ライフサイエンスコーパス: betaine

1 resence and absence of the osmolyte, glycine betaine.

2 xocobalamin, methylcobalamin, methionine and betaine.

3 s, was up-regulated during growth on glycine betaine.

4 miting the ability of most plants to produce betaine.

5 carry out corrinoid methylation with glycine betaine.

6 ts with severe MTHFR deficiency treated with betaine.

7 x S) plants showed increased accumulation of betaine.

8 e MCD diet, and these improved modestly with betaine.

9 pB catalyzes anoxic demethylation of proline betaine.

10 mechanism that is distinct from glycine and betaine.

11 nhanced sorption of long-chain fluorotelomer betaines.

12 s by deprotonation of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines.

13 in the iminophosphorane intermediate to give betaines.

14 ormation of cyclic intermediates rather than betaines.

15 t sizes: choline, 0.35 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.57); betaine, 0.29 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.58); methionine, 0.31 (95

16 3-yl)quinolinium derivative or the mesomeric betaine 2-(1-methylquinolinium-3-yl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihyd

17 calculations on the structures of mesomeric betaine 22a, the carbene 23a, and the mechanisms of the

18 - and 4-substituted benzoates, the mesomeric betaines 3- and 4-[(1-methylquinolinium-3-yl)ethynyl]ben

19 proline betaine (stachydrine), beta-alanine betaine, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, trigonelline, N,N,N-tr

20 tinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernati

21 The 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaine (6:2 FTAB) bioaccumulated in earthworms [BSAF ~

22 those of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaine, 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates, and short

23 A quaternary ammonium betaine 7 is described which shows exceptional potency a

24 Notably, fluorotelomer sulfonamide betaines (8:2-FTAB and 10:2-FTAB), fluorotelomer betaine

25 tion of either (a) a novel drink powder (4 g betaine, 800 mug folic acid, 5.2 mug vitamin B12, and 2.

26 ines (8:2-FTAB and 10:2-FTAB), fluorotelomer betaines (9:3-FTB, 11:3-FTB and 9:1:2 FTB) and 6:2 fluor

27 Choline can be irreversibly converted to betaine, a major source of methyl groups.

28 lamp association is also promoted by glycine betaine, a zwitterionic compound that accumulates intrac

29 tly demonstrating a requirement for CHDH for betaine accumulation in oocytes.

30 Overall, betaine accumulation is a previously unsuspected physiol

31 c homeostasis reestablishment due to glycine betaine accumulation.

32 Betaine administration failed to improve glucose homeost

33 Moreover, betaine administration to mice with diet-induced obesity

34 betC genes, encoding choline dehydrogenase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and choline sulfatase, re

35 ce-associated protein/B12D-related protein1, Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, and Unknown protein5.

36 Here, we describe the discovery that betaine aldehyde inhibits TMA production from choline by

37 establish for identifying and characterizing betaine aldehyde provides a framework for developing add

38 vitro assays and a crystal structure suggest betaine aldehyde targets the gut microbial enzyme cholin

39 By contrast, baseline levels of betaine, also known as glycine betaine (hazard ratio 0.8

40 hospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and for betaine, an important osmoregulator.

41 esis and transport, respectively, of glycine betaine, an osmoprotectant used during osmotic stress.

42 s in chestnut, no one has appeared so far on betaines, an important class of nitrogen compounds ubiqu

43 iotracers are readily oxidized to respective betaine analogs, with metabolites detectable in plasma s

44 fore, the pre-harvest application of glycine-betaine and A. nodosum can be a good alternative to prom

45 Glycine-betaine and A. nodosum treated cherries presented higher

46 rapid biosynthesis of predominantly glycine betaine and an increased root-to-shoot ratio to explore

47 ored partitioning of dietary choline between betaine and CDP-PC among NP (MTHFR rs1801133 and MTR rs1

48 Betaine and choline are abundantly present in wheat spec

49 Our results indicate that maternal betaine and choline concentrations are not strongly asso

50 free and bound phenolic acids (PAs) profile, betaine and choline contents were quantified in six diff

51 recombinant DSY3156 protein converts glycine betaine and cob(I)alamin to dimethylglycine and methylco

52 Betaine and free-choline concentrations were measured by

53 concentrations of homocysteine, choline, and betaine and genotyped them for 2 polymorphisms with effe

54 Valine betaine and glutamine betaine, the latter never reported

55 nventional preferential solvation arguments, betaine and glycine both increase the surface tension at

56 or each have previously been associated with betaine and Hcy levels in GWAS.

57 Betaine and its precursor choline are important componen

58 ionally, PDX increased the levels of glycine betaine and L-carnitine in plasma samples, which correla

59 e-carbon metabolism, associated with glycine betaine and L-carnitine, and bile acid and tryptophan me

60 r database (MGDB) including folate, choline, betaine and methionine, for use in the European Prospect

61 ocytes are gated by microM concentrations of betaine and mM concentrations of choline.

62 liver, with lower concentrations of choline, betaine and phosphocholine.

63 se in production of osmoprotectants, such as betaine and polyols, and metal-chelating organic acids.

64 ied surfactants with functionalities such as betaine and quaternary ammonium was improved with the Me

65 ract of C. sapidus, while homarine, lactate, betaine and taurine characterized E. verrucosa and C. pa

66 ylates Co(I)-MtqC in the presence of proline betaine and that other quaternary amines are much less p

67 tus was low and that the association between betaine and tHcy depended on folate status at 24-27 and

68 choline and its closely related metabolites, betaine and TMAO, with linear growth and stunting in you

69 Blood samples to measure betaine and total choline concentrations and single nucl

70 then determined whether oocytes synthesized betaine and whether CHDH was required.

71 tnut cultivated in Italy, the composition of betaines and ammonium compounds intermediates of their b

72 ccurs around neutral pH, while the two other betaines and PFOAAmS have pK(a) values that are outside

73 nd N,N,N-trimethyl homoserine (or homoserine betaine) and elucidated its biosynthetic pathway.

74 eous solution, the N-methyl-6-oxyquinolinium betaine, and analyze it in terms of far IR and THz frequ

75 methionine metabolites S-adenosylmethionine, betaine, and cystathionine in MS gray matter.

76 f labile methyl groups (choline, methionine, betaine, and folate) is important for normal liver funct

77 flours, whereas an uncommon betaine, valine betaine, and glutamine betaine were present only in flou

78 ee osmolytes, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, and glycine, on the hydrophobic collapse of an

79 Accordingly, levels of methionine, betaine, and homocysteic acid were dose-dependently incr

80 rbon cofactors vitamins B6 and B12, choline, betaine, and methionine and neural tube defect (NTD) out

81 Plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, and phosphatidylcholine were measured with the

82 out of control (e.g., glutathione, acetate, betaine, and phosphocholine).

83 We measured serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations by using liquid chromat

84 edian (25th, 75th percentile) serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations were 6.4 (4.8, 8.3), 12

85 tion coefficients of age with serum choline, betaine, and TMAO were -0.57 (P < 0.0001), -0.26 (P < 0.

86 ound that concentrations of the methyl donor betaine are decreased in MS cortex and are correlated wi

87 polymer-water interface, whereas glycine and betaine are strongly depleted.

88 Two osmolytes, proline and glycine-betaine, are then shown to recharge the surface by relea

89 xpense of betaine synthesis even when use of betaine as a methyl donor was increased.

90 We suggest betaine as a potential therapeutic agent because it effe

91 centrations the organism switches to glycine betaine as its major osmoprotectant.

92 hylation of homocysteine to methionine, with betaine as the methyl donor, and has previously been tho

93 ach to preventing diabetes, and increases in betaine at 2 years were also associated with lower diabe

94 Betaine attenuates pathology by stimulating lipid oxidat

95 s that followed the accident, as did several betaine-based PFASs (8:2-FTAB, 10:2-FTAB, 9:3-FTB, 11:3-

96 With time, levels of betaine-based PFASs gradually decreased in fish, possibl

97 Glycine betaine (betaine) has the highest cellular osmoprotectiv

98 The formation of a betaine between pyridine and an aldehyde is presented to

99 Both the folate cycle and betaine/BHMT appear to contribute to a methyl pool requi

100 nd biomarker-derived intake (urinary proline betaine biomarker) data from participants (n = 565) as p

101 In this report, genes encoding these betaine biosynthesizing enzymes, Mpgsmt and Mpsdmt, were

102 tudies using two UCST-type TRILs, protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]

103 A 3.2 M solution of protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N])

104 er-deficit stresses which de novo synthesize betaine by the stepwise methylation of glycine, catalyze

105 Because betaine can be synthesized in mammalian cells via cholin

106 Cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), which is a biodegradable ampholytic surf

107 d, inosine, inosine monophosphate, creatine, betaine, carnosine and hypoxanthine) out of eighteen met

108 We have developed a new class of cinchonium betaine catalysts bearing both a base moiety and an arom

109 ed circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal s

110 Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with r

111 In pigs, betaine, choline, creatinine, tryptophan, and phenylalan

112 illatory production of S-adenosylmethionine, betaine, choline, phosphocholine, glyceophosphocholine,

113 Notably, the plasma betaine:choline ratio was inversely associated with colo

114 1, aflatoxin G1, aspergillic acid, aspyrone, betaine, chrysogine, deacetyl parasiticolide A, flufuran

115 rvest application of salicylic acid, glycine-betaine complex and seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum

116 identified, and non-fluorinated zwitterionic betaine compounds, which are considered to be replacemen

117 Plasma betaine concentration, tHcy, and theMTHFR677C>T polymorp

118 We included 955 pregnant women whose plasma betaine concentrations were measured at 26-28 wk of gest

119 Betaine concentrations were not significantly different

120 our knowledge, DSY3156 is the first glycine betaine:corrinoid methyltransferase described, and a des

121 evelopment, we hypothesized that choline and betaine could also be positively related to academic ach

122 t than after the RG diet, whereas melatonin, betaine, creatine, acetylcholine, aspartate, hydroxyprol

123 monstrate that the oxidative choline-glycine betaine degradation pathway can operate in a fully rever

124 first described anoxic mechanism of proline betaine demethylation.

125 tood about the importance of the alternative betaine-dependent methylation pathway-catalyzed by betai

126 restore methylation capacity through choline/betaine-dependent SAM synthesis.

127 B-pyridinium or B-ammonium boranephosphonate betaine derivatives.

128 a biomarkers of choline metabolism [choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TM

129 oassay and plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, retinol, essential fatty acids

130 f organic compatible solutes such as glycine betaine does not perturb the functioning of cytoplasmic

131 ed in conjunction with the methylation agent betaine, dramatically increased survival in mice fed a n

132 ine, acetylcholine, L-carnitine, and glycine betaine effectively.The choline-binding protein ChoX exh

133 In aziridinations, betaine formation is nonreversible with semistabilized y

134 diastereoselectivities are determined in the betaine forming step and are more variable as a result.

135 onamide alkylbetaines (FTABs), fluorotelomer betaines (FTBs), 6:2 fluorotelomer mercaptoalkylamido su

136 uorinated chain length for n:3 fluorotelomer betaines (FtBs), n:1:2 FtB, and n:2 FTAB.

137 tSs), zwitterionic fluorotelomer sulfonamido betaines (FtSaBs), and cationic 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfon

138 (BPDBA) is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the betaine/GABA transporter 1 (BGT1).

139 Thermolysis of the betaines gave rise to 2-dialkylaminobenzoxazoles with co

140 Glycine betaine (GB) is one of the key compatible solutes that a

141 ve extraordinarily high affinity for glycine betaine (GBT), with half-saturation (K (s) ) values arou

142 the rapid uptake of choline but not glycine betaine (GBT).

143 we also detected several metabolites (e.g., betaine, guanidine acetic acid, and 2-aminoheptanoic aci

144 oline, and methionine and moderate intake of betaine had approximately half the risk of an NTD-affect

145 Glycine betaine (betaine) has the highest cellular osmoprotective efficie

146 arnitine, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine, have recently been identified as novel risk fac

147 ine levels of betaine, also known as glycine betaine (hazard ratio 0.84 per SD log metabolite level,

148 significantly over time due to impairment of betaine-Hcy S-methyltransferase (BHMT) function.

149 and a progressive decline of osmolytes like betaine, homarine and taurine during storage.

150 choline biosynthesis and maintaining glycine betaine homeostasis in fungi.

151 We also found expression of the enzyme betaine homocysteine methyltransferase in cortical neuro

152 AM from betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), which is

153 e-dependent methylation pathway-catalyzed by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT)-for establ

154 We studied C57Bl/6J Bhmt (betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase)-null mice at age

155 A (Mat1a), adenosylhomocysteinase (Achy) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) mRNA and

156 small heterodimer partner [SHP]-null mice), betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt), or both

157 Taurine alleviates repression of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase and significant

158 Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase deficiency caus

159 Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferases (BHMTs) are me

160 The occurrence of pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) and its biosynthetic precursor

161 first time the occurrence of pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) and its precursor 1,2-N-methyl

162 A alcohol-based-DES consists of betaine hydrochloride - glycerol (1:3) as extraction sol

163 The cyclizations involve the formation of betaines (imidazoliumylpyrrolides) under basic condition

164 oligopeptide importer (oppABCDF) and glycine betaine importer (gbuABC) allowed DeltadacA mutants to g

165 ittle literature available on the content of betaine in cereal products, nor on betaine intake from c

166 The biosynthetic pathway for betaine in higher plants is derived from the oxidation o

167 nimal models demonstrating a direct role for betaine in modulating metabolic health.

168 % of betaine in Western diets, and 20-40% of betaine in South-East Asian diets.

169 Cereals are the main source of betaine in the diet, though there is little literature a

170 Total choline and betaine in the NAP group did not differ from controls.

171 ed maturing oocytes autonomously synthesized betaine in vitro in the presence of choline, whereas thi

172 cereal foods provide approximately 60-67% of betaine in Western diets, and 20-40% of betaine in South

173 We report the LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of betaines in commercial flours of cereals and pseudocerea

174 Together, these data indicate that dietary betaine increases Fgf21 levels to improve metabolic heal

175 bolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understand

176 ontent of betaine in cereal products, nor on betaine intake from cereals.

177 Our findings indicate betaine is a marker of diabetes risk among high-risk ind

178 be due to improved liver metabolism because betaine is a methyl-donor in liver methylation but is no

179 The protective effect of betaine is likely due to the stimulation of beta-oxidati

180 The betaine is oxidized by the oxoammonium salt to give an N

181 ntify genetic factors associated with plasma betaine levels and determine their effect on risk of cor

182 We demonstrate that plasma betaine levels are reduced in insulin-resistant humans a

183 tivity, and significant depletion of hepatic betaine levels.

184 The betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-trimethyl-bet

185 ol-to-sulfolipid and a phosphatidycholine-to-betaine lipid replacement followed by a late accumulatio

186 ds in the cells' membranes with galacto- and betaine lipids.

187 e dichotomized (high vs. low) for all except betaine (low or middle vs. high).

188 Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels com

189 Betaine markedly blunted all these actions of ethanol on

190 both de novo synthesis and uptake of glycine betaine, matching the biosynthesis and transport systems

191 Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the

192 seudocereal quinoa had the highest amount of betaine measured (3900 mug/g).

193 the nanomolar range for choline and glycine betaine, micromolar Kd for stachydrine and trigonelline

194 red shift in the OH stretch region, whereas betaine minimally impacted this region.

195 described, in which an imidazolium-aryloxide betaine moiety cooperates with a Lewis acidic metal cent

196 Betaine monohydrate-based natural deep eutectic solvents

197 The betaine monohydrate-glycerol NADES in a molar ratio of 1

198 Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) plays key roles in mous

199 but only a few cell types generate SAM from betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) via betaine-homocystein

200 that glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine, N(epsilon)-trimethyllysine were metabolites com

201 ycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, glycine betaine, N-methylproline, proline betaine (stachydrine),

202 The initially produced 1,3-betaine (o-sulfonium/aryl carbanion) undergoes intramole

203 s acute intake biomarkers of citrus (proline betaine), oily fish (methylhistidine), coffee (dihydroca

204 s of ethanol-polyunsaturated fatty acids and betaine on hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis.

205 hat LuxR activates expression of the glycine betaine operon betIBA-proXWV, which enhances growth reco

206 Glycine Betaine Optical Sensor (GBOS), a genetically-encoded FRE

207 Currents elicited by betaine or choline were allosterically potentiated by nM

208 the maximal current amplitudes achieved with betaine or choline, making monepantel a superagonist.

209 THFR deficiency, of whom at least 1 received betaine, or (2) single patients with severe MTHFR defici

210 tration (~10 mM) at which the KCl to glycine betaine osmoprotectant switch in H. halophila occurs is

211 Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher i

212 Connecting quorum-sensing and glycine betaine pathways presumably enables V. harveyi to tune i

213 taines, yet perfluorooctane sulfonamidoalkyl betaine (PFOSB) showed strong sorption in selected soils

214 As expected, betaine prevented MCD diet-induced NASH.

215 Treatment with betaine produced a rapid decline of homocysteine by 50%

216 ic analysis indicates this NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase is highly conserved and widespread in

217 immunoprecipitation experiments showed that betaine regulates metabolic genes in human SH-SY5Y neuro

218 Using a betaine-responsive preclinical mouse model of HCU, we ob

219 Oxidation of D9-choline through D9-betaine resulted in the transfer of 1 deuterated methyl

220 The subsequent uptake of glycine betaine returns SH3 to the stability observed without os

221 e, demonstrating that Fgf21 is necessary for betaine's beneficial effects.

222 nd methylation potential, higher creatinine, betaine, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and S-adenosylmet

223 oil increased several metabolites (glycine, betaine, serine and methionine) that are essential to th

224 ring a virus-mimetic zwitterionic surface, a betaine side chain and an ultralow critical micelle conc

225 e, glycine betaine, N-methylproline, proline betaine (stachydrine), beta-alanine betaine, 4-guanidino

226 eliloti towards betonicine, choline, glycine betaine, stachydrine and trigonelline.

227 to examine the association between maternal betaine status and neonatal birth size and adiposity in

228 However, the relation between maternal betaine status and offspring birth weight and body compo

229 Higher maternal betaine status was generally associated with smaller inf

230 However, the betaine structure in between the two transition states i

231 ve metabolic health in mice and suggest that betaine supplementation merits further investigation as

232 Betaine supplementation results in lower body weight and

233 lel with these beneficial metabolic effects, betaine supplementation robustly increased hepatic and c

234 ause of the potential therapeutic benefit of betaine supplementation.

235 with a methionine (Met)-restricted diet and betaine supplementation.

236 gue-Dawley rats a control diet, MCD diet, or betaine-supplemented MCD (MCD+B) diet for 8 wk and colle

237 nine, N1-acetylspermidine, xanthine, uracil, betaine, symmetric dimethylarginine, and asymmetric-dime

238 The Na(+)-coupled betaine symporter BetP senses changes in the membrane st

239 hate (CDP)-choline pathway at the expense of betaine synthesis even when use of betaine as a methyl d

240 phatidylcholine production at the expense of betaine synthesis.

241 vel sulfating reagent, TriButylSulfoAmmonium Betaine (TBSAB), we developed a 3-step procedure using t

242 bundant in E. limosum cells grown on proline betaine than on lactate.

243 Valine betaine and glutamine betaine, the latter never reported before in plants and

244 spastic paraparesis partially responsive to betaine therapy.

245 ze tetrahydrofolate methylation with proline betaine, thereby forming a key intermediate in the Wood-

246 A), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or ratios of betaine to choline and LA to ALA.The findings supported

247 equential two-electron reductions of glycine betaine to choline.

248 low those used in intervention studies using betaine to lower blood homocysteine.

249 s or deprotonation of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines to give anionic NHCs is described.

250 sic conditions and the tautomerizaton of the betaines to the corresponding NHCs, which are the reacti

251 ars, amino acids, organic acids, choline and betaine) to determine whether the composition had change

252 eptides act as osmolytes, similar to glycine betaine, to disrupt intracellular osmotic pressure.

253 sociated with low serum choline and elevated betaine-to-choline and TMAO-to-choline ratios.

254 f height-for-age z score with serum choline, betaine-to-choline ratio, and TMAO-to-choline ratio were

255 However, no betaine transport into oocytes was detected during meiot

256 ions were in opuD, encoding the main glycine-betaine transporter, and alsT, encoding a predicted amin

257 Betaine treatment efficacy diminishes significantly over

258 ificantly improves the efficacy of long-term betaine treatment in a mouse model of cystathionine beta

259 The impact of betaine treatment on outcome in patients with severe met

260 notypically identical controls-revealed that betaine treatment prevented mortality (P = .002).

261 Early betaine treatment prevents mortality and allows normal p

262 imal lowering of Hcy levels during long-term betaine treatment with a concomitant normalization of in

263 Betaines (triazoliumylpyrrolides) and pyrrolyltriazole N

264 Results showed that glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine, N(epsilon)-trime

265 to all examined flours, whereas an uncommon betaine, valine betaine, and glutamine betaine were pres

266 s, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, betaine, vitamins, fibre, minerals and polyphenols.

267 The mean +/- SD plasma concentration of betaine was 13.2 +/- 2.7 mumol/L (range: 5.3-25.0 mumol/

268 Average intake of betaine was 131 mg/d, well below those used in intervent

269 nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside, and betaine was able to rescue H3K4me3 levels and respirator

270 tment for covariates, higher maternal plasma betaine was associated with lower birth weight (beta: -5

271 Moreover, betaine was increased by the lifestyle intervention, whi

272 (0.93-6.40); P trend = 0.08], whereas plasma betaine was inversely associated with colorectal cancer

273 ric potentiation measured in the presence of betaine was much smaller than in MPTL-1 receptors.

274 velopment in surviving patients treated with betaine was normal in all 5 early-treated patients but i

275 Here, we determined that endogenous betaine was present at low levels in germinal vesicle (G

276 es N-methyl proline during growth on proline betaine, we demonstrate that MtpB catalyzes anoxic demet

277 Using uptake experiments with (14) C-glycine betaine, we discovered that two strains of SAR11, Candid

278 Conversely, higher concentrations of plasma betaine were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic

279 ses in the concentration of the methyl donor betaine were correlated with decreases in histone H3 tri

280 wed that by 24-27 GW, both plasma folate and betaine were inversely associated with tHcy when folate

281 ole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and betaine were observed than in MF and SF infants.

282 ommon betaine, valine betaine, and glutamine betaine were present only in flours of barley, rye, oat,

283 roposed piezolytes glutamate, sarcosine, and betaine were used, as well as solutions containing the d

284 graphy (TOF-CIC) revealed that fluorotelomer betaines were a substantial portion of the organofluorin

285 These cinchonium betaines were found to promote proton transfer catalysis

286 relatively stable ring-opened oxyphosphonium betaines were isolated for the first time from the Ph(3)

287 O and carnitine, and lower concentrations of betaine, were associated with greater insulin resistance

288 dies; others, such as peanuts and tryptophan betaine, were novel findings.

289 ), who presented with low plasma choline and betaine, were studied to determine the metabolic charact

290 intakes for each one-carbon cofactor except betaine, where the starkest contrast occurred in the mid

291 utyric-acid, hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid, and betaine whereas Bifidobacterium was negatively associate

292 The concentration of betaine, which is beneficial for cardio-vascular health,

293 r along with diethanolamines and alkyl amido betaines, which were not found in the eight archived AFF

294 tions were the best overall common source of betaine, while the pseudocereal quinoa had the highest a

295 Steric effects deter the formation of such a betaine with 2,6-disubstituted pyridines.

296 iense was found capable of growth on glycine betaine with electron acceptors such as nitrate or fumar

297 and its precursors (choline, carnitine, and betaine) with inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biom

298 sed frequency of reactions to cocamidopropyl betaine, wool alcohol, lanolin, tixocortol pivalate, and

299 We hypothesized that supplemental betaine would protect both the liver and brain in this m

300 monium group is mitigated in polyfluoroalkyl betaines, yet perfluorooctane sulfonamidoalkyl betaine (