ライフサイエンスコーパス: bilaterian

1 als, hydra, and jellyfish) and triploblasts (bilaterians).

2 ter, the Super-Hox cluster, in the ancestral bilaterian.

3 member of phylum Cnidaria a sister group of bilaterian.

4 2, L1, M and Q1), while the majority are pan-bilaterian.

5 ome epidermal sensory cells in the ancestral bilaterian.

6 lved before the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians.

7 dy function and early ecologies of ancestral bilaterians.

8 pe predates the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians.

9 s from the lineage leading to cnidarians and bilaterians.

10 tight cluster similar to the NK clusters of bilaterians.

11 ancestor of the placozoans, cnidarians, and bilaterians.

12 nar cell polarity (PCP) and cell adhesion in bilaterians.

13 of central nervous system development across bilaterians.

14 nt physiological pathways between corals and bilaterians.

15 in a late common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians.

16 ous system in members of all major groups of bilaterians.

17 produced the full range of body plans across bilaterians.

18 opening is homologous to the mouth of other bilaterians.

19 g greatly between poriferans, cnidarians and bilaterians.

20 terior Hox gene function that is observed in bilaterians.

21 ster patterns the anterior-posterior axis of bilaterians.

22 and cardiac mesoderm development in diverse bilaterians.

23 e adult body plan is well understood in many bilaterians.

24 mation or axial patterning processes in many bilaterians.

25 n of BMP-regulated genes in widely divergent bilaterians.

26 segmentation is an ancestral feature of all bilaterians.

27 ace in the last common ancestor of Hydra and bilaterians.

28 However, these model organisms are all bilaterians.

29 sessed some of the same body parts as modern bilaterians.

30 gene cluster in the last common ancestor of Bilaterians.

31 r genes most closely related to Hox genes of bilaterians.

32 iology viewpoints acquired from the study of bilaterians.

33 entral in chordates and dorsal in many other bilaterians.

34 rative member of the sister lineage of other bilaterians.

35 sheds light on the origin of segmentation in bilaterians.

36 an, sponges, and cnidarians), and some basal bilaterians.

37 xpanded the neuronal molecular complexity in bilaterians.

38 ed in annelid mtDNA genomes, and possibly in bilaterians.

39 pepods and deuterostomes, i.e. the ancestral bilaterians.

40 of this regulatory mechanism at the base of Bilaterians.

41 iving early germline sequestration in active bilaterians.

42 ndom culling (atresia) of precursor cells in bilaterians.

43 rved by cytoplasmic IF proteins in all other bilaterians.

44 d of numerous components conserved among all bilaterians [1]; however, it is unknown how all of these

45 terstitial realm is the ancestral habitat of bilaterians [5, 6], (2) that interstitial taxa evolved f

46 the Neoproterozic; minute trails suggesting bilaterian activity date from about 600 million years ag

47 d part of the developmental "toolkit" of the bilaterian ancestor and which evolved later.

48 etazoans also indicates that the last common bilaterian ancestor possessed a diffuse nerve plexus and

49 many orthologues of genes conserved from the bilaterian ancestor that have been lost in insects.

50 central nervous system (CNS), suggesting the bilaterian ancestor used this genetic program during CNS

51 esumed to be part of a single cluster in the Bilaterian ancestor, across 20 arthropods.

52 ed was far simpler than even the last common bilaterian ancestor, and is thus of deep antiquity.

53 PA1-based electrophile detection in a common bilaterian ancestor, with widespread conservation throug

54 hat were probably present in the last common bilaterian ancestor.

55 ates that the brain arose in the last common bilaterian ancestor.

56 e segmentation mechanisms in the last common bilaterian ancestor.

57 iate neural specification in the last common bilaterian ancestor.

58 ion that was probably already present in the bilaterian ancestor.

59 genes may have been present in the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor.

60 d from a longitudinal nerve cord in a common bilaterian ancestor.

61 d that it reflects the body plan of an early bilaterian ancestor.

62 ial germ cell specification in a last common bilaterian ancestor.

63 vertebrate species and trace their origin to bilaterian ancestors through the emergence of a previous

64 tractile mesodermal midline cells existed in bilaterian ancestors.

65 genomes of unicellular eukaryotes and of non-bilaterian and bilaterian Metazoa and performed phylogen

66 ification of germline cells in the ancestral bilaterian and possibly in a separate process related to

67 In bilaterians and cnidarians, epithelial cell-polarity is

68 rom vertebrates, tunicates, amphioxus, other bilaterians and cnidarians, we build these strands into

69 subsequent to the evolutionary split between bilaterians and nonbilaterian animals.

70 orsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes in bilaterians and reveal differences in the evolutionary p

71 e conserved synteny with amphioxus and other bilaterians, and deeply conserved non-coding sequences t

72 f ctenophores and parahoxozoans (cnidarians, bilaterians, and placozoans).

73 expectedly that many of the genes present in bilaterian animal ancestors were lost by individual phyl

74 f collagen IV are homologous to those of non-bilaterian animal phyla and Bilateria.

75 riant, spongin short-chain collagens, of non-bilaterian animal phyla.

76 cation in Nematostella, a representative pre-bilaterian animal where PGCs arise as paired endomesoder

77 The sea anemone Nematostella is a non-bilaterian animal, a member of the phylum Cnidaria.

78 developmental importance of miRNAs in a non-bilaterian animal.

79 been placed as the sister group of all other bilaterian animals (Nephrozoa hypothesis), implying thei

80 after the split from the lineage leading to bilaterian animals and that it was not requisite for com

81 eptides dates back to the common ancestor of bilaterian animals and until recently it was thought to

82 The signature is present in segmented bilaterian animals as evolutionarily distant as humans a

83 t animal body plan evolution, but were early bilaterian animals large or small?

84 Most bilaterian animals possess a through gut with a separate

85 The origin of motility in bilaterian animals represents an evolutionary innovation

86 te tremendous body form diversity in nature, bilaterian animals share common sets of developmental ge

87 The nervous systems of cnidarians, pre-bilaterian animals that diverged close to the base of th

88 dataset with dense taxonomic sampling of non-bilaterian animals that was assembled using a semi-autom

89 Cnidaria is the sister taxon to bilaterian animals, and therefore, represents a key refe

90 und downstream of most pri-miRNA hairpins in bilaterian animals, but not in nematodes.

91 the Ediacaran fauna, including large, motile bilaterian animals, ca. 550-560 million year ago (Ma), r

92 during the evolution of two major groups of bilaterian animals, Ecdysozoa and Deuterostomia, and fur

93 rate that a microRNA cluster conserved among bilaterian animals, encoding miR-96, miR-182, and miR-18

94 hly expressed in the nervous systems of most bilaterian animals, have been implicated in the regulati

95 t neural cells are ectodermal derivatives in bilaterian animals, here we report the surprising discov

96 also influences primary axis polarity of pre-bilaterian animals, indicating that an axial patterning

97 In bilaterian animals, such as humans, flies and worms, hun

98 let-7 RNA is conserved among bilaterian animals, suggesting that this class of small

99 In bilaterian animals, the mitochondrial genome is small, h

100 ox genes play pivotal developmental roles in bilaterian animals, we analyzed the Hox complexes of two

101 ectively, a complex or a simple ancestor for bilaterian animals.

102 red a master regulator of eye development in bilaterian animals.

103 , and blastula embryos of early metazoans or bilaterian animals.

104 layed an important role for the evolution of bilaterian animals.

105 of mt tRNAs coincided with the evolution of bilaterian animals.

106 insights into the nature of the ancestor of bilaterian animals.

107 g of the proximodistal axis of appendages of bilaterian animals.

108 y have origins that predate the emergence of bilaterian animals.

109 diacara organisms, and, subsequently, motile bilaterian animals.

110 lex body plans than in the diploblastic, non-bilaterian animals.

111 absent from C. elegans but present in other bilaterian animals.

112 determining the timing of the appearance of bilaterian animals.

113 zed to interact in protein networks found in bilaterian animals.

114 its inferred role in shaping miRNA levels in bilaterian animals.

115 opeptides that have been identified in other bilaterian animals.

116 tion of brain and eye photoreceptor cells in bilaterian animals.

117 Our current views on the ancestry of the bilaterians are summarized in phylogenetic terms, incorp

118 igns of bilaterality, yet it is believed the bilaterians arose from radially symmetric forms hundreds

119 we estimate that the last common ancestor of bilaterians arose somewhere between 573 and 656 Ma, depe

120 olecular clocks generally date the origin of bilaterians at 600-700 Mya (during the Ediacaran).

121 s can provide a sound record of the onset of bilaterian benthic activity.

122 erior-posterior axis is a key feature of the bilaterian body plan.

123 The trunk is a key feature of the bilaterian body plan.

124 clusters in Bilateria, (ii) the diversity of bilaterian body plans, and (iii) the uniqueness and time

125 a Hox-CTCF kernel as principal organizer of bilaterian body plans.

126 Their close association with abundant bilaterian burrows also indicates that they could tolera

127 for establishing these fossils as definitive bilaterians but also has implications for the long-debat

128 the phylum Cnidaria, which is separated from bilaterians by ~600 million years.

129 Cnidarians possess many bilaterian cell-cell signaling pathways (Wnt, TGFbeta, F

130 ns, are essential cytoskeletal components of bilaterian cells.

131 ssess antecedents of the organization of the bilaterian central nervous system.

132 rize the super-clades of animals: metazoans, bilaterians, chordate and non-chordate deuterostomes, ec

133 biomedically significant branch of the major bilaterian clade Spiralia, but to date, deep evolutionar

134 visual systems of vertebrates and many other bilaterian clades consist of complex neural structures g

135 ng, which evolved independently in different bilaterian clades during the Cambrian Explosion.

136 Diverse bilaterian clades emerged apparently within a few millio

137 ated plexin extracellular domain, in several bilaterian clades, indicating evolutionary origin in a c

138 at corresponded with the appearance of novel bilaterian clades, rather than a fading away owing to th

139 n has predicted structural features that, in bilaterian classical cadherins, facilitate binding to th

140 complexes found in vertebrates, predates the bilaterian-cnidarian ancestor.

141 he earliest branches of the animal kingdom - bilaterians, cnidarians, ctenophores, sponges and placoz

142 In Bilaterians, commissural neurons project their axons acr

143 as been inherited largely unchanged from the bilaterian common ancestor and that the central nervous

144 Could this mean that the bilaterian common ancestor was segmented after all?

145 ppendage development that was present in the bilaterian common ancestor.

146 We demonstrate that bilaterians compensated for this reduced structural comp

147 on, we show that the last common ancestor of bilaterians contained a single ancestral protein (URB).

148 ieved--and present in the common ancestor of bilaterians (contains vertebrates) and placozoans.

149 ossess activities/functions similar to their bilaterian counterparts.

150 t are closely related, if not stem clades of bilaterian crown clades.

151 tropic hormone (PTTH), is present in the non-bilaterian ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi.

152 le cells in the stem lineage of eumetazoans (bilaterians + ctenophores + cnidarians).

153 component of cell-cell communication during bilaterian development, and abnormal Hedgehog signaling

154 nd calculate sponge/eumetazoan and cnidarian/bilaterian divergence times by using both distance [mini

155 700 million years-since before the cnidarian/bilaterian divergence-with a high-affinity binding site

156 at the directive axis is homologous with the bilaterian dorsal-ventral axis.

157 We show that some orthologs of key bilaterian dorso/ventral (D/V) patterning genes, includi

158 dout of Dpp signaling in a distantly related bilaterian - Drosophila.

159 100 Myr before the rapid diversification of bilaterians during the Cambrian explosion.

160 an event that occurs in each major group of bilaterians: elongation of the embryo along the anterior

161 nes that are expressed asymmetrically during bilaterian embryogenesis from the sea anemone, Nematoste

162 intriguing but poorly understood process of bilaterian embryogenesis.

163 mals, and whether this process is related to bilaterian embryonic germline induction, is unknown.

164 In many bilaterian embryos, nuclear beta-catenin (nbeta-catenin)

165 ns (BMPs) pattern the dorsal-ventral axis of bilaterian embryos; however, their roles in the evolutio

166 g to the Antennapedia (ANTP) class, which in bilaterians encompass Hox, ParaHox and NK genes.

167 In bilaterians, establishing the correct spatial positionin

168 to fully comprehend character changes during bilaterian evolution [5].

169 The key to understanding bilaterian evolution is contingent on our understanding

170 etic toolkit that was repeatedly used during bilaterian evolution to build the various forms and body

171 how the site of gastrulation has changed in bilaterian evolution while other axial components of dev

172 icroRNAs (miRNAs), some conserved throughout bilaterian evolution, collectively regulate a substantia

173 e highly informative about many questions in bilaterian evolution, including regeneration.

174 emains that could illustrate the pathways of bilaterian evolution.

175 t the endoderm and mesoderm in triploblastic bilaterians evolved from the bifunctional endomesoderm (

176 or and targeting of PTBP1 is conserved among bilaterians except for ecdysozoans, while extensive Notc

177 ly similar to that found across invertebrate bilaterians, except for massive expansions in two gene f

178 in Caenorhabditis elegans that belongs to a bilaterian family of TRH precursors.

179 tal for understanding the early evolution of bilaterian features, or as a case of drastic secondary l

180 t lack several features common to most other bilaterians, for example an anus, nephridia, and a circu

181 studied the expression of genes involved in bilaterian foregut and hindgut patterning during the dev

182 nderstanding the ontogeny of polarity in non-bilaterian forms, such as cnidarians.

183 The earliest unequivocally bilaterian fossils are approximately 555 million years o

184 known as Prdm1), which is a widely conserved bilaterian gene known to play a crucial role in the spec

185 ically reduced and compact, yet it shows the bilaterian gene toolkit.

186 involving approximately 12% of the ancestral bilaterian genome-and that cis-regulatory constraints ar

187 mals enables reconstruction of the ancestral bilaterian genome: the starting point from which most ex

188 By comparing them with diverse bilaterian genomes, we identify shared traits that were

189 uence similarities with neuropeptides of the bilaterian GnRH, adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and corazoni

190 al chordate linkage groups (and 19 ancestral bilaterian groups) by fusion, rearrangement and duplicat

191 mmetric animals, having separated from other bilaterians > 550 million years ago.

192 fies this function as an ancestral aspect of bilaterian head development.

193 ctionally that the conserved "kernel" of the bilaterian heart mesoderm GRN is operational in N. vecte

194 and brachyury-which are expressed in various bilaterian hindguts-are expressed in a small region at t

195 (NvErg1) is highly conserved with respect to bilaterian homologs and shares the IKr-like gating pheno

196 ssion of seven genes from Nematostella whose bilaterian homologs are implicated in mesodermal specifi

197 highly conserved role in axial patterning in bilaterians; however, examples highlighting the importan

198 ria represents one of the oldest total group bilaterians identified from South Australia, with little

199 The origins of predation in motile bilaterians in the Cambrian explosion is likely to have

200 alysis of brain-body complexity among extant bilaterians indicates that diffuse nerve nets and possib

201 The adult body plan of bilaterians is achieved by imposing regional specificati

202 he control of biological time in vertebrates/bilaterians is introduced.

203 losion represents a radiation of crown-group bilaterians, it was simply one phase amongst several met

204 for the oldest well-documented triploblastic bilaterian Kimberella.

205 n cardioactive peptide (CCAP) evolved in the bilaterian last common ancestor (LCA).

206 thodenticle (otx), is highly conserved among bilaterian lineages.

207 evelopmental toolkit and traces of ancestral bilaterian linkage.

208 The endomesodermal muscles of bilaterians may be homologous to the endodermal muscles

209 Mnemiopsis lacks many of the genes found in bilaterian mesodermal cell types, suggesting that these

210 es of cnidarians, implying that the original bilaterian mesodermal muscles were myoepithelial.

211 ellular eukaryotes and of non-bilaterian and bilaterian Metazoa and performed phylogenetic analyses t

212 t paradigm of gut evolution assumes that non-bilaterian metazoan lineages either lack a gut (Porifera

213 The genomes of non-bilaterian metazoans are key to understanding the molecu

214 as the preserved gastrulae of cnidarian and bilaterian metazoans can alternatively be interpreted as

215 observations reflect on mechanisms by which bilaterian metazoans might have arisen in Precambrian ev

216 ng inputs during germ layer specification in bilaterian metazoans, but there has been no direct exper

217 In contrast to the 37 genes found in most bilaterian metazoans, we recover 38 genes in the mitocho

218 gesting that these may be common features of bilaterian metazoans.

219 ing anterior-posterior axis, probably in all bilaterian metazoans.

220 t urbilaterians, the last common ancestor of bilaterians, might have already evolved a visual system

221 Bilaterian mitochondria-encoded tRNA genes, key players

222 ogs (ash) regulate neural development in all bilaterian model animals indicating that they represent

223 e results contradict the hypothesis that the bilaterian mouth and anus evolved simultaneously from a

224 oth and striated myocytes is fundamental for bilaterian musculature, but its evolutionary origin is u

225 tries are most likely a universal feature of bilaterian nervous systems and may serve to increase neu

226 ling systems involved in early patterning of bilaterian nervous systems but also raise the question o

227 s have likely evolved to make optimal use of bilaterian nervous systems; however, little is known abo

228 ems are well recognized in ctenophores, many bilaterian neuron-specific genes and genes of 'classical

229 ylogeny grouped Clytia MIHR with a subset of bilaterian neuropeptide receptors, including neuropeptid

230 Present in both cnidarians and bilaterians, neuropeptides represent an ancient and wide

231 at these calcisponges possess orthologues of bilaterian NK genes (Hex, Hmx and Msx), a varying number

232 Here we describe the fossil of a bilaterian of the terminal Ediacaran period (dating to 5

233 to the same three subfamilies into which the bilaterian opsins are classified: the ciliary (C), rhabd

234 to the activity of the early nonskeletonized bilaterians or, alternatively, large cnidarians such as

235 te for gut formation in the embryogenesis of bilaterian organisms.

236 rent view, our study reveals that genes with bilaterian origin are robustly associated with key featu

237 Tmem79 and Usp8 genes have a pre-bilaterian origin, and Tmem79 inhibition of Usp8 and Wnt

238 thought to be phyla specific are in fact of bilaterian origin.

239 A prediction from the set-aside theory of bilaterian origins is that pattern formation processes s

240 ed in light of our set-aside cell theory for bilaterian origins.

241 c transcription factors, including many with bilaterian orthologues, associate with diverse neurosens

242 compare these to related processes in other bilaterians, particularly vertebrates.

243 ntial peptides, we then reconstructed entire bilaterian peptide families and showed that protostomian

244 Ctenophore embryos, like those of many bilaterian phyla (e.g., spiralians, nematodes, and echin

245 annelid species supports data from two other bilaterian phyla in suggesting the existence of a geneti

246 Non-bilaterian phyla represent key lineages for exploring th

247 f CTCF-specific binding motifs are unique to bilaterian phyla, but absent in other eukaryotes.

248 ers are also present in some but not all non-bilaterian phyla, raising the question of how Hox-TALE i

249 The great majority of metazoans belong to bilaterian phyla.

250 on reflects, in part, the diversification of bilaterian phyla.

251 discuss new data concerning the phylogeny of bilaterian phyla.

252 let-7 is conserved throughout bilaterian phylogeny and has multiple paralogs.

253 Representing the early-branching non-bilaterian phylum Cnidaria, embryos of the sea anemone N

254 ese data reveal a close relationship between bilaterians, placozoans, and cnidarians.

255 cture of the developing germ band in another bilaterian, Pseudooides, indicates a unique mode of germ

256 elopmental processes seem to be conserved in bilaterians regardless of an independent or a common ori

257 encoded sodium-potassium ATPase gene from 31 bilaterians representing several phyla.

258 t several transcription factors have ancient bilaterian roles in dorsoventral and anteroposterior reg

259 stral gene network for insect, arthropod and bilaterian segmentation.

260 In contrast, most bilaterians sequester a dedicated germline early in deve

261 These include functional orthologs of bilaterian Shakers and channels with an unusually high t

262 In addition to miRNAs, other bilaterian small RNAs, known as Piwi-interacting RNAs (p

263 common evolutionary path for ctenophores and bilaterian species, and suggest that future work should

264 ieve potential homologs in the genomes of 15 bilaterian species, including nonchordate deuterostomian

265 ogy evaluation techniques, we identified 157 bilaterian-specific genes.

266 d bursicon originated prior to the cnidarian-bilaterian split, whereas ecdysis-triggering hormone (ET

267 on of these transcription factors influenced bilaterian stem-group evolution.

268 At this higher level of organization, common bilaterian strategies for specifying progenitor fields,

269 ss animal species and the presence of IHM in bilaterians suggest that a super-relaxed state should be

270 ustly associated with key features in extant bilaterians, suggesting a causal relationship.

271 on of these genes can be traced in all three bilaterian Superphyla.

272 herited from the last common ancestor of the bilaterian superphyla.

273 their vertebrate or fruit fly cousins, are a bilaterian taxon often overlooked when addressing the qu

274 dorsoventral (DV) patterning across diverse bilaterians, the BMP-active side is ventral in chordates

275 In bilaterians, the Shaker family consists of four function

276 he common history that placozoans share with bilaterians, then placozoan genes that contain a homeobo

277 In bilaterians they are characterised by a tuft of long cil

278 ting the developmental basis of budding in a bilaterian, this study provides insight into convergence

279 redicted gene models from the genomes of six bilaterians, three basal metazoans (Cnidaria, Placozoa,

280 gement of organs functionally similar to the bilaterian through-gut.

281 to have diverged from ciliary opsins in pre-bilaterian times, but little is known about the cells th

282 le of Notch signalling, which is part of the bilaterian toolkit, in neural stem cell evolution in art

283 sa maximally deploys the ancestral cnidarian-bilaterian transcription factor gene complement.

284 calibration points scattered throughout the bilaterian tree and across the Phanerozoic), we estimate

285 spite spectacular morphological diversity in bilaterian trunk anatomies, most insights into trunk dev

286 ferent perspective for testing hypotheses of bilaterian trunk evolution.

287 vide valuable data for testing hypotheses of bilaterian trunk evolution.

288 Ctenophores, cnidarians, and bilaterians underwent independent bouts of gene expansio

289 rts a homology between some core elements of bilaterian visual circuitries.

290 hat the regulatory landscape used by complex bilaterians was already in place at the dawn of animal m

291 ses implies that the last common ancestor of bilaterians was probably a benthic, ciliated acoelomate

292 caran trace fossils predicts that the oldest bilaterians were simple and small.

293 r neural differentiation is ancestral to the bilaterians, whereas their role in segmentation evolved

294 is notion is based exclusively on studies in bilaterians, which comprise almost all lab model animals

295 4 displays conserved structural hallmarks of bilaterian-wide NPY/NPF neuropeptides.

296 It is a small (<10 cm) bilaterian with five pairs of spiny anterior arms, an el

297 Yilingia is an elongate and segmented bilaterian with repetitive and trilobate body units, eac

298 metazoan' clade that includes cnidarians and bilaterians, with sponges as the earliest diverging anim

299 an early branching position for acoels among bilaterians, with the last common ancestor of acoels and

300 rior and posterior anatomy of embryos of the bilaterian worm-like Markuelia confirms its position as