ライフサイエンスコーパス: bioaccumulation

1 d suggesting slightly increased or decreased bioaccumulation.

2 hips between biogeochemical processes and Hg bioaccumulation.

3 e of the experiment, indicating little or no bioaccumulation.

4 that PE ingestion contributed marginally to bioaccumulation.

5 hin one to 2 orders of magnitude of measured bioaccumulation.

6 relating passive sampler uptake and organism bioaccumulation.

7 water exposures as a surrogate for organism bioaccumulation.

8 ecies of Hg having the highest potential for bioaccumulation.

9 hat also includes CuO ENP dissolution and Cu bioaccumulation.

10 arine Hg photochemistry before biouptake and bioaccumulation.

11 re critical steps to meaningfully assay NP's bioaccumulation.

12 he impact of organic carbon sorption on PFAA bioaccumulation.

13 d to explain some important features of PFAA bioaccumulation.

14 eny did not account for differences in metal bioaccumulation.

15 ternatives are produced in hopes of reducing bioaccumulation.

16 nd the ratio of CeO2-NPs to HA influenced Ce bioaccumulation.

17 persistent hydrophobic organic chemicals to bioaccumulation.

18 6:2 FTS in marine invertebrates, suggesting bioaccumulation.

19 rectly affects bioavailability, toxicity and bioaccumulation.

20 ns and use trait-based models to predict POP bioaccumulation.

21 ve importance of different pathways in metal bioaccumulation.

22 iotransformed in fish and contribute to PFOS bioaccumulation.

23 e contributed to the observed toxicities and bioaccumulations.

24 valuation of a new bioenergetically balanced bioaccumulation (3B) model for organic chemicals in fish

25 ion than steady-state models, variability in bioaccumulation across food webs limited the accuracy of

26 n consumers; (2) environmental Se reduces Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification in aquatic food web

27 Freshwater organisms remain at risk from bioaccumulation and biomagnification of persistent organ

28 The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of sediment-bound h

29 y, including nanomaterial chemotaxis assays, bioaccumulation and deleterious effects on cell motility

30 Large differences in bioaccumulation and detoxification strategies were obser

31 No data on the bioaccumulation and distribution of multiwalled carbon n

32 is particularly relevant in predicting NP's bioaccumulation and investigating the factors influencin

33 This is the first report of bioaccumulation and partitioning behaviors of SDPAs and

34 ed seven compounds with a high potential for bioaccumulation and persistence, and also three compound

35 Bioaccumulation and retention kinetics were assessed in

36 edge, this is the first demonstration of the bioaccumulation and speciation of AgNPs in a marine orga

37 To the degree that there is a link between bioaccumulation and toxicity, dietborne exposures to CuO

38 , a long-chained PFC with potential for high bioaccumulation and toxicity, should be considered for f

39 g, internal transport in organisms, and fish bioaccumulation and toxicity.

40 2000 and 2015 AD, implying an increase in Cd bioaccumulation and/or leaching over that interval.

41 The toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of citrate and po

42 usa caspica by age, sex, and tissue-specific bioaccumulation, and compared with that of abiotic matri

43 s relative requirements related to toxicity, bioaccumulation, and degradation/assimilation into the n

44 and discern processes such as bioconversion, bioaccumulation, and excretion in vivo.

45 o characterize the chemotaxis-related alkane bioaccumulation, and has immense potential for fast and

46 environmental distribution, reaction rates, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects.

47 Concern over persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity has led to international r

48 ut the potential hazards (e.g., bioactivity, bioaccumulation, and toxicity) of most PFASs.

49 cern because of their persistence, potential bioaccumulation, and toxicity.

50 coupled to a toxicokinetic module describing bioaccumulation, and two toxicodynamic modules describin

51 system that is potentially capable of copper bioaccumulation, and which could easily be adapted for t

52 acking suggested that the 2-fold increase in bioaccumulation, and, thereby, the raised toxicity of az

53 tion factors (BMF) for improving methods for bioaccumulation assessment and to develop an in vivo bio

54 and was further validated by predicting the bioaccumulation at another site in the estuary.

55 monstration of the ability to quantify MWCNT bioaccumulation at low (sub mug/kg) concentrations accom

56 When persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), mobility in the aquatic environment

57 Successful prediction of bioaccumulation based on passive sampling is well docume

58 diment partitioning (e.g., K(oc) values) and bioaccumulation behavior (e.g., BAF and BSAF values).

59 mbination with measurements to explore their bioaccumulation behavior in a subarctic lake.

60 to assess the occurrence, partitioning, and bioaccumulation behavior of several legacy and emerging

61 nsive laboratory investigation to assess the bioaccumulation behavior of several PPCPs in adult zebra

62 chemical properties and biotransformation on bioaccumulation behavior of these contaminants of concer

63 of PFASs with largely unknown properties and bioaccumulation behavior.

64 laboratory, causing differences in Pb and Zn bioaccumulation between bivalves exposed to laboratory a

65 d, thereby providing new insights into their bioaccumulation, bioavailability, and toxicity.

66 are key parameters determining the extent of bioaccumulation, biological concentration, and risk from

67 suring and modeling polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation by four marine benthic species.

68 The causal links between species traits and bioaccumulation by marine invertebrates are poorly under

69 rst mass-transfer parameter set reported for bioaccumulation by sediment-rooted macrophytes, with sat

70 field), sediments pose a significant risk of bioaccumulation by T. deltoidalis when the Cu, Pb, and Z

71 Selenium bioaccumulation by the parasite was low relative to its

72 ntally determined accumulation profiles show bioaccumulation by zebrafish eleutheroembryos of both ch

73 The study evaluated bioaccumulation capacity of macro- and microelements, th

74 Regression equations correlating bioaccumulation (CL) and passive sampler uptake (CPS) we

75 Regarding bioaccumulation, Cpw combined with liposome-water partit

76 Bioaccumulation data (AsE and AsF) were thereafter evalu

77 ults support the hypothesis that contaminant bioaccumulation declines with stream primary production

78 as higher than the CeO2-NP concentration, Ce bioaccumulation decreased.

79 ntribution of food-associated xenobiotics in bioaccumulation depends on species, substance, and envir

80 his was strongly correlated to the lower PAH bioaccumulation detected in the coexposed animals (whole

81 alized concentrations in biota and (II) that bioaccumulation does not induce levels exceeding those e

82 To better understand arsenate bioaccumulation dynamics in lotic food webs, we used a r

83 present study aimed to (i) characterize the bioaccumulation dynamics of PVP-, PEG-, and citrate-AgNP

84 nstrate how an understanding of PCB congener bioaccumulation dynamics provides multiple direct measur

85 dy state bioaccumulation models simplify POP bioaccumulation dynamics, assuming that pollutant uptake

86 to account by current models for trace metal bioaccumulation (e.g., the biotic ligand model).

87 In vivo dietary bioaccumulation experiments for 85 hydrophobic organic s

88 Bioaccumulation experiments were performed for a selecte

89 , Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF), Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and the Biota plastic accum

90 The modeled steady-state concentration and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of W from soil into cabbage

91 s, with norsertraline exhibiting the highest bioaccumulation factor (up to about 3000) in the liver o

92 Differences in the bioaccumulation factor for PCB/OCPs in zooplankton betwe

93 The bioaccumulation factor of PM(1) in sea anemones was appr

94 ant mode of uptake from water to biofilm and bioaccumulation factor: log K(ow) relationships suggest

95 We find higher than expected bioaccumulation factors (BAFs = C(plankton)/C(water)) fo

96 Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for plankton were calcula

97 Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated for the r

98 Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs, dry-weight-basis, dw) wer

99 -1) L-PFOS in perch livers) resulted in high bioaccumulation factors (L-PFOS BAF(Perch liver): 8.05 x

100 Higher field bioaccumulation factors (log BAF > 5) were found for pri

101 Bioaccumulation factors and TMFs were >1 for most PCBs a

102 Bioaccumulation factors for biofilms and seston in Arcti

103 Bioaccumulation factors for lettuce were correlated to c

104 Therefore, bioaccumulation factors for metabolizable lipophilic con

105 Modeled bioaccumulation factors for phytoplankton (10(2.4)-10(5.

106 stable isotope data together with calculated bioaccumulation factors indicated that bioconcentration

107 Log10 of median bioaccumulation factors ranged from 1.3, 3.7, 4.0, and 4

108 uate the Abs elicited by HIV vaccines or the bioaccumulation following immunoprophylaxis at the sites

109 in water with high toxicity and significant bioaccumulation, for which sensitive and selective detec

110 Here, we compared dissolved Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in 19 species spanning two species-rich

111 a national-scale assessment of mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems, using dragonfly l

112 declines of inorganic mercury exposure, MMHg bioaccumulation in aquatic invertebrates did not concomi

113 are known to have the potential to regulate bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.

114 Bioaccumulation in aquatic species is a critical end poi

115 We found evidence of PBDE bioaccumulation in both ecotypes, however, the pattern o

116 ues were applied to investigate arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed t

117 bioavailability changes in sediments impact bioaccumulation in fish - the primary risk driver for ex

118 nments in the region, potentially leading to bioaccumulation in fish and exposure to communities down

119 produce adverse effects on biota as well as bioaccumulation in fish and seafood, making it necessary

120 biotransformation (via cytochrome P450) and bioaccumulation in fish, respectively.

121 wetland surface waters and decrease mercury bioaccumulation in fish.

122 in sediments impacted exposure pathways and bioaccumulation in fish.

123 nsformation rates for prediction of chemical bioaccumulation in fish.

124 and biogeochemical processes underlying THg bioaccumulation in fishes from the San Francisco Bay Est

125 rst step leading to monomethylmercury (MMHg) bioaccumulation in food webs and might play a role in th

126 MeHg, supporting shallow MeHg production and bioaccumulation in high Arctic waters.

127 onmental concerns due to their stability and bioaccumulation in humans and animals.

128 compounds to try to reduce the potential for bioaccumulation in humans and wildlife.

129 roduction contributes to MeHg production and bioaccumulation in Lake Michigan.

130 We investigated monomethylmercury (MMHg) bioaccumulation in lakes across a 30 degrees latitudinal

131 ation, TC) whereas DOC inhibits HgT and MeHg bioaccumulation in lakes having high DOC (>DOC TC), cons

132 over duration will alter MeHg production and bioaccumulation in lakes, while increased thaw and surfa

133 he rate of methylmercury production and thus bioaccumulation in marine foodwebs.

134 essfully simulating the time-course of metal bioaccumulation in oysters and was further validated by

135 ons can significantly decrease Cu uptake and bioaccumulation in plants.

136 Here, we explore bioaccumulation in sediment-rooted macrophytes by tracki

137 Understanding bioaccumulation in sediment-rooted macrophytes is crucia

138 refore predicted to cause a decrease in MeHg bioaccumulation in similar Canadian Shield lakes.

139 sive use of herbicide and insecticide causes bioaccumulation in the environment and increases potenti

140 Here, we assessed MWCNT bioaccumulation in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila

141 hway of exposure in the aquatic food web and bioaccumulation in the riparian food web.

142 ttle information on factors that control REE bioaccumulation in these organisms.

143 X. parietina and available field data on Hg bioaccumulation in this species allowed reliable estimat

144 sed herbicide) does not result in glyphosate bioaccumulation in tissues, to our knowledge there are n

145 esults showed that DOC promotes HgT and MeHg bioaccumulation in tundra lakes having low DOC (<8.6 - 8

146 We found higher REE bioaccumulation in zooplankton from lakes with lower pH

147 Methylmercury bioaccumulation in zooplankton is higher than in midlati

148 itude dependent on the metric used to assess bioaccumulation, in the order: Clip > BSAF > BPAF > BAF,

149 ratory bioconcentration (passive uptake) and bioaccumulation (including dietary uptake) experiments w

150 The Bioaccumulation Index was used to investigate how effici

151 on of a model of human exposure, uptake, and bioaccumulation into an indoor mass balance model provid

152 The results indicate that PFAA bioaccumulation into earthworms depends on soil concentr

153 ivo extrapolation and prediction of chemical bioaccumulation into organisms.

154 Our study suggests that zooplankton REE bioaccumulation is an excellent predictor of bioavailabl

155 d of the general human population, and their bioaccumulation is of considerable scientific and regula

156 passive sampling as a surrogate for organism bioaccumulation is viable when biomonitoring organisms a

157 horoughly explore environmental pathways and bioaccumulation kinetics during direct soil exposure ver

158 tive analytical method, to evaluation of the bioaccumulation kinetics of gold nanorods (GNRs) in vari

159 The GNR bioaccumulation kinetics was analyzed in several vital m

160 ssues at different rates, depending on their bioaccumulation mechanisms and physiological features.

161 concentration profiles consistent with their bioaccumulation mechanisms, that is, the Cu-regulating m

162 amplers were used to derive lipid-normalized bioaccumulation metrics Clip, Biota sediment accumulatio

163 A bioaccumulation model indicated that the transfer factor

164 A mechanistic bioaccumulation model is compared to the measured data a

165 We contrast a steady state (SS) bioaccumulation model with a dynamic nonsteady state (NS

166 ng for ecotoxicological applications (OMEGA) bioaccumulation model.

167 Results from FOSA partitioning and bioaccumulation modeling forced by changes in atmospheri

168 estion subgroups, fugacity calculations, and bioaccumulation modeling, we showed that plastic is more

169 fluids (c) simulations by plastic-inclusive bioaccumulation models and (d) HOC desorption rates for

170 Existing bioaccumulation models are predominately validated for t

171 Mechanistic bioaccumulation models can help unravel relationships be

172 Fate and bioaccumulation models describe how chemicals distribute

173 DISCUSSION: Fate and bioaccumulation models describe how chemicals distribute

174 es in freely dissolved PCB concentrations in bioaccumulation models it is possible to predict effecti

175 Current steady state bioaccumulation models simplify POP bioaccumulation dyna

176 PBDE assimilation efficiency can be used in bioaccumulation models to assess threats from PBDE expos

177 development of more dynamic, nonsteady state bioaccumulation models to predict hazard and risk assess

178 e compared against those from three existing bioaccumulation models.

179 ae, zooplankton) provided indicators of MMHg bioaccumulation near the base of benthic and planktonic

180 of sulfonamide precursors in contributing to bioaccumulation of AFFF-associated PFSAs and identifies

181 , no studies had examined the occurrence and bioaccumulation of BADGEs or BFDGEs in aquatic organisms

182 was monitored every 10 days, and at harvest, bioaccumulation of Ce and Zn in tissues was determined b

183 that terrestrial subsidies can enhance MeHg bioaccumulation of consumers in headwater streams where

184 rom CuO ENP dissolution and CuO ENP assisted bioaccumulation of Cu has led to apparently contradictor

185 Moreover, bioaccumulation of DP was shown to be concentration depe

186 istic evaluation of the potential uptake and bioaccumulation of each compound.

187 Bioaccumulation of elements [mg/100 gDW] varied from 1.2

188 The impact of age and sex on the bioaccumulation of Hg and Se was studied by analyzing li

189 s, but its role as a mediating factor in the bioaccumulation of Hg in aquatic biota has remained enig

190 e objectives of this study were to determine bioaccumulation of Hg in fish and to evaluate the potent

191 , may contribute, disproportionately, to the bioaccumulation of Hg to levels that approach toxicologi

192 eric sampling data generally can predict the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants by b

193 ning to storage fat is the major process for bioaccumulation of many neutral organic chemicals.

194 umulation in aquatic organisms recently, the bioaccumulation of MCs in relatively small sized organis

195 thways were highlighted, with a preferential bioaccumulation of MeHg in brain and iHg in liver.

196 s of ongoing changes in marine ecosystems on bioaccumulation of MeHg in marine predators that are fre

197 Concerns have been raised about the bioaccumulation of nano-Cu and their toxicity to crop pl

198 wide, but its implication for production and bioaccumulation of neurotoxic monomethylmercury (MeHg) i

199 bonate concentration >1% in soil, uptake and bioaccumulation of Ni and Cd by winter wheat was indepen

200 he Yangtze River delta area, we investigated bioaccumulation of Ni and Cd in winter wheat as affected

201 to the (47)Ti labeling, we could detect the bioaccumulation of NPs in zebra mussels (Dreissena polym

202 Few studies have addressed bioaccumulation of organic pollutants associated with la

203 Strong relationships were found between bioaccumulation of Pb and Zn and time-integrated DGT-met

204 potheses for the mechanisms that control the bioaccumulation of perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs).

205 The bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs)

206 a metric of the thermodynamic potential for bioaccumulation of persistent organic chemicals from sed

207 Accurate predictions on the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

208 the 6% organic carbon content had the lowest bioaccumulation of PFAAs.

209 The factors influencing bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care pro

210 ymeric sampling as a tool for predicting the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by p

211 Bioaccumulation of POPs increased with age, with the exc

212 trophic ecology on Svalbard when predicting bioaccumulation of POPs using the optimal modeling for e

213 This study evaluates the concentrations and bioaccumulation of PPCPs and the selective uptake of ant

214 nt study focused on effects of parasitism on bioaccumulation of selenium (Se) in rainbow trout (Oncor

215 rigin of the plants; or ii) the processes of bioaccumulation of the identified secondary metabolites.

216 T methodology can be used to investigate the bioaccumulation of the labile plutonium fraction in aqua

217 Bioaccumulation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon p

218 icrobial methylation, and contributes to the bioaccumulation of the potent neurotoxin methylmercury i

219 region, suggesting a ubiquitous presence and bioaccumulation of these emerging contaminants.

220 Thus, in this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation of three MC congeners (-LR, -RR and -YR)

221 The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2

222 The role of plastic as a vector for bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals is central to the ris

223 ial than GAC, allowing for reductions in PCB-bioaccumulation of up to 89%.

224 bout the underlying mechanisms governing the bioaccumulation of uranium (U) in aquatic insects.

225 The contribution of food to the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics and hence toxicity is sti

226 bioturbation conditions, resulting in higher bioaccumulation of zinc in bivalves.

227 on in both ecotypes, however, the pattern of bioaccumulation or endocrine disruption for other HOCs w

228 ionally, no evidence of higher trophic level bioaccumulation or toxicity was observed when L. vanname

229 mily exhibited tremendous variability in all bioaccumulation parameters.

230 However, the MeHg production and bioaccumulation pathways in these ecosystems have not be

231 Hg species specific bioaccumulation pathways were highlighted, with a prefer

232 ical and stable isotope analyses to identify bioaccumulation pathways.

233 elatively low, though species differences in bioaccumulation patterns are important.

234 their potential for adverse health effects, bioaccumulation, persistence, and long-range transport.

235 hazard properties included persistence (P), bioaccumulation potential (B), toxicities (T), and mobil

236 Bioaccumulation potential among isomers also varied.

237 ormation of monohydroxy-TBECH may reduce the bioaccumulation potential and provide a useful biomarker

238 ic potency but are expected to have a higher bioaccumulation potential and to be more toxic than the

239 study the impact of biotransformation on the bioaccumulation potential and toxicity in two keystone a

240 a key process that can greatly influence the bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of organic compou

241 ation plays a crucial role in regulating the bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of organic compou

242 Bioaccumulation potential depends on analyte functional

243 ut there is a knowledge gap concerning their bioaccumulation potential in aquatic organisms.

244 We conclude that Hg has a bioaccumulation potential in goldfish 118% higher than t

245 ents through wastewater effluents, and their bioaccumulation potential is debated.

246 nowledge regarding partitioning behavior and bioaccumulation potential of environmental contaminants

247 a range of models are available to describe bioaccumulation potential of hydrophobic organic chemica

248 ) in fish is required to properly assess the bioaccumulation potential of many environmentally releva

249 Methods to predict the bioaccumulation potential of per- and polyfluorinated al

250 ns in polluted environments because of their bioaccumulation potential of pollutants from their hosts

251 neutral storage lipids, can explain the high bioaccumulation potential of these compounds.

252 Little is known about the bioaccumulation potential of these fluoroethers.

253 , suggesting that additional research on the bioaccumulation potential of unknown organofluorine comp

254 for long-range transport potential, aquatic bioaccumulation potential, arctic contamination potentia

255 ng method based on industrial compounds with bioaccumulation potential.

256 ances (PFASs), including assessment of their bioaccumulation potential.

257 y, we found Mirex and Dec602 to have greater bioaccumulation potentials than Dec604 and DP based on c

258 halogenated analogues of Dec604 show greater bioaccumulation potentials than Dec604, Dec602 and DP, b

259 lants, as well as in the estimation of plant bioaccumulation potentials.

260 whole animal as a means of improving modeled bioaccumulation predictions for fish.

261 Peak-shaped bioaccumulation profiles were frequently observed for th

262 tability of this new nonprotected life stage bioaccumulation protocol for BCF estimation was evaluate

263 Passive sampling based estimates of bioaccumulation provide useful information for making in

264 o the new MeHg-food source reflects its high bioaccumulation rate.

265 s liver and spleen, while GNRs do not show a bioaccumulation rates in brain and lung for the period o

266 ) were tested for remediation potential (PCB-bioaccumulation reduction) and adverse effects on the be

267 Potential deleterious effects of stentorin bioaccumulation remain to be determined, as do the geogr

268 s having high DOC (>DOC TC), consistent with bioaccumulation results in a companion paper (this issue

269 olor, it is widely believed that clofazimine bioaccumulation results in skin pigmentation, its most c

270 T-metal fluxes provided predictions of metal bioaccumulation similar to those obtained using dilute-a

271 s a humane alternative for toxicity testing, bioaccumulation studies and environmental water quality

272 lication in chemical monitoring of biota and bioaccumulation studies.

273 ch makes this system an interesting case for bioaccumulation studies.

274 which can be used as a tracer in short-term bioaccumulation studies.

275 g exposure through all media in microplastic bioaccumulation studies.

276 A 28-d bioaccumulation study showed that Ag was significantly a

277 hemical properties, indicating their varying bioaccumulation tendencies in marine and terrestrial eco

278 there are few empirical data to reveal such bioaccumulation tendencies.

279 elopment and preliminary evaluation of a new bioaccumulation test based on the use of zebrafish (Dani

280 ities in artificial sediment during a 28 day bioaccumulation test with polychlorinated biphenyls, chl

281 ailability determined by Chironomus riparius bioaccumulation tests and passive samplers.

282 Dietary bioaccumulation tests for fish have been conducted for a

283 In bioaccumulation tests, the zwitterionic PFAS compounds w

284 y be useful in the interpretation of dietary bioaccumulation tests; i.e., chemicals with a BMFL of <1

285 providing more consistent predictions of POP bioaccumulation than steady-state models, variability in

286 W) values, all models predicted BCFs below a bioaccumulation threshold of 1000.

287 oir flooding on methylmercury production and bioaccumulation through a case study of a stratified sub

288 ghput model of chemical emissions, fate, and bioaccumulation to identify chemicals likely to have hig

289 on the limited relevance of microplastic for bioaccumulation under environmentally realistic conditio

290 Bioaccumulation was also strongly linked to the free ion

291 , to ensure that the observed variability in bioaccumulation was due to species traits.

292 While no bioaccumulation was found for summation operatorHNPs, su

293 The highest bioaccumulation was found in the brain, followed by live

294 tes and modeling suggested that steady state bioaccumulation was reached within 28 days of exposure f

295 tween C(L) and C(P), meaning that increasing bioaccumulation was well-reflected by increasing polymer

296 ation of these three characteristics of PFAA bioaccumulation, we show the strengths and weaknesses of

297 Uranium speciation and bioaccumulation were investigated in the sea urchin Para

298 ere both passive sampler uptake and organism bioaccumulation were measured and 19 of these investigat

299 eria has provided evidence of its uptake and bioaccumulation, which delineates a possible route of en

300 icant role that water quality may have on Hg bioaccumulation within terrestrial species that feed on