ライフサイエンスコーパス: body size

1 ecies' home range size (after correcting for body size).

2 n) and an individual time-varying covariate (body size).

3 eased deviation from expected allometry with body size.

4 where adult spiders naturally differ in mean body size.

5 ion efficiency, but the opposite for copepod body size.

6 gy to insectivory associated with diminutive body size.

7 ationship between changes in temperature and body size.

8 ts to reveal the lowest limits of vertebrate body size.

9 individuals should depend on traits, such as body size.

10 proportionately small relative to increased body size.

11 gans, the BMP ligand DBL-1 is a regulator of body size.

12 trachea, is shorter than predicted for their body size.

13 vere OI is linked to an overall reduction in body size.

14 itional uniqueness (i.e. beta diversity) and body size.

15 in set stoichiometric ratios that vary with body size.

16 ological categories of diet, locomotion, and body size.

17 cular and cellular processes associated with body size.

18 sects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size.

19 etition between individuals often depends on body size.

20 al data covering nine orders of magnitude in body size.

21 oped enhanced cursorial abilities at a small body size.

22 lular matrix proteins in DBL-1 regulation of body size.

23 n Xenopus embryos diminishes brain and whole-body size.

24 dation risk and thermoregulation mediated by body size.

25 gg to adult survival and adaptation in adult body size.

26 cell number is the strongest determinant of body size.

27 oss species does not vary significantly with body size.

28 n, hemodynamics, and physiological limits to body size.

29 (= Nosema) bombi), Defensin expression, and body size.

30 ansion, improved manual dexterity, and large body size.

31 lative brain sizes because of a reduction in body size.

32 h models where competition is independent of body size.

33 d-scale climatic and urbanization effects on body size.

34 d access a wider range of prey due to larger body size.

35 cal measurement issues associated with small body size.

36 stribution of fitness-related traits such as body size.

37 el, and was examined in relation to diet and body size.

38 be predicted based on phylogeny and maximum body size.

39 ated variations of nutrient-uptake rates and body sizes.

40 zations, whereby lower f(o) indicates larger body size [1].

41 mingbird clades over a sixfold size range of body size (2.7-17.5 g).

42 that vocal fold length generally scales with body size [2].

43 worms that bidirectionally scale their adult body size(6,7) and reproduce asexually, via transverse f

44 change are predicted to cause reductions in body size, a key determinant of animal physiology and ec

45 ns, flatworms that continuously change their body size according to nutrient availability.

46 sticated dogs show unparalleled diversity in body size across breeds, but within breeds variation is

47 describes the scaling of metabolic rate with body size across several orders of magnitude in size and

48 Species exhibiting reductions in body size across their range saved up to 14% in cooling

49 ear period predicts consistent reductions in body size across these diverse taxa.

50 y (prey abundance, dispersion, herd size and body size) affect within-pride social structure in Afric

51 tooth wear, torso vertebral morphology, and body size all suggest that Ankylorhiza was a macrophagou

52 ow weaker integration between brain size and body size, allowing for rapid changes in the brain-body

53 due to high behavioral plasticity and small body sizes, allowing them to modify their locomotor mode

54 Body size alone increased 24-h TEE (+ 44%), O(2) consump

55 s study to increase by 996-MJ per month with body size and CM exercise, are required.

56 retical study was to estimate the effects of body size and countermeasure (CM) exercise in an all-mal

57 on density are partly driven by variation in body size and diet among organisms.

58 relatedness but is correlated with shifts in body size and ecology.

59 required likely impose an upper limit to the body size and effectiveness of breaching whales.

60 , harbouring genes with functions related to body size and feed efficiency.

61 important for understanding the evolution of body size and flight in insects and pose a challenge to

62 at more than 1,250 km from human markets for body size and for shark abundance.

63 ordance of their surroundings relative their body size and form to navigate safely through complex en

64 nation patterns inconsistently regardless of body size and handrail distance, whereas the most experi

65 Introduced populations have smaller body size and have different limb and head shapes compar

66 r, soma-specific knockdown of nsun-1 reduced body size and impaired fecundity, suggesting non-cell-au

67 imilar pathways: climate change reduced mean body size and intensive land use decreased density.

68 cies-level and geographic factors, including body size and latitude, moderate impacts of unusually wa

69 we develop a two-dimensional trait space of body size and minimum dung moisture content that charact

70 ings in (a) urban control broods had smaller body size and nestling survival rates than those in fore

71 anges in the allometric relationship between body size and ovariole number.

72 tions consistent with contemporary shifts in body size and phenology.

73 etic diversity is negatively correlated with body size and positively with the length of the genetic

74 yperactivation and associated increased cell body size and process outgrowth, as well as exacerbation

75 We used bumblebees, which vary widely in body size and regularly forage in dense vegetation, to i

76 ically a positive correlation between female body size and reproductive output.

77 hological state, by exhibiting expanded cell body size and retracted processes.

78 Moreover, the development, adult body size and sex ratio of T. elegans were compared betw

79 pregnancy - when extremely rapid changes in body size and shape occur - a likewise rapid plastic reo

80 methodology, with modifications of embryoid body size and shape to increase surface area and slice c

81 s had no influence on species richness, both body size and shark abundance responded strongly to dist

82 ave retained primitive traits (e.g., a small body size and short or thin tails), and fat-tailed sheep

83 ific mortality resulting from differences in body size and spawning location relative to a hydropower

84 reveal individual-level dispersal behaviour, body size and stream network geometry as general correla

85 (c) urban supplemented nestlings had larger body size and survival rates than those in urban control

86 ly (d) urban supplemented broods had similar body size and survival rates to nestlings in forest cont

87 d experimental nestlings, and assessed their body size and survival rates.

88 supplemented and control broods had similar body size and survival rates; (c) urban supplemented nes

89 ntify the combined effects of water content, body size and temperature on plant metabolic rates.

90 nsights into how water content together with body size and temperature quantitatively influence plant

91 e scaling of metabolic rate as a function of body size and temperature.

92 We highlight a relationship between body size and the eIF2B subunits localizing to them; lar

93 mmunities had higher community-weighted mean body size and the feeding guild composition of invaded a

94 we assess the relationship between herbivore body size and the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios of herbi

95 veal a general relationship between organism body size and the stochastic-deterministic balance opera

96 t insight into the potential implications of body size and the use of ISS-like CM exercise upon the p

97 nts exhibited lower reproduction and smaller body size and weight than those on Col-0.

98 ediated by temperature-induced reductions in body size and/or physiological changes.

99 lmon, trout, and char) with relatively large body sizes and mobility.

100 & Bibron, 1836) to explore how temperature, body-size and prey density alter gecko predatory impacts

101 wed craniofacial and dental defects, reduced body size, and defective endochondral bone growth due to

102 hip between resource distributions, consumer body size, and emergent demographic risk offers key ecol

103 lement retrotransposon representation, large body size, and long lifespans, represented across these

104 dis-organization of pharyngeal muscle, small body size, and reduced muscle force, likely due to poor

105 limitation, boosting the genetic diversity, body size, and reproductive output of populations.

106 s: vertebrate species richness, mean maximum body size, and shark abundance as a function of geomorph

107 Cuticle lightness was not correlated with body size, and there was no support for the TMH.

108 ection gradients on social network position, body size, and weaponry of male forked fungus beetles Bo

109 We analysed how species traits constrain body-size architecture by changing the slope of the pred

110 cies traits explain striking patterns in the body-size architecture of natural food webs that underpi

111 mplex food webs that have a simple universal body-size architecture where predators are systematicall

112 xpenditure during locomotion, once speed and body size are accounted for.

113 Declines in animal body sizes are widely reported and likely impact ecologi

114 Notably, the DTF-induced smaller body sizes, as well as the higher oxidative damage to li

115 Selection for smaller body size at first reproduction can also play a role in

116 ase A-positive neurons showed a reduced cell body size (atrophy) and decreased population size (cell

117 However, it is largely unknown whether body size before adulthood relates to these diseases.

118 larger litters; whereas other traits such as body size, behavioural plasticity and diet diversity wer

119 ignificant differences in survival rates and body sizes between urban and forest broods.

120 e examined the associations between maternal body size, birth size, and infant and early childhood gr

121 There were significant differences in body size, blood pressure, and baseline pulmonary capill

122 ze, estimated particle burden increased with body size but did not vary systematically with sex or sp

123 lated mutant Akt1 not only exhibited reduced body size but were also less prone to carcinogen-induced

124 of MCM and that each derived allele reduces body size by about 1 inch and 5 pounds.

125 Increasing body size can consequently trigger changes in population

126 We collected measurements of body size, canine length, and fat, from 125 male and 21

127 These intervals of body size changes are also mirrored in individual specie

128 Body size changes have been documented in several specie

129 bution of these processes in community-level body-size changes in tropical moth assemblages that move

130 cally prone to extinction due to their large body size, complex habitat requirements and slow life-hi

131 flying or running, decreases with increasing body size, consistent with muscle contraction characteri

132 dimensional environments and increases with body size corresponding to metabolic rate, but faster th

133 colony abundance estimates with measures of body size, counts of queens, and estimates of foraging a

134 anial appendages, immune system, metabolism, body size, cursorial locomotion, and dentition of the ru

135 spatially dense data series of abundance and body size data for a strongly size-structured fish commu

136 Body size decline is hypothesized to be a key response t

137 sphatic brachiopods (linguliformeans) show a body size decrease that negatively correlates with diver

138 imate change and land-use intensification on body size, density, and biomass of soil microarthropods.

139 hange and land use, may profoundly influence body size, density, and biomass of soil organisms.

140 er show that the mass allometry is caused by body size dependent energy storage.

141 cally, these species are restricted to large body sizes, diets consisting of difficult-to-digest but

142 ong imprint of deep evolutionary history and body size differences among species explain less variati

143 any measures, potentially reflecting overall body size differences.

144 trum were not obviously driven by phylogeny, body size, digestive strategy, or diet composition; howe

145 [8]), which in turn shapes the evolution of body size dimorphism.

146 Thus, body size directly mediates reproductive isolation throu

147 South American Pliocene localities, assessed body size distributions and applied previously establish

148 n show that if resource variance scales with body size due to landscape clustering, consumers that fo

149 Control of cell number is crucial to define body size during animal development and to restrict tumo

150 try was optimized to accommodate the growing body size during culture and emulate the body gait and l

151 over million-year timescales, with peaks in body size during the latest Tommotian/early Atbadanian a

152 f species, as well as species traits such as body size, each have the potential to decouple symbiotic

153 The main effects observed were reduced body size, edema, and cranial, heart, gut and ocular abn

154 evaporative cooling and exacerbated by large body size, especially for species with animal-based diet

155 m are practically synonymous, an analysis of body size evolution in dinosaurs and other archosaurs in

156 elationships between rates of speciation and body size evolution in five major vertebrate clades (amp

157 s of brain size evolution outpacing rates of body size evolution).

158 but also for understanding life history and body size evolution, sexual selection and many other bio

159 h as habitat affinity, feeding behavior, and body size explained some variation in POP burdens betwee

160 ntification of interesting outliers from the body size-f(0) regression [3].

161 We propose a model in which multiple body size factors are controlled by signaling through th

162 rmeans), however, show a general increase in body size following the increase in species diversity th

163 We highlight the importance of body size for cause-specific mortality and demonstrate h

164 d cuticle lightness, abundance and estimated body size for each species and calculated an assemblage-

165 lage-weighted mean for cuticle lightness and body size for each vertical stratum.

166 e partial 'toothed' dentary point to a giant body size for the species, although the spacing among th

167 Background mortality decreased with body size for trout spawning above the dam and increased

168 Habitat use was affected by species, sex and body size: for example, arboreality became less common w

169 205 species across 10 orders of magnitude in body size from seeds to mature large trees.

170 identification of relevant outliers from the body size - fundamental frequency (f(0)) regression.

171 in their range, which correlates with small body size, generalist diet, and high reproductive rates.

172 lleles of previously identified but uncloned body size genes.

173 species ranging in migration distance, diet, body size, habitat preference, and prevalence (commonnes

174 Body size had no effect on clearance.

175 In contrast, adolescent body size has been consistently, negatively associated w

176 Body size has been used successfully to explain ungulate

177 Estimates of *O. megalodon body size have been made from its teeth, using the great

178 ation to maintain migration as reductions in body size have increased the metabolic cost of flight.

179 ditions, with prey abundance, dispersion and body size having the greatest impact on decisions about

180 ularly at age 14 were largely independent of body size, however to what extent differences in hip sha

181 Reductions in body size, however, are unlikely to offset the 50 to 78%

182 For a 10-fold change in body size (i.e., from 20 to 200 mm), the total number of

183 by computed tomography scans and indexed for body size) if at least 1 parent did so in the Framingham

184 To remove the effect of body size, ILDs were scaled against craniomandibular len

185 ind that metabolism and abundance scale with body size in a remarkably reciprocal fashion, with expon

186 cal fold length has evolved independently of body size in bonobos for the purposes of signal diminuti

187 uvenile development time and decreased adult body size in both species.

188 quantify high-resolution changes in species body size in major metazoan groups on the Siberian Platf

189 Hypotheses regarding body size in relation to urbanization are less clear; ho

190 are strongly associated with MCM and reduced body size in Shetland Sheepdogs.

191 ils demonstrate the early evolution of giant body size in the clade (by ~ 50 Ma), and they likely rep

192 boreality became less common with increasing body size in the rhinoceros viper and black mamba, and m

193 Atdabanian/early Botoman, and notably small body sizes in the middle Atdabanian and after the Sinsk

194 malian species, representing a wide range of body sizes in the primate and carnivoran orders.

195 mammals) with very different life spans and body sizes, including mouse (Mus musculus), goat (Capra

196 mproves from 0.8 to 1.4 cycles/degree as the body size increases from 20 to 200 mm.

197 on may also generate selective gradients for body size increases in smaller endotherms via habitat fr

198 promise survival in the wild if an increased body size incurs a greater energy requirement.

199 Body size influences an individual's physiology and the

200 Body size influences many traits including those that af

201 rk to resolve how interspecific variation in body size influences the emergence and spread of infecti

202 , which is likely to change as a function of body size, influences feeding ecology and its sensitivit

203 Body size is a fundamental characteristic of organisms a

204 Body size is a key life-history trait that influences co

205 r, these results suggest that aquatic insect body size is an important predictor of susceptibility to

206 ver the past 60 million years and that adult body size is associated with the ontogenetic stage of an

207 Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran insect, whose body size is larger than the model insect Drosophila mel

208 Because female body size is positively related to fecundity in P. lappo

209 sed on this framework is that across mammals body size is reflected in the fundamental frequency (f(o

210 at taxonomic identity, not trophic status or body size, is the best baseline from which to predict or

211 exhibits prolonged life span relative to its body size, is unusually cancer resistant, and manifests

212 the human brain is clearly large relative to body size, less is known about the timing of brain and b

213 xamined how thermal mismatches interact with body size, life stage, habitat, latitude, elevation, phy

214 st for human PDX models, however their small body size limits the xenograft growth, sample collection

215 re the experimental behaviour for a range of body sizes, masses, shapes and fluid viscosities.

216 Large body size may also confer a competitive advantage over s

217 Body size measures at birth were lower in infants expose

218 Nest site preference and body size mediated the effects of urbanization on OSR.

219 volution has generated enormous diversity of body sizes, morphologies, physiologies, ecologies, and l

220 redicting f(o), and strength and measures of body size negatively predicted formant frequencies (P(f)

221 g exponents of whole-plant metabolic rate vs body size numerically converge onto 1.0 after water cont

222 used on the relationship between the average body size of a species and its mean metabolic rate, negl

223 Body size of adult mosquitoes from the Mata Atlantica re

224 nvironmental factors that affect the average body size of an herbivore community (such as predation r

225 We examine how shifts in the average body size of an herbivore community alter the ratios at

226 arming were dampened by reducing the average body size of community members, leading to no net change

227 ed faunivorous diet appropriate to the small body size of most triconodontids.

228 mismatch (PPM), considering annulus size and body size of patients.

229 examine how climate and urbanization affect body size of Peromyscus maniculatus (PEMA), an abundant

230 g unique characters: a substantially smaller body size of physically mature individuals, proportionat

231 deposited but led to changes in the average body size of the defecating community.

232 The giant body size of this caiman relates to locomotory and postu

233 nd warming independently reduced the average body size of zooplankton by up to 30%.

234 This reduction in body size offset the direct effect of warming-induced in

235 of between- and within-individual effects of body size on ITV over time, and (b) disentangle the trop

236 ociation with bird feeders, and, especially, body size on niche position.

237 land, Antarctica represents a species with a body size on par with the largest known species in the c

238 of between- and within-individual effects of body size on trophic position and resource use change st

239 rease in cell number leads to an increase in body size only in a nutrient-rich environment; in starve

240 ter water content is corrected regardless of body size or ontogenetic stage.

241 ariation is not simply driven by brain size, body size, or skull shape, and is focused in specific ne

242 sult of variation in total brain size, total body size, or skull shape.

243 show that experimental evolution of parasite body size over 4 y (approximately 60 generations) leads

244 to the continuing decline in Chinook salmon body size points to conflicting management and conservat

245 cts of temperature, oxygen availability, and body size predict that global warming will limit the aer

246 account for the restricted growth and small body sizes present in individuals with OI.

247 pelagic zones of aquatic ecosystems, certain body-size ranges are often over-represented compared to

248 around 250 million to 65 million years ago), body sizes reached extremes; nevertheless, the largest k

249 s of evidence, including radiocarbon dating, body size reconstructions, stable isotope analysis, scan

250 Our findings suggest that warming-induced body size reduction is a general response to climate cha

251 s, suggesting heat stress as a main cause of body size reduction.

252 Caenorhabditis elegans for genes involved in body size regulation, a trait under the control of BMP m

253 ed from 3 models, all using as predictors: 1 body size related measurement and nusinersen treatment s

254 Our findings reveal the mechanism underlying body size-related adaptation of mammalian Hb.

255 and how the energetic quantities scale with body size remain open, largely due to the difficulties w

256 ing the relationship between cell number and body size remain poorly understood.

257 at which point we observed sudden shifts in body size, respiration mode and thermal tolerance.

258 try consists of looking at how an organism's body size scales with the characteristics of its vocaliz

259 tions of the VBGF: these allow for different body-size scaling exponents for anabolism (biosynthesis

260 We reveal widespread variation in the body-size scaling of biosynthesis potential and conseque

261 bution of wolf spiders in arctic ecosystems, body size shifts in these predators as a result of clima

262 estigate how structure (network topology and body-size structure) and behaviour (foraging strategy an

263 ion and within-species size shifts may alter body-size structures under climate warming.

264 at differences in survival rate and nestling body size suggest that urban stressors other than food s

265 Small ancestral body size suggests that the extreme rarity of early orni

266 nd DTFs may increase toxicity is by reducing body size (temperature-size-rule).

267 ves greater reproductive success at a larger body size than the first sex.

268 nt sizes, they rapidly evolve differences in body size that are correlated with host size.

269 vides an evolutionary pathway to extremes in body size that are not available to lineages that must f

270 diminution (i.e., reducing the impression of body size that they advertise through their calls).

271 from the animals) varied significantly with body size, the largest spiny lobsters producing SL up to

272 changes for four fishes spanning a range of body sizes, thermal and habitat preferences.

273 males and, following adjustment for age and body size, these differences became more pronounced.

274 y showed that DBL-1/BMP signaling determines body size through transcriptional regulation of cuticle

275 ra demonstrates a high capacity to adapt its body size to different temperatures.

276 l floral diversity, bee diet breadth and bee body size to influence site occupancy, via colonisation

277 of water striders match leg speeds to their body sizes to maximize their jump take off velocity with

278 without an outer fat ring to simulate large body size (total diameter, 42 cm).

279 ion (MCM) (P = 1.53 x 10(-7)) as well as two body size traits: height (P = 1.67 x 10(-5)) and weight

280 remise that the chosen or available f(0) and body size values are typical of the species.

281 h existing data, explain greater than 90% of body size variation in dogs.

282 Our results suggest that body size variation in wolf spiders is associated with v

283 ir critique by controlling for cross-species body size variation using body weights for chimpanzees (

284 dispersal probability that was unrelated to body size variation.

285 autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the e

286 116p-/m+ mice the reduction in neuronal cell body size was associated with decreased neuronal nucleol

287 creased 24EE above requirements for achieved body size was associated with less weight and fat mass g

288 eported that, already at age 10 years, their body size was below average or average (72%) compared wi

289 r mammals exceptionally long-lived for their body size, we find increased constraint in inflammation,

290 racting mechanisms of selection, measures of body size, weaponry, and testis volume may not increase

291 (LEPR, FANCC, COL1A1, and PCCA) influencing body size were identified.

292 adult life and overall lifespan, and smaller body sizes were seen at 28 degrees C versus 20 degrees C

293 reduced across the entire sampling area and body sizes were similar between burned and unburned site

294 Parrots primarily reduced their body size, whereas corvids increased body and brain size

295 alking species, migrants tend to have larger body size, while among flying species, migrants are smal

296 ng metabolic rates, and metabolism scales to body size with a smaller exponent whenever temperatures

297 The magnitude of this effect varied by fish body size with juveniles of small-bodied species showing

298 pendent acquisitions of very large (>100 kg) body size within Vombatiformes, several having already o

299 Faster development combined with larger body size, without a tradeoff in adult longevity, sugges

300 ld, captive-reared females achieved a larger body size, without evidence of obesity.