ライフサイエンスコーパス: bombardment

1 was 9.6% +/- 2.7% (decay-corrected to end of bombardment).

2 purity of more than 97% (90 min from end of bombardment).

3 step protocols and under simulated synaptic bombardment.

4 requires approximately 3.5 h from the end of bombardment.

5 introduced into intact plants using particle bombardment.

6 under 5-keV Cs(+) and 2.5-8.75-keV SF(5)(+) bombardment.

7 F(5)(+) bombardment when compared with Cs(+) bombardment.

8 ed by such projectiles by subsequent cluster bombardment.

9 tro revealed spontaneous periods of synaptic bombardment.

10 he formation of bubble lattices under He ion bombardment.

11 oduced to barley aleurone cells via particle bombardment.

12 intradermal genetic immunization by particle bombardment.

13 GFP-RNAi, expressed transiently by particle bombardment.

14 Yield was approximately 5%-10% end-of-bombardment.

15 L.) lines transformed using microprojectile bombardment.

16 t libraries are generated using fast neutron bombardment.

17 of Si surfaces evolving during 1 keV Ar+ ion bombardment.

18 surface, even those expected from meteorite bombardment.

19 pheles gambiae embryos by biolistic particle bombardment.

20 not dissociate appreciably on energetic ion bombardment.

21 and introduced into maize cells by particle bombardment.

22 ading to a reduction of the rate of AV nodal bombardment.

23 eter sites of the skin of rats with particle bombardment.

24 ciated with the maintenance of high-rate AVN bombardment.

25 maize endosperm suspension cells by particle bombardment.

26 ming plasmid into tobacco leaves by particle bombardment.

27 modified merA constructs via microprojectile bombardment.

28 sed from cDNAs introduced by microprojectile bombardment.

29 violent, characterized by constant meteorite bombardment.

30 lines stably transformed by microprojectile bombardment.

31 results have been obtained for monatomic ion bombardment.

32 metal samples are also valid for cluster ion bombardment.

33 optimized in the same way as by Ga+ and Cs+ bombardment.

34 potential for SIMS analyses with cluster ion bombardment.

35 ratopteris thalictroides using microparticle bombardment.

36 d in silicon and then sputter profiled by Cs bombardment.

37 the surge of basin-scale impacts during this bombardment.

38 igh masses could be generated by cluster-ion bombardment.

39 ne of the impactor flux after the Late Heavy Bombardment.

40 e examined mutants generated by fast neutron bombardment.

41 troduced into the plastid genome by particle bombardment.

42 rial delivered at the time of the Late Heavy Bombardment.

43 olcanism shortly after the end of late heavy bombardment 3.8 billion years ago and limited, isolated

44 ren (n=11 730) were caused more often by air bombardments (39.2% vs 5.4%, p<0.0001) and shelling (37.

45 eroids and comets during the period of heavy bombardment 4.5 x 10(9) to 3.8 x 10(9) years ago.

46 ong contributors to the so-called late heavy bombardment about 4 billion years ago.

47 tensity remains stable under continuous C60+ bombardment, although some decrease in intensity is obse

48 ars, nearly coeval with an interval of heavy bombardment and cessation of the martian core dynamo and

49 rogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemi

50 Event-by-event bombardment and detection mode coupled with coincidence

51 spectrometer, with 15-keV Ga(+) primary ion bombardment and detection of positive secondary ions.

52 recovered lipids were confirmed by fast-atom bombardment and electrospray mass spectrometry.

53 uring Earth's history such as the late heavy bombardment and global mass extinctions.

54 e between vacancy formation through particle bombardment and interfacial redox reaction and vacancy a

55 This augmentation is due to gold bombardment and is independent of the presence of plasmi

56 roughening, that are associated with C60(+) bombardment and produced better depth profiles.

57 ns indicative of a strong role for meteoroid bombardment and surface composition in determining the c

58 0, tyrosinase, MAGE-1, or MAGE-3 by particle bombardment and used to stimulate autologous PBMC respon

59 not all samples perform equally under C(60) bombardment, and it is probably naive to think that ther

60 died, including liposomal delivery, gene gun bombardment, and picoinjection into single living cells.

61 and cosmic ray bombardment, micro-meteorite bombardment, and so on).

62 species are transformable only via particle bombardment, and the introduced DNA is integrated random

63 electrocatalyst via a low-temperature plasma bombardment approach.

64 ined depolarization gave the rate of quantal bombardment: approximately 5100 quanta sec(-1) for small

65 High yields associated with cluster bombardment are also shown to be amenable to depth profi

66 Terrestrial nuclear reactions or cosmic-ray bombardment are not sufficient to generate such a high r

67 1 gene expression using a transient particle bombardment assay, demonstrating that regulatory element

68 sing protoplast electroporation and particle bombardment assays, we have defined c/s-acting elements

69 the PEG-mediated delivery and the biolistic bombardment based delivery, either of these methods work

70 Bombardment-based methodology is responsible for the eff

71 errestrial atmosphere suggest that the heavy bombardment before 3.5 Gyr ago either produced or delive

72 llisions and contributed to the heavy impact bombardment between 4.3 and 3.8 billion years ago.

73 We evaluated particle bombardment (biolistics) as a strategy to introduce and

74 We have used particle bombardment (biolistics) to deliver replication-competen

75 on of HvWRKY38 in aleurone cells by particle bombardment blocks GA induction of the Amy32b promoter r

76 Bombardment brought these organics to the young Earth's

77 flooding is valid not only for monatomic ion bombardment but also for cluster primary ions.

78 Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers under the bombardment by buckminsterfullerene primary ions.

79 Random bombardment by comets, asteroids and associated fragment

80 roposed that during the Hadean-Archean heavy bombardment by extraterrestrial impactors, meteorites wo

81 flowing water, but also was undergoing heavy bombardment by meteorites.

82 ions, including light illumination, particle bombardment by the plasma plume, interactions with the a

83 postsynthesis processing methods such as ion bombardment can be used to overcome the trade-off betwee

84 Using a new generation electron bombardment-charge-coupled device camera coupled to an i

85 polycarbonate, our results show that Ar4000+ bombardment combined with cesium flooding enhances secon

86 e ferroelectrics is demonstrated whereby ion bombardment - commonly used in classic semiconductor mat

87 e skin target site up to 24 h after gene gun bombardment completely abrogated the Ab response in the

88 AI-ETD, which leverages infrared photon bombardment concurrent to the ETD reaction to mitigate n

89 The plasmid DNA used for bombardment contained a gene encoding neomycin phosphotr

90 The damage profiles of PMMA under SF(5)(+) bombardment contained three distinct regions as a functi

91 ysis of the surface by magnetospheric plasma bombardment continuously cycles sulfur between three for

92 nion epidermal cells transfected by particle bombardment demonstrated that greater than 50 % of the t

93 ss spectrometry (SIMS) in the event-by-event bombardment-detection mode.

94 pectrometry (SIMS) run in the event-by-event bombardment/detection mode provides a unique ability to

95 of our experiments, i.e., the event-by-event bombardment/detection mode, we are uniquely able to obta

96 both German and Soviet occupations, repeated bombardments, dictatorships, and a revolution, I managed

97 ds, including post-synthesis activation, ion bombardment, electron beam drilling, and nanolithography

98 tendrils at low (50 eV) and high (12 keV) He bombardment energy, in the range 900-1000 degrees C, and

99 diochemical yield (decay-corrected to end of bombardment (EOB)) by preparation of the precursors 2bet

100 diochemical yield (decay-corrected to end of bombardment (EOB)), respectively, by preparation of the

101 ter than 99.0% decay corrected to the end of bombardment (EOB).

102 diochemical yield (decay-corrected to end of bombardment, EOB).

103 ly extensive process in Mercury's post-heavy bombardment era.

104 the ionization of molecules upon subsequent bombardment events.

105 Particle bombardment experiments demonstrate that these motifs fu

106 This result is in contrast to atomic bombardment experiments in which the dose of incident io

107 Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) and particle bombardment experiments on leaves from oilseed rape sugg

108 Fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry in the negative ion

109 terized by compositional analysis, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, sequential exoglyco

110 ltinuclear NMR spectroscopy and by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopy and it is shown that

111 under chemical ionization (CI) and fast atom bombardment (FAB) shows the suitability of the technique

112 of ammonium salts by negative-ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) to determine m/z of the [M - H]- ion,

113 pounds would have been analyzed by fast-atom bombardment (FAB), liquid secondary ion mass spectrometr

114 (SR) 18) is observed at 7394 Da in fast atom bombardment (FAB, Xe atoms) ionization mass spectrometry

115 3))(2)CF(+) at <10(-)(3) Torr in an electron bombardment flow (EBFlow) reactor.

116 Direct DNA transfer utilizing particle bombardment for the delivery of foreign DNA into rice ti

117 derived tissues of cassava via microparticle bombardment, for the selection of genetically transforme

118 h direct DNA transfer, specifically particle bombardment, generally results in a single transgenic lo

119 After particle bombardment, Gfp was expressed only in lemmas, paleas an

120 or water ice due to kiloelectronvolt cluster bombardment have been measured and compared to the predi

121 0)Ar* resetting could bias interpretation of bombardment histories due to plateaus yielding misleadin

122 nd geophysical evolution of the Moon and the bombardment history of the early Solar System.

123 t of lunar craters postdating the Late Heavy Bombardment, implying that the plains formed no earlier

124 We show that high-energy ion bombardment improves the energy storage performance of r

125 GRAIL elucidates the role of impact bombardment in homogenizing the distribution of shallow

126 tained with all the constructs upon particle bombardment in soybean and green bean pods.

127 s could be reconciled by simulating synaptic bombardment in the dendrites of RE cells, but only if th

128 ts the concept of a short, intense period of bombardment in the Earth-moon system at approximately 3.

129 ation are more important than micrometeoroid bombardment in the space-weathering process, or that mic

130 sed by wide-area weapons of shelling and air bombardments in 58 099 (57.3%) civilians, including 8285

131 eaf tissues, using biolistic microprojectile bombardment, in an effort to develop a single plant-base

132 provides the same advantages as in fast atom bombardment: increased signal-to-noise ratios and enhanc

133 Disordering of the layered structure by ion bombardment increases the thermal conductivity.

134 f the targeted leaf was removed 2 days after bombardment, indicating that the systemic signal is prod

135 in Nicotiana benthamiana by microprojectile bombardment into fully developed leaves.

136 thetic failure, was established by fast atom bombardment ionization-mass spectrometry, which revealed

137 trol of neuronal responsiveness via synaptic bombardment is a fundamental property of cortical dynami

138 e-weathering process, or that micrometeoroid bombardment is a necessary but not sufficient process in

139 The behavior of cluster versus atomic (Ga+) bombardment is monitored by the barium-cationized arachi

140 is modality, chemical damage associated with bombardment is removed before it can accumulate on the s

141 estrial magnetic field before the Late Heavy Bombardment is supported by terrestrial nitrogen isotopi

142 only one comet shower producing late Eocene bombardment levels has likely occurred since the Cambria

143 laced just after the start of the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) about 4.0-4.1 Gyr ago.

144 The coincidence of the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) period and the emergence of terrestria

145 The Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), a hypothesized impact spike at approx

146 pacts commonly referred to as the late heavy bombardment (LHB).

147 r) has frequently been called the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB).

148 r system at ca. 3.85-3.95 Ga (the Late Heavy Bombardment, LHB).

149 f Mars suggests that during the era of heavy bombardment, Mars's atmospheric pressure was high enough

150 Direct fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS/MS) analysis of th

151 Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and high resoluti

152 r magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), tandem MS-MS, an

153 e liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS).

154 By fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy,

155 se were subsequently determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry to be a linear series of H

156 mass spectrometry, high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and/or NMR.

157 ption spectra, chemical synthesis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, high resolution fast atom

158 cal structure was elucidated using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonanc

159 methylated head group, obtained by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, was 724.3340, which is co

160 Their structures were confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, which detected homologous

161 the neuC1 mutant was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

162 Zn stable isotope for analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

163 -purified product was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

164 irmed by independent synthesis and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB).

165 )C, and (31)P NMR spectroscopy and fast-atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS).

166 pulsed amperometric detection and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy.

167 Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric analysis of the purified

168 romatography-mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis of LOS from wild-

169 Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis of urine and bile

170 -dimensional 1H/1H and 1H/13C NMR, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass s

171 Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, N-terminal amino acid seq

172 y, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry.

173 ed by continuous flow-negative ion fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry.

174 5-HT receptor density, or change in sensory bombardment may enhance internal broadcasts and reduce s

175 ate to other tissues, and combat host copper bombardment mechanisms that would otherwise mitigate vir

176 n these constructs are delivered by particle bombardment-mediated DNA transfer into the skin of mice,

177 Overexpression of OsWRKY24 via particle bombardment-mediated transient expression in aleurone ce

178 T6 populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare): bombardment-mediated, multi-copy lines with ubiquitin-dr

179 lity of plant transformation by the particle bombardment method for functional genomics of multigene

180 directly into maize cells using the particle bombardment method.

181 is not as efficient as the tungsten particle bombardment method.

182 Here, we report bombardment methods that depend on leaf developmental st

183 y of processes (such as solar and cosmic ray bombardment, micro-meteorite bombardment, and so on).

184 Here we provide a new bombardment model of the Hadean Earth that has been cali

185 High-resolution fast atom bombardment MS yielded an empirical formula of C14H18N3O

186 ation time-of-flight spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment MS, detailed NMR spectrometry, and metabolic

187 t ions (mainly a-type ions) in the fast-atom bombardment-MS/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption i

188 guanine determined by positive ion fast atom bombardment/MS/MS.

189 glucosides have been determined by fast atom bombardment-negative ion spectrometry, thin-layer chroma

190 ereas optimum ion yields under argon cluster bombardment occur in the region of E/n >/= 10 eV (where

191 The direct production of (99m)Tc via proton bombardment of (100)Mo can be practically achieved in hi

192 Bombardment of a highly expressed dicot tRNA(ala)(GAC) g

193 mulations are performed to model C60 and Au3 bombardment of a molecular solid, benzene, in order to u

194 Cluster bombardment of a molecular solid, benzene, is modeled us

195 Similarly, bombardment of a morphologically wild-type strain with t

196 s spectrometry (SIMS) data obtained from the bombardment of a novel nanomaterial with a suite of proj

197 ission of benzene molecules by 5-keV cluster bombardment of a range of carbon projectiles from C6H6 t

198 ng transgene introduction by microprojectile bombardment of allohexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativ

199 formed to model 5-keV C60 and Au3 projectile bombardment of an amorphous water substrate.

200 mulations have been performed for 10 keV C60 bombardment of an octane molecular solid at normal incid

201 ction of metal sequestering proteins and the bombardment of bacteria with toxic levels of metals.

202 RK1 chimaeric gene were produced by particle bombardment of barley immature embryos with the aim of o

203 ted Au111-herringbone surface using electron bombardment of condensed NO2 at 100 K.

204 t is not present in nature, by the biolistic bombardment of cultured immature embryos.

205 s of all organisms are subject to continuous bombardment of deleterious genomic mutations (DGM).

206 The vaccines were administered by particle bombardment of DNA-coated gold beads by Accell gene gun

207 has been developed based on microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus and hygromycin selecti

208 a sativa L. cotransformed by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic callus.

209 re from being sputtered away by the constant bombardment of energetic ions from the planet's magnetos

210 show for the first time that 30-300 eV F(+) bombardment of fluorinated Ag and Si surfaces produces "

211 Plastid transformation was obtained after bombardment of leaves with tungsten particles coated wit

212 ely affect the information depth for cluster bombardment of metal-organic interfaces; therefore, the

213 The cross sections observed from C60 bombardment of multilayer molecular solids are approxima

214 f-life) parent isotope is prepared by proton bombardment of natural copper at 33 MeV.

215 Astatine-211 is produced by alpha beam bombardment of naturally monoisotopic bismuth metal ((20

216 The early stages of C(60) bombardment of octane and octatetraene crystals are mode

217 sion of GL3 and MYC-146 upon microprojectile bombardment of petals of a white-flowered mutant of Matt

218 In sink leaves, biolistic bombardment of plasmids encoding GFP-fusion proteins dem

219 tant of defect relaxation for 500 keV Ar ion bombardment of Si at 100 degrees C with the following tw

220 We find that bombardment of such surfaces at temperatures of approxim

221 observed for the first time during fast atom bombardment of the analyte-matrix mixture without collis

222 of the ventricular rate results from reduced bombardment of the AVN.

223 of (9)Li, formed by the high-energy deuteron bombardment of the beryllium converter.

224 Bombardment of the film with C60+ results in high qualit

225 s formed near the end of the period of heavy bombardment of the inner solar system, about 3.5 billion

226 Intense bombardment of the moon and terrestrial planets approxim

227 ectarian age, preceding the end of the heavy bombardment of the Moon.

228 Massive bombardment of the planet took place for the first 500-7

229 sis of the degradation products arising from bombardment of TpT, a DNA model compound, irradiated wit

230 Cluster bombardments of 15 keV C(60) on metal-organic interfaces

231 Following gene gun bombardments of DNA, both were biased towards type 2 imm

232 The studies revealed that gene gun bombardments of DNAs expressing secreted Ags strongly bi

233 2 GBq (uncorrected at 30-36 min after end of bombardment) of (63)Zn-zinc citrate were obtained with a

234 and that results obtained for monatomic ion bombardment on other semiconductor and metal samples are

235 periments carried out using C60+ and Ar4000+ bombardment on silicon show that yields of negative seco

236 , the effect of prolonged C60(+) primary ion bombardment on the chemical information available from a

237 tion of energy deposition during cluster ion bombardment on the quality of molecular depth profiling

238 rgent biosphere, the thermal effects of this bombardment on the young Earth remain poorly constrained

239 irect DNA transfer methods, such as particle bombardment or electroporation, has been developed.

240 -MS) with a quadrupole instrument, fast atom bombardment or electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem MS w

241 aterials defects, such as those generated by bombardment or irradiation.

242 al collisions of neutral species without ion bombardment or UV irradiation, neutral layers consistent

243 roportional to length, suggesting sustained "bombardment" over evolution.

244 restrial material that fell during the heavy bombardment period or was produced during impacts, and p

245 I GT Collection, a set of efficient particle bombardment plasmids (pBullet) was also constructed with

246 mations have been included to illustrate the bombardment process.

247 be related to solar wind and micrometeoroid bombardment processes, leave unique spectroscopic signat

248 onger mean H-H along with slowing of the AVN bombardment rate.

249 meteorites was offset by declining meteorite bombardment rates.

250 ist in an environment of continuous synaptic bombardment, receiving a complex barrage of excitatory a

251 Intrinsic point defects created by ion bombardment reduce leakage, delay low-field polarization

252 The use of Cs(+) primary ion bombardment results in somewhat anomalous, nonmonotonic

253 Cutaneous gene (DNA) bombardment results in substantial expression of the enc

254 er characteristics of polyatomic primary ion bombardment (SF5+) as compared to monatomic primary ion

255 Transient assays using particle bombardment show that the proximal ABRE2 element on the

256 Transient expression of OsWRKY71 by particle bombardment specifically represses GA-induced Amy32b alp

257 id screens, in vitro binding assays and cell bombardment studies were performed.

258 chromatography and continuous flow fast atom bombardment-tandem mass spectrometric analyses.

259 This approach can easily substitute the bombardment technique currently used for monocots and wi

260 econdary sputtering lithography using an ion-bombardment technique was reported as a new method to cr

261 enetic engineering using procedures based on bombardment technology.

262 In particle bombardment tests, An9 and Bz2 functionally complement b

263 We show by particle bombardment that ABI3 and VP1 affect Em-GUS expression i

264 e Earth after core formation as a 'terminal' bombardment that culminated in the cratering of the Moon

265 Old craters from a unique period of heavy bombardment that ended approximately 3.8 billion years a

266 lian genome has suffered waves of transposon bombardment that have contributed the majority of the to

267 We demonstrate He(+) beam bombardment that locally creates vacancies, shifts the F

268 wo oat lines transformed via microprojectile bombardment that were shown to have simple transgene loc

269 elegans transformation, using microparticle bombardment, that produces single- and low-copy chromoso

270 Under 5-keV Cs(+) bombardment, the characteristic PMMA secondary ion inten

271 For Au3 bombardment, the experimental yield varies almost linear

272 For C60 bombardment, the experimental yield varies almost linear

273 Both for monatomic and cluster ion bombardment, the optimization does not depend on the pri

274 gen are rare; 24 h after five abdominal skin bombardments, the number of these cells does not exceed

275 to barley aleurone layers by using particle bombardment: the reporter constructs containing the codi

276 sh a spatially resolved relation between ion bombardment time and depth.

277 DNA replacement using high-velocity particle bombardment to engineer 1201 gene knockout mutants.

278 Retrofitted YACs were used for particle bombardment to examine the efficiency with which their l

279 nt protoplast expression assays and particle bombardment transformation of monocots.

280 We used an optimized particle-bombardment transformation system to produce RNAi-CP-tra

281 Promoter deletion analysis, by particle-bombardment transient transformation of maize immature e

282 ervations can be explained if late meteorite bombardment triggered the onset of the current style of

283 Nanotendril "fuzz" will grow under He bombardment under tokamak-relevant conditions on tungste

284 In addition, a single C(60) bombardment was able to create many free and reacted H a

285 mer films under dynamic SF(5)(+) primary ion bombardment was investigated, including several films do

286 Aerial bombardment was the main form of attack.

287 s demonstrate that, with cluster primary ion bombardment, we are for the first time able to quantify

288 By using particle bombardment, we have developed a cotransformation approa

289 Using particle bombardment, we show that TTG1, GL3, GL1 and the homeodo

290 P) reporter and low-pressure microprojectile bombardment were used to quantify the degree of symplast

291 uronidase reporters, delivered with particle bombardment, were used to show that an 86-base pair frag

292 was significantly less modified by SF(5)(+) bombardment when compared with Cs(+) bombardment.

293 Bombardment with C60+ primary ions of monolayer and mult

294 nd 5.5-keV impact energy O(2)(+) primary ion bombardment with detection of negative and positive seco

295 pe plastids in tobacco and rice plants after bombardment with FLARE-S vector DNA and selection for sp

296 Bombardment with HA-Ccat resulted in the import of Ccat

297 We find that bombardment with heavier ions, which create denser colli

298 iva L.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment with one or two cotransformed plasmids.

299 ndary ions induced by the combination of ion bombardment with simultaneous cesium flooding is valid n

300 n in damage accumulation following continued bombardment with the ion beam.

301 Here, we present a new approach, using bombardment with very high-energy, heavy ions accelerate