ライフサイエンスコーパス: biodiversity

1 uch as vertebrates, reflect changes in wider biodiversity.

2 Speciation is a fundamental process shaping biodiversity.

3 uture socio-economic developments may affect biodiversity.

4 t strategies may successfully conserve urban biodiversity.

5 heir economy and broader wellbeing from this biodiversity.

6 theast Asia, a globally important region for biodiversity.

7 ious threat that wildlife poisoning poses to biodiversity.

8 radles and museums of tropical African plant biodiversity.

9 plate reconfigurations, global climate, and biodiversity.

10 sitions poses a substantial threat to global biodiversity.

11 ogate species for conservation of freshwater biodiversity.

12 diversity tends to correlate positively with biodiversity.

13 e need to take stock of unique Arctic marine biodiversity.

14 ibution to benefit human health and preserve biodiversity.

15 sation is a threat to both mental health and biodiversity.

16 nments; yet we still know little about their biodiversity.

17 e these resources are best spent to conserve biodiversity.

18 CA are poor at capturing the complexities of biodiversity.

19 resources and often does not benefit broader biodiversity.

20 vasive species pose a major threat to global biodiversity.

21 died in isolation but may interact to affect biodiversity.

22 be excluded from salvage logging to conserve biodiversity.

23 e records to describe global patterns of bee biodiversity.

24 considered one of the main threats to global biodiversity.

25 many metals, creating new mining threats for biodiversity.

26 ong the most important global drivers of bee biodiversity.

27 d progress in the way we assess and conserve biodiversity.

28 orld, with consequences for their associated biodiversity.

29 y across biomes is indirectly driven by soil biodiversity.

30 tems, climate stability, and conservation of biodiversity.

31 te adaptation tactics for conserving aquatic biodiversity.

32 ive surrogate for conservation of freshwater biodiversity.

33 crucial to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity.

34 e developing frameworks to assess impacts on biodiversity.

35 tes most likely to be affected by changes to biodiversity.

36 vertebrates that dominate modern vertebrate biodiversity [1-8].

37 Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity(1) and provide essential ecosystem services

38 pulating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4).

39 ally [1], but gaps still exist in preserving biodiversity [2].

40 bitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity(5).

41 t studies have documented the high levels of biodiversity-across many taxa and biomes-that agricultur

42 at old-growth grasslands support substantial biodiversity and are slow to recover if destroyed by hum

43 Climate drivers will alter deep-sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may

44 cultural plantations and risking substantial biodiversity and carbon losses.

45 ment in the tropics, a region with both high biodiversity and continually intensifying anthropogenic

46 auna in the study region, our study presents biodiversity and distribution data for the regional epi-

47 ojections are likely to affect productivity, biodiversity and distributions of deep-sea fauna, thereb

48 eme physical environment drastically reduces biodiversity and ecological complexity.

49 , calling for a need to understand levels of biodiversity and ecosystem responses to climate cycles.

50 recent findings of unprecedented declines in biodiversity and ecosystem services and their negative i

51 targets that account for the complex role of biodiversity and ecosystem services in sustainable devel

52 ions that promote effective co-management of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

53 at are likely to present the highest risk to biodiversity and ecosystems within the APR over the next

54 l guide policy linking the goals of managing biodiversity and ecosystems.

55 e, which have the potential to affect marine biodiversity and fisheries.

56 sampling sites having both information about biodiversity and function, although with different taxon

57 key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use cha

58 aryotes constitute a significant fraction of biodiversity and have recently gained more attention, bu

59 nary dynamics is important for understanding biodiversity and infectious disease.

60 marine reserve network paradigm to riverine biodiversity and inland fisheries remains largely untest

61 orces shaping global patterns of present-day biodiversity and its response to ongoing and future abio

62 cs probably caused similar changes in forest biodiversity and should be reflected by conservation act

63 We find a strong coupling between biodiversity and temperature changes in the marine realm

64 red to prevent further losses to terrestrial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides

65 Islands hold disproportionate biodiversity, and are subject to accelerating biotic hom

66 d and poor understanding of the sensitivity, biodiversity, and dynamics of deep-sea ecosystems.

67 mpacts on forest structure and regeneration, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.

68 c activities have led to a global decline in biodiversity, and monitoring studies indicate that both

69 Dispersal shapes marine biodiversity, and must be understood if marine systems a

70 of PAs, the influence of human activities on biodiversity, and PA governance issues.

71 limate change, affecting landscape function, biodiversity, and productivity.

72 species invasion is an increasing threat to biodiversity, and the extent to which protected areas wo

73 of the factors governing global patterns of biodiversity are key to predicting community responses t

74 nservation areas: protected areas (PAs), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Earth's remaining wilderne

75 (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' and wilderness areas) and ecosystem

76 coinciding with Protected Areas, 7% with Key Biodiversity Areas, and 16% with Remaining Wilderness.

77 In doing so, it may also protect biodiversity as a free cobenefit, which is vital given t

78 Climate change is reshaping global biodiversity as species respond to changing temperatures

79 yclases comprise the foundation of molecular biodiversity as they generate diverse hydrocarbon scaffo

80 ics are complex and may cause overoptimistic biodiversity assessments.

81 rge-scale environmental forces can influence biodiversity at different levels of biological organizat

82 emain unanswered regarding patterns in their biodiversity at local to global scales.

83 onservationists must seize the agenda to put biodiversity at the heart of climate policy.

84 crocosm study, we provide evidence that soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrate

85 ied the synergies and trade-offs between the biodiversity benefits achieved in the different plans an

86 lly higher in scenarios with higher achieved biodiversity benefits.

87 ate monitoring datasets that allow comparing biodiversity between protected and unprotected sites are

88 s are vital to stream ecosystem function and biodiversity but insufficiently studied with respect to

89 outhern Europe that host increased levels of biodiversity but their persistence is threatened by glob

90 display a secular pattern similar to that of biodiversity, but this similarity was not confirmed when

91 As such, biodiversity can evolve in response to these new urban c

92 nity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a ma

93 d monitoring to reveal the causal drivers of biodiversity change.

94 m climate changes are the primary drivers of biodiversity change.

95 Large-scale biodiversity changes are measured mainly through the res

96 lms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex an

97 Thus, biodiversity changes cannot be solely viewed as a respon

98 Understanding the consequences of ongoing biodiversity changes for ecosystems is a pressing challe

99 financing, plan for climate change and make biodiversity conservation a far stronger part of land, w

100 ractitioners working across sectors, such as biodiversity conservation and food production in farmlan

101 ure, our results have major implications for biodiversity conservation and invasion dynamics in fresh

102 n that directly affects policy decisions for biodiversity conservation and public health.

103 rgeted reactive approaches) might outperform biodiversity conservation as a tool for disease control.

104 d areas (PAs) are the cornerstones of global biodiversity conservation efforts, but to fulfil this ro

105 ecological understanding but can also guide biodiversity conservation in an era of global change.

106 f range limit theory and its applications to biodiversity conservation in the context of changing cli

107 Biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes is b

108 In Brazil's Atlantic Forest (AF) biodiversity conservation is of key importance since the

109 rbance is considered essential for achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes but is rapidly erodin

110 as and assess their spatial coincidence with biodiversity conservation sites and priorities.

111 ding of its population-level effects may aid biodiversity conservation through increased regulatory c

112 ed reproductive traits have implications for biodiversity conservation, via prediction of which plant

113 Protected areas form the backbone of biodiversity conservation, yet their effectiveness is of

114 tween invasive species management and native biodiversity conservation.

115 the contribution different land uses make to biodiversity conservation.

116 l given the massive shortfall in funding for biodiversity conservation.

117 ons of the environment that typically inform biodiversity conservation.

118 ms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local c

119 sive and often unnoticed consequences of the biodiversity crisis and calls attention to the invisible

120 cted by multiple stressors, and a freshwater biodiversity crisis is underway.

121 at is the major driver of the current global biodiversity crisis.

122 ions, to generate a new Cambrian to Triassic biodiversity curve with an imputed temporal resolution o

123 e constraints posed by the limited access to biodiversity data, we employ the most comprehensive data

124 racted period of low speciation resulting in biodiversity decline, culminating in extinction events n

125 forest disturbance is a key driver of global biodiversity decline.

126 Global conservation targets to reverse biodiversity declines and halt species extinctions are n

127 picuous manifestation of human activity, but biodiversity declines in undisturbed forest represent hi

128 in study-level and cross-study estimates of biodiversity differences, caused by within-study grain a

129 e the primary points of contention regarding biodiversity-disease relationships and suggest that vect

130 These results raise the question of whether biodiversity-disease relationships are more negative at

131 Although natural systems are rapidly losing biodiversity due to numerous human-caused stressors, our

132 these niche-distribution mismatches are for biodiversity dynamics and how they depend on species lif

133 el that expand on the assessed dimensions of biodiversity (e.g., ecosystem structure), and the driver

134 e as strong as other drivers known to impact biodiversity, e.g., grassland management and current lan

135 ng the coverage across different elements of biodiversity (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Ke

136 e change poses significant emerging risks to biodiversity, ecosystem function and associated socioeco

137 e intensity affect the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services, we buil

138 tter articulate the interconnections between biodiversity, ecosystem services and sustainable develop

139 Controlled biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments with random

140 ber of chemicals and their ambiguous role in biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships.

141 and soil nutrient dynamics in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research.

142 Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments found tha

143 evidence for this relationship is drawn from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments in which

144 For 10 out of 12 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, biodiv

145 studies to explore general patterns in soil biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, with o

146 versity-ecosystem functioning relationships, biodiversity effects did not differ significantly betwee

147 we demonstrate a spectral approach to assess biodiversity effects in young forests that provides insi

148 nces among stands enabled us to quantify net biodiversity effects on stem biomass and canopy nitrogen

149 rve as critical climate refugia for mountain biodiversity even after glaciers disappear.

150 ly affect future impacts of alien species on biodiversity even under a best-case scenario.

151 an improved understanding of tropical plant biodiversity evolution.

152 em energetics to data from a large grassland biodiversity experiment.

153 of the largest and longest-running grassland biodiversity experiments (the Jena Experiment in Germany

154 er significantly between the full dataset of biodiversity experiments and the ecologically realistic

155 We found that plant communities of biodiversity experiments cover almost all of the multiva

156 some ecologists to question the relevance of biodiversity experiments to real-world ecosystems, where

157 developed by the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for Agriculture and Food (TEEBAgriFood) to

158 Fire has been a source of global biodiversity for millions of years.

159 f biodiversity will occur is limited because biodiversity forecasts typically focus on individual sna

160 logical Diversity's (CBD's) post-2020 global biodiversity framework and targets will be developed as

161 fferent spatial scales, making the design of biodiversity-friendly landscapes challenging.

162 e present a framework for categorizing urban biodiversity from a management perspective.

163 ilocus amplicon sequencing of eDNA to survey biodiversity from an eighteen-month (2015-2016) time-ser

164 r fisheries and ecological function, but not biodiversity goals, given their degraded state and the l

165 The long-term accumulation of biodiversity has been punctuated by remarkable evolution

166 However, the effects of glacier loss on biodiversity have never been quantified across a mountai

167 stern Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species.

168 n the Vietnamese Central Annamites, a global biodiversity hotspot.

169 Global biodiversity hotspots (GBHs) are increasingly vulnerable

170 o deep-sea benthos, suggesting that deep-sea biodiversity hotspots are also likely to be microplastic

171 ates to test whether defining and conserving biodiversity hotspots is an effective conservation strat

172 a long-term increase of land use in tropical biodiversity hotspots.

173 ed in moderate environments to form tropical biodiversity hotspots.

174 with especially high biodiversity, known as biodiversity 'hotspots', is intuitive because finite res

175 e a leading cause of anthropogenic change in biodiversity; however, context dependencies and interact

176 land than in Estonia, which-according to the biodiversity hypothesis-could relate to differences in e

177 sults highlight that the existing metrics of biodiversity impact assessment in LCA are poor at captur

178 recently become available and allow bringing biodiversity impact assessment to the next level.

179 hat could revolutionize how society sustains biodiversity in a time of changing fire activity.

180 Together, urban environments may support biodiversity in a variety of ways, but species-specific

181 No policy achieves NNL of biodiversity in any case study.

182 olutionary biology and for better conserving biodiversity in cities.

183 ions, are expected to cause major impacts on biodiversity in most socioecological contexts.

184 The role of soil biodiversity in regulating multiple ecosystem functions

185 important hot spots for the conservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.

186 mans have fragmented, reduced or altered the biodiversity in tropical forests around the world.

187 Results indicated substantial biodiversity in various metabolites generally regarded a

188 ive species have pervasive impacts on native biodiversity, including population extirpations and spec

189 ed microbiota signature, consisting of lower biodiversity, increased relative abundance of the bacter

190 acts of alternative compensation policies on biodiversity (indicated by native vegetation) and two ec

191 We then investigate a time lag in a real biodiversity indicator using empirical data and explore

192 ecosystems, it is important to consider how biodiversity influences processes such as decomposition.

193 easier to communicate, access, and aggregate biodiversity information, there is a need for a framewor

194 Biodiversity intactness declined in all three scenarios,

195 sed the updated model to project terrestrial biodiversity intactness from 2015 to 2050 as a function

196 Protecting land to save biodiversity is a cornerstone of conservation.

197 ng protected area configurations to maximise biodiversity is a critical conservation goal.

198 The uneven spatial distribution of biodiversity is a defining feature of nature.

199 Freshwater biodiversity is at particular risk, but previous studies

200 living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built.

201 Biodiversity is declining at unprecedented rates worldwi

202 that the plight of this component of cryptic biodiversity is more dire than previously considered in

203 Madagascar's biodiversity is notoriously threatened by deforestation

204 at a potentially catastrophic loss of global biodiversity is on the horizon(1-3).

205 Global biodiversity is undergoing rapid declines, driven in lar

206 g biogeographic regions with especially high biodiversity, known as biodiversity 'hotspots', is intui

207 g., ecosystem structure), and the drivers of biodiversity loss (e.g., assessment of species exploitat

208 ctices constitute both the greatest cause of biodiversity loss and the greatest opportunity for conse

209 gical contexts, supporting efforts to reduce biodiversity loss from interacting stressors.

210 ver been a greater concern, but attention to biodiversity loss is being eclipsed by the climate crisi

211 y-ecosystem functioning experiments in which biodiversity loss is simulated by randomly assembling co

212 od, limiting our ability to predict how soil biodiversity loss might affect human wellbeing and ecosy

213 This mechanism may also contribute to biodiversity loss more generally.

214 that the synergistic impacts of warming and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning were mediated

215 Yet cascading effects of biodiversity loss on other taxa are largely unknown beca

216 y-ecosystem function experiments with random biodiversity loss scenarios have demonstrated that more

217 the local, rather than wider community-with biodiversity loss threatening all environments this pres

218 Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide.

219 e, we experimentally crossed host diversity (biodiversity loss) and resource supply to hosts (eutroph

220 Interlocked challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation require transfor

221 ommunity commits to bolder action on abating biodiversity loss, placement of future PAs will be criti

222 erials and products is one of the drivers of biodiversity loss, which in turn affects ecosystem funct

223 drives changes in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity loss, which may ultimately compromise human

224 ally to counteract ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss.

225 rming, preventing soil erosion, and reducing biodiversity loss.

226 ance on natural habitats is a major cause of biodiversity loss.

227 ibutions from zoos, helping to reduce global biodiversity loss.

228 dational and essential strategy for reducing biodiversity loss.

229 and to restore), and expected counterfactual biodiversity losses (unregulated vegetation clearing).

230 lance production with conservation could cut biodiversity losses by two-thirds, protecting most endan

231 (confidence interval, 34-50%) of the future biodiversity losses could not be avoided.

232 ight the impending risk of sudden and severe biodiversity losses from climate change and provide a fr

233 act assessments are needed to prevent severe biodiversity losses from rubber development.

234 udies to assist in mitigating climate-driven biodiversity losses in the 21st century and beyond.

235 llwasser events, during which massive marine biodiversity losses occurred.

236 o halt climate change and reverse associated biodiversity losses.

237 used by within-study grain and sample sizes, biodiversity measure, and choice of effect-size metric.

238 and we recommend against using Hedges' g in biodiversity meta-analyses.

239 Then, we show how coral biodiversity metrics (species richness, total abundance

240 yond the life cycle context, and apply other biodiversity metrics.

241 nd, measured using DNA metabarcoding and six biodiversity metrics.

242 Increasing salinity negatively affects biodiversity, mobilizes sediment-bound contaminants, and

243 Scenario-based biodiversity modelling is a powerful approach to evaluat

244 Here we use an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether-and how-humanity c

245 a detailed account of the areas where urgent biodiversity monitoring efforts are needed to develop mo

246 gaining prominence as a tool for species and biodiversity monitoring in aquatic environments.

247 Improved forecasts for biodiversity must also integrate the connections among p

248 anopesticide has limited effects on the soil biodiversity of a target terrestrial agroecosystem, whil

249 Human disturbances alter the functioning and biodiversity of many ecosystems.

250 energy(4) for a global cross-section of the biodiversity of marine animals.

251 varying in space and time; consequently, the biodiversity of soil microorganisms also differs spatial

252 , resulting in negative consequences for the biodiversity of the whole continent, as introduced speci

253 xplore the impact of human activities on the biodiversity of wildlife and livestock with which humans

254 These effects of biodiversity on energy dynamics were not restricted to o

255 Biodiversity on the Earth is changing at an unprecedente

256 nt is particularly important given that most biodiversity on the planet consists of ectotherms whose

257 To quantify and manage urban biodiversity, one must understand both how biodiversity

258 teractions has so far focused on quantifying biodiversity outcomes, rather than identifying the under

259 Biodiversity patterns across geographical gradients coul

260 the world, consequently suggesting different biodiversity patterns from checklist data.

261 into coexistence, competitive dynamics, and biodiversity patterns in nature.

262 needed to develop more accurate knowledge on biodiversity patterns, offering government and environme

263 icting how global climate change will impact biodiversity patterns, the scarcity of taxon-specific in

264 Despite the fundamental role biodiversity plays in forest regeneration, identifying a

265 Global efforts for biodiversity protection and land use-based greenhouse ga

266 is efficient and suggest ways for improving biodiversity protection.

267 ilver bullet to resolve uncertainty in plant biodiversity quantification.

268 as struggled to come to consensus on whether biodiversity reduces or increases infectious disease ris

269 Understanding risks to biodiversity requires predictions of the spatial distrib

270 traded wildlife products, conservation-based biodiversity research, and identification of blood-meal

271 However, biodiversity responses are conditional on the baseline c

272 Here we test whether biodiversity responses to climate change and land-use ch

273 Generality in understanding biodiversity responses to climate change has been hamper

274 gical research has brought new insights into biodiversity responses to global environmental change.

275 Biodiversity responses to past rapid warming events can

276 oblem and the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity-rich islands.

277 sate and its critically discussed health and biodiversity risks ask for fast, low cost, on-site sensi

278 , evolutionary, and socioeconomic drivers of biodiversity scale with city size.

279 n biodiversity, one must understand both how biodiversity scales with city size, and how ecological,

280 ide key numbers for assessing landscape-wide biodiversity scenarios.

281 e Tree of Life remains a grand challenge for biodiversity science.

282 influence the ability of forests to support biodiversity, store carbon, mediate water yield and faci

283 l and aquatic ecosystems' structure, key for biodiversity studies.

284 Surveys of microbial biodiversity such as the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP)

285 t of distributed energy sources for regional biodiversity suggest that trade-offs based on more diver

286 ts, drones, or ground data - allowing global biodiversity targets relating to ecosystem structure to

287 ofoundly reshaped the world's landscapes and biodiversity, the ecological circumstances that facilita

288 Biodiversity time series reveal global losses and accele

289 A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is p

290 evolutionary responses of populations and of biodiversity to environmental changes.

291 rs driving the exposure and vulnerability of biodiversity to land use change, and then examining how

292 m, displacing any competitors and collapsing biodiversity to only a singular species.

293 The dilution effect predicts increasing biodiversity to reduce the risk of infection, but the ge

294 We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions,

295 ation while reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion.

296 ecies had greater negative effects on native biodiversity where human population was high and caused

297 ogenic climate change continues the risks to biodiversity will increase over time, with future projec

298 w abruptly this climate-driven disruption of biodiversity will occur is limited because biodiversity

299 The tropics are the source of most biodiversity yet inadequate sampling obscures answers to

300 al for sustaining agricultural economies and biodiversity, yet stands to lose both from present expos