealed that the process is initiated by acceptorless dehydrogenation of the diol

42 othesise that the second outbreak could have been initiated by accidental exposure of livestock to fr

43 This process is initiated by accumulation of 53BP1 at regions of comp

44 eas the second suggests that these headaches are initiated by activation of meningeal nociceptors.

45 B cells, Ig class switch recombination (CSR) is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (A

46 The introduction of DSBs is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (A

47 Antibody diversity is initiated by activation-induced deaminase (AID), whic

48 generative pathologies like osteoporosis may be initiated by age-related shifts in anabolic and catab

49 ntibody class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) is initiated by AID-introduced DSBs in the switch (S) re

50 ory response to repair the defective barrier is initiated by amniotic fluid via activation of NF-E2-r

51 Cycles of chain extensions in FAS and PKS are initiated by an acyltransferase (AT), which loads mo

52 Skeletal muscle contractions are initiated by an increase in Ca(2+) released during e

53 In cardiac myocytes, action potentials are initiated by an influx of sodium (Na(+)) ions via vo

54 Fibrosis can be initiated by an epithelial cell dysfunction, leading

55 la, the cleavage of the syncytial blastoderm is initiated by an actomyosin network at the base of mem

56 The assembly of both heterocyclic systems is initiated by an aza-Michael reaction followed by intr

57 f the electron in the larger molecular wires is initiated by an electron-hole dissociation intermedia

58 The aggregation was initiated by an early oligomer requiring a pathogeni

59 h the evolution of the bipolar mating system was initiated by an ectopic recombination event mediated

60 The 1957 influenza pandemic was initiated by an H2N2 influenza virus.

61 We showed that ICWs were initiated by an extracellular calcium influx across

62 Adaptive cellular immunity is initiated by antigen-specific interactions between T

63 AF was initiated by applied ectopic pacing in the pulmonary

64 Chloroplast division is initiated by assembly of the stromal Z ring, composed

65 d that this intrinsically generated activity is initiated by ATP release from inner supporting cells

66 Signal-induced dissociation is initiated by autoubiquitylation of Met30 and serves a

67 Periodontal diseases are initiated by bacteria that accumulate in a biofilm o

68 Oligomerization was initiated by BH3-in-groove dimerization, without whi

69 Muscle hypertrophy was initiated by bilateral ablation of soleus agonists 1

70 l mechanosensing is a multistep process that is initiated by binding of cell surface receptors to the

71 TSHR activation is initiated by binding of the hormone ligand TSH to the

72 Here, we show that INO1 memory in yeast is initiated by binding of the Sfl1 transcription factor

73 brane conductance regulator (CFTR), F508del, is initiated by binding of the small heat shock protein,

74 Vasopressin signaling is initiated by binding to a G-protein-coupled receptor

75 IL-13-mediated signalling is initiated by binding to IL-13Ralpha1, which then recr

76 We found that activation was initiated by binding of the gamma9delta2TCR to BTN2A

77 that pathogenic donor T-cell differentiation is initiated by both professional recipient APCs (eg, de

78 l migration is a highly regulated event that is initiated by cell membrane protrusion and actin reorg

79 These feedback loops are initiated by CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) heterodimers, whi

80 Transport is initiated by coiled-coil adaptors that (a) join dynei

81 ws for condensed phase chemical reactions to be initiated by colliding droplets with different reacta

82 ious evidence that IgE-FcepsilonRI signaling is initiated by colocalization with Lyn in ordered lipid

83 Overall, our data suggest that acylation is initiated by conformational changes elicited or trapp

84 Each heartbeat is initiated by cyclic spontaneous depolarization of car

85 se a multistep process for CM pathology that is initiated by cytoadhesion of infected erythrocytes to

86 radation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is initiated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and includ

87 The fibrotic process is initiated by cytokines, neuroendocrine effectors, and

88 Import of yeast peroxisomal matrix proteins is initiated by cytosolic receptors, which specifically

89 evealed that temozolomide-induced senescence was initiated by damage recognition through the MRN comp

90 Mammalian immune responses are initiated by "danger" signals--immutable molecular s

91 Cotranslational mRNA degradation is initiated by decapping and proceeds 5' to 3' behind t

92 ocess responsible for the hydrogel formation is initiated by diffusing an acidic oil solution through

93 Production of HERNA1 is initiated by direct hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha b

94 ation of the predominant {1 0 -1 2} twinning is initiated by disconnections on the Prismatic Basal in

95 dies have shown that cryptic translation can be initiated by distinct mechanisms at non-AUG codons in

96 ll classes and found that local searches can be initiated by diverse sensory neurons.

97 Base excision repair is initiated by DNA glycosylases that recognize specific

98 Relapse to drug use can be initiated by drug-associated cues.

99 non-canonical first exon whose transcription was initiated by DUX4 binding.

100 nd Ub-like (Ubl) protein-conjugation cascade is initiated by E1 enzymes that catalyze Ub/Ubl activati

101 trode recording of SHR hearts showed that VT was initiated by early afterdepolarization (EAD)-mediate

102 Status epilepticus was initiated by electrical stimulation of the hippocamp

103 Many of these transformations are initiated by electron transfer (ET).

104 Our results indicate that PFOS degradation is initiated by electron transfer from sulfonate to iron

105 The increase phase of the fluctuations was initiated by enhanced survival, particularly of juve

106 In Drosophila, this calcium rise is initiated by entry of extracellular calcium due to op

107 lt of a complex differentiation program that is initiated by exogenous signal gradients, cellular loc

108 rice (Oryza sativa), the reproductive phase is initiated by exposure to short days when expression o

109 The induction phase (days 0-8) of conversion is initiated by expression of FGRS in mature endothelial

110 We further demonstrate that this signal is initiated by extracellular K(+) -a byproduct of neura

111 Skilled forelimb movements are initiated by feedforward motor commands conveyed by

112 ow that aggressive encounters between groups are initiated by females, who gain fitness benefits from

113 Specification of inner ear progenitors is initiated by FGF signalling.

114 While this reorganization of keratin is initiated by force transduction on cell-cell contacts

115 equires a critical protein concentration and is initiated by formation of nucleation points on the su

116 For nearly all paramyxoviruses, infection is initiated by fusion of the viral and host cell plasma

117 This process is initiated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs

118 l G protein -> adenylyl cyclase pathway that is initiated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and

119 The process of platelet adhesion is initiated by glycoprotein (GP)Ib and GPIIbIIIa recept

120 6 for whom genetic evaluation would not have been initiated by guideline-based testing.

121 Murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be initiated by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs).

122 These phenotypic alterations are initiated by HDAC1 in GBM core cells which subsequen

123 sis that enhanced vegetation responses would be initiated by high PPT, but that LST favorability woul

124 te recruitment to inflamed coronary arteries is initiated by high affinity beta2-integrin (CD11c/CD18

125 rreversible fibrosis and inflammation, which was initiated by Hippo-mediated acinar-stromal communica

126 ane conductance regulator (CFTR) degradation is initiated by Hsp27, which cooperates with Ubc9 and bi

127 on by elongation factor-bound aminoacyl-tRNA is initiated by hydrogen bond interactions between the f

128 also the fine-tuned signaling cascades that are initiated by hypoxia.

129 n the mode of activation and processing that is initiated by IFN-1, in perspective of the resulting p

130 The classical complement pathway is initiated by IgG molecules that have assembled into o

131 ationally mediated inflammatory cascade that is initiated by IL-1beta.

132 cations because the deprotection process can be initiated by illumination with light without the nece

133 easing evidence suggests that vaso-occlusion is initiated by increased adherence of sickle red blood

134 This facultative utilization of selenium was initiated by increasing cellular levels of organic,

135 The LAF onset is initiated by independent patches of localised activit

136 In the mouse model, a therapeutic approach was initiated by infusing extra Foxp3(GFP+) Tregs during

137 Infection is initiated by ingestion of infective eggs, which hatch

138 the tissue renewal and repair responses that are initiated by innate immune cells during resolution o

139 otective immune responses to viral infection are initiated by innate immune sensors that survey extra

140 These multicellular interactions are initiated by insoluble tangles of phosphorylated tau

141 critical to productive HSV-1 infection that is initiated by interaction of the ICP0 N-terminus with

142 Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and

143 Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and

144 The nonlinear processes are initiated by intra-pulse difference frequency genera

145 This process was initiated by ischemic spreading depolarizations alon

146 homologous end joining (NHEJ) in human cells is initiated by Ku heterodimer binding to a DSB, followe

147 eferred to as "triggered waves" because they are initiated by L-type Ca channel openings during the a

148 Phagocytosis is initiated by lateral clustering of receptors, which i

149 The cry1 photocycle is initiated by light absorption by its FAD chromophore,

150 We demonstrate that biochemical oscillations are initiated by local Cdk1 inactivation and spread thro

151 Such waves were initiated by local tissue damage in the outer hair

152 Catalysis is initiated by long-range radical translocation over a

153 Many cancers are initiated by loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events tha

154 tional neutrophils by lymph node neutrophils is initiated by LTB4.

155 tion of the adaptive immune response in mice was initiated by macrophage-derived, caspase 1-processed

156 Perception of sound is initiated by mechanically gated ion channels at the t

157 Touch sensation is initiated by mechanosensory neurons that innervate di

158 central role in inflammatory responses that are initiated by microbial challenges, as well as in tho

159 In chick embryos, skeletal muscle formation is initiated by migrating Delta1-expressing neural crest

160 This study was initiated by mining the Ixodes ricinus salivary glan

161 This process, designated 'trained immunity', is initiated by modulation of precursors of myeloid cell

162 OA is initiated by multiple factors, including injury, agin

163 ic studies revealed that osteocyte apoptosis was initiated by multiple myeloma cell-mediated activati

164 n between plant roots or pathogenic microbes is initiated by mutual exchange of signals.

165 The reaction is initiated by N activation of the azine, followed by n

166 One pathway of activation is initiated by N-cadherin ligation and involves the cad

167 We now understand that cGVHD is initiated by naive T cells, differentiating predomina

168 Our results show that seizures are initiated by NMDA receptor-mediated NOX-induced oxid

169 Spine shrinkage was initiated by non-ionotropic (metabotropic) signaling

170 e is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be initiated by numerous extrinsic or intrinsic factors

171 experiment suggests that this meta-arylation is initiated by ortho C-H activation and the catalytic c

172 ecognition by this class of receptors, which is initiated by pairs of lysine residues that dock into

173 on of H2(18) O, the pathway was concluded to be initiated by palladium metal catalyzed partial hydrog

174 vational metrics for evaluating whether life was initiated by panspermia on multiple planets in the T

175 such as myocardial infarction and stroke(1), is initiated by passage of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

176 This signaling is initiated by pattern recognition receptors, such as t

177 The termination phase is initiated by PDEs actively targeting the protein kina

178 matical model that suggests that disruptions are initiated by perturbation of a permanently stable st

179 icosanoid production in most mammalian cells is initiated by phospholipase A(2)-mediated release of a

180 This response is initiated by phosphorylation of eIF2alpha to diminish

181 This process is initiated by phosphorylation of its carboxyl terminus

182 yte-to-macrophage differentiation, which can be initiated by physiological or atherogenic factors, is

183 Thus, deleterious effects of shear stress are initiated by Piezo1 but require TRPV4.

184 In Drosophila, processing of pre-piRNAs is initiated by piRNA-guided Slicer cleavage or the endo

185 sis was instrumental for their migration and was initiated by pro-migratory stimuli via a PI3K-mTORC2

186 ubcortical band heterotopia (SBH), likely to be initiated by progenitor delamination from the VZ earl

187 Meiotic recombination is initiated by programmed double strand breaks (DSBs),

188 the change in cortical state are thought to be initiated by projections from the mesencephalic locom

189 tinct respiratory neural control regions can be initiated by prolonged hypoxia exposure and may be mo

190 Activation of KcsA is initiated by proton binding to the pH gate upon an in

191 aa1 and C57BL/6 mice revealed that arthritis is initiated by radiation-sensitive cells, but orchestra

192 Spindle checkpoint signaling is initiated by recruitment of the kinase MPS1 to unatta

193 mia (AML) is epigenetic dysregulation, which is initiated by recurrent translocations and/or mutation

194 Regurgitation was initiated by removing targeted chordae tendineae tha

195 a reporter system where RDR6-dependent PTGS is initiated by restricted expression of an inverted-rep

196 hus clearly depict a signalling cascade that is initiated by RGF1, linking this peptide to mechanisms

197 We show that TCR is initiated by RNAPIIo-bound CSB, which recruits CSA th

198 The process was initiated by screening a fragment library and follow

199 Mutagenomics is initiated by sequencing the genomes of the mutants id

200 hed a conceptual model hypothesizing that BV is initiated by sexual transmission of Gardnerella vagin

201 Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is initiated by shedding, and the remaining stubs are fu

202 h are critical for control of WNV infection, are initiated by signaling through pathogen recognition

203 T cell activation is initiated by signaling molecules downstream of the T

204 re two separate types of inflorescence which are initiated by similar developmental processes but gra

205 The process of vision is initiated by single-photon absorption in the molecule

206 The reaction is initiated by solar light or the blue LED activation o

207 Most clear cell renal carcinomas (ccRCCs) are initiated by somatic inactivation of the VHL tumor s

208 and humans, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are initiated by SPO11 at recombination hotspots activat

209 Meiotic recombination is initiated by SPO11-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs

210 ferentiation in the embryonic gonadal ridge, is initiated by SRY, a Y-encoded architectural transcrip

211 s have provided insights into whether cancer is initiated by stem or more specified cells under vario

212 olding of the disulfide bond-lacking variant is initiated by strands A or G and that disulfide bond-m

213 that, like monooxygenation, alkene formation is initiated by substrate C-H bond abstraction.

214 Lysis of intact fibrin is initiated by t-PA, and uPA activates the remaining pl

215 uropathological mechanism of early AD, which is initiated by tau accumulation in MEC, and demonstrate

216 We propose that MEN signaling is initiated by Tem1 at the dSPB and that association of

217 Chromosome segregation and mitotic exit are initiated by the 1.2-MDa ubiquitin ligase APC/C (ana

218 ingle-strand DNA overhangs at the break that are initiated by the action of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX

219 substituted chiral aza- and carbocycles, and are initiated by the addition of an arylboronic acid to

220 As these overlapping processes are initiated by the beta-arr/IGF1R interaction and cont

221 The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by the C1r/C1s (classical) and MASP-1/MASP

222 ing and memory, and many forms of plasticity are initiated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutama

223 review covers free radical additions, which are initiated by the formal addition of a hydrogen atom

224 Streams of migratory cells are initiated by the formation of tandem pairs of cells

225 Infections are initiated by the transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotei

226 l, PYG activation was EGFR-dependent and may be initiated by the constitutively active form of RAS.

227 amounts of aggregated protein is thought to be initiated by the formation of transient intermediate

228 h protein or chemical adducts is believed to be initiated by the MRN complex in conjunction with CtIP

229 rando microscopy observation was revealed to be initiated by the solid-solution reaction of the LiMO2

230 Oscillations could be initiated by the transient opening of IP(3) receptors

231 ding cause of dementia, and its pathogenesis is initiated by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta)

232 It is initiated by the binding and nicking of double-strand

233 B-cell activation is initiated by the binding of antigen to the B-cell rec

234 This pathway is initiated by the binding of Wnt ligands to the Frizzl

235 The process of photosynthesis is initiated by the capture of sunlight by a network of

236 For coding genes, termination is initiated by the cleavage/polyadenylation machinery.

237 "cluster-cloud." It is found that nucleation is initiated by the collapse of a cluster-cloud, first f

238 and break repair by homologous recombination is initiated by the Ctp1 protein together with the Mre11

239 corresponds to the lipids' peroxidation and is initiated by the delocalization of the targeted doubl

240 de of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is initiated by the disappearance of notochordal cells a

241 De novo sphingolipid biosynthesis is initiated by the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (

242 to establish l-4-Cl-Kyn biosynthesis, which is initiated by the flavin-dependent tryptophan chlorina

243 intracellular membrane-trafficking pathway, is initiated by the formation of an isolation membrane (

244 CME is initiated by the formation of clathrin-coated pits (C

245 red that the aggregation of beta-parvalbumin is initiated by the formation of dimers stabilized by di

246 The results reveal an assembly pathway which is initiated by the formation of head-to-head non-toxic

247 In flowering plants, seed development is initiated by the fusion of the maternal egg and centr

248 A potential third pathway is initiated by the G-protein alpha subunit Gpa1.

249 Formation of smHSSs is initiated by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilica

250 GVHD is initiated by the interaction between recipient antige

251 mechanistic studies showed that the reaction is initiated by the ketone catalyst and involves a trans

252 processive run regardless of whether the run is initiated by the KIF3A or KIF3C motor domain.

253 propose that the cytoplasmic reorganization is initiated by the local contraction of laterally align

254 The ejection is initiated by the loss of the G protein spike that enc

255 The endoderm GRN in Caenorhabditis elegans is initiated by the maternally supplied SKN-1/Nrf2 bZIP

256 In ON-BCs, synaptic transmission is initiated by the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGl

257 response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is initiated by the MRX/MRN complex (Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 in

258 Polycomb recruitment is initiated by the PCGF3/5-PRC1 complex, which catalyze

259 Conventional models posit that TCR signaling is initiated by the phosphorylation of receptor-associat

260 The reaction is initiated by the RAG1-RAG2 protein complex which bind

261 T (Th) cell-dependent lung eosinophilia that is initiated by the rapid response of bronchiolar club c

262 This replication is initiated by the recognition of hemimethylated CpG si

263 w that transit through the lymphatic network is initiated by the recognition of leukocyte-derived hya

264 V(D)J recombination is initiated by the recombination-activating gene (RAG)

265 V(D)J recombination is initiated by the recombination-activating gene protei

266 Whereas contraction is initiated by the release of calcium from the sarcopla

267 rosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the retention and accumulation of choles

268 Assembly of a COPI coated vesicle is initiated by the small GTPase Arf1 that recruits the

269 eta-amyloidosis to show that hyperactivation is initiated by the suppression of glutamate reuptake.

270 systemic stress-evoked sterile inflammation is initiated by the sympathetic nervous system, resultin

271 Reactivation from latency is initiated by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethaso

272 obulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) is initiated by the transcription-coupled recruitment of

273 Neurogenesis is initiated by the transient expression of the highly c

274 1(st) century, a new era in nuclear medicine was initiated by the clinical introduction of small-mole

275 Our study was initiated by the functionalization of magnetic beads

276 ions and experiments reveal that overgrazing was initiated by the loss of sea otters, Enhydra lutris

277 The cyclization process was initiated by the migration of double bond from alpha

278 The minor folding pathway was initiated by the register-shifted sheet, which is co

279 tion of possible catalysts for this reaction was initiated by the screening of simple binary and tern

280 utation and normal antibody-loop lengths and were initiated by the founder virus MPER.

281 and focus on what kind of chemical reactions are initiated by these short-lived radical species in so

282 ptosis induction, whereas survival signaling is initiated by TNFR1 at the plasma membrane, we examine

283 dependent on DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) and are initiated by Top1 incision at the relevant ribonucle

284 ctivation of the ATF6alpha signaling pathway is initiated by trafficking of ATF6alpha from the ER to

285 ormation of intercellular adhesive junctions is initiated by trans binding between cadherins on adjac

286 In mammals, testicular differentiation is initiated by transcription factors SRY and SOX9 in XY

287 The opening of voltage-gated ion channels is initiated by transfer of gating charges that sense th

288 ify a neuronal cell death mechanism that can be initiated by transient-stress-induced cytosolic de-mi

289 Assembly is initiated by transient rather than stable protein bin

290 Most colon cancer cases are initiated by truncating mutations in the tumor suppr

291 Dioxane metabolism can be initiated by two catabolic enzymes, propane monooxyge

292 Down-regulation of vacuole membrane proteins is initiated by ubiquitination, which is accomplished by

293 hat the mechanism of catalyst photoreduction is initiated by ultrafast electron injection into TiO2,

294 d-forming event is a convergent process that is initiated by unselective allylation of N-(aryloxy)imi

295 The open-to-closed transition can be initiated by "unzipping" the extracellular domain and

296 Photoinduced single electron transfer has been initiated by utilizing the visible-light absorptivi

297 HIV-1 infection is initiated by viral Env engaging the host receptor CD4

298 Infection is initiated by viral glycoprotein-mediated fusion betwe

299 piratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is initiated by virus binding to the ACE2 cell-surface r

300 Chromosome dimer resolution is initiated by XerD.